2011年08月08日 07時(shí)16分，《英語(yǔ)網(wǎng):自考英語(yǔ)（二）輔導(dǎo)資料：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)》由出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com英語(yǔ)編輯整理.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.基本用法
(1)在過(guò)去不確定時(shí)間里發(fā)生的并與現(xiàn)在有著某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，體現(xiàn)的是影響或結(jié)果。
（2）動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)
主+have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)分
注意其肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)變化，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)律（略）。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Already,yet,just,recently,so far,for,since,up to now,in the past 2 years.
I’ve worked in the company for 2 years.
(1)如果完成時(shí)句子中后跟(for+一般時(shí)間）時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;但如若后面未跟一段時(shí)間則可以用短暫性動(dòng)詞；如果完成句是否定句且謂語(yǔ)是短暫性動(dòng)詞，則后可跟一段時(shí)間。
They’ve come to visit us from time to time.
(2)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換
borrow→keep(have)
come back→be back
He died 5 years ago.
He has been dead for 5 years.
He left his hometown many years ago
He has been away for many years.
4.相關(guān)難點(diǎn)
（1）have gone(to)have been(to)
(2)完成時(shí)與since(從句)
一般since從句中用的都是短暫性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。
He has been ill since I saw him last.
(3)如若since從句中用的是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的過(guò)去時(shí)，則含義不同，其表示從句動(dòng)作的完成或結(jié)束。
The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.
The house has been in bad repair since he moved out.
I haven’t eaten snails since I was a student at Indiana University.
I haven’t eaten snails since I left Indiana University.
(4)如若since從句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)間，通常要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
He has written to me frequenthy since I was ill.
自從病愈以來(lái)……
He has written to me frequenthy since I have been ill.
自從我生病以來(lái)……
I haven’t seen you since I’ve been back.
I haven’t seen you since I was back.
(5)區(qū)別
The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.
The house has been in bad repair since he has lived in it.
He has stayed here for 3 hours.
He stayed here (since) 3 hours ago.
He has stayed here since 3 O’clock.
(6)在表示“第……次做某事”時(shí)常使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It’s the 1st good meal I’ve had for ages.
It’s the 3rd time this has happened.
It’ll be the 1st time I’ve spoken in public.
(7)如果It之后的be動(dòng)詞用的是was,則that分句中通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
It was the 1st time he hadn’t worked on Saturday.
It was the 1st time she’d been at a summer school and she thoroughly enjoyed it.
2011年自考一次過(guò)關(guān)秘訣！點(diǎn)擊查看>>
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.基本用法
(1)在過(guò)去不確定時(shí)間里發(fā)生的并與現(xiàn)在有著某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，體現(xiàn)的是影響或結(jié)果。
（2）動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)
主+have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)分
注意其肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)變化，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)律（略）。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Already,yet,just,recently,so far,for,since,up to now,in the past 2 years.
I’ve worked in the company for 2 years.
(1)如果完成時(shí)句子中后跟(for+一般時(shí)間）時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;但如若后面未跟一段時(shí)間則可以用短暫性動(dòng)詞；如果完成句是否定句且謂語(yǔ)是短暫性動(dòng)詞，則后可跟一段時(shí)間。
They’ve come to visit us from time to time.
(2)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換
borrow→keep(have)
come back→be back
He died 5 years ago.
He has been dead for 5 years.
He left his hometown many years ago
He has been away for many years.
4.相關(guān)難點(diǎn)
（1）have gone(to)have been(to)
(2)完成時(shí)與since(從句)
一般since從句中用的都是短暫性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。
He has been ill since I saw him last.
(3)如若since從句中用的是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的過(guò)去時(shí)，則含義不同，其表示從句動(dòng)作的完成或結(jié)束。
The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.
The house has been in bad repair since he moved out.
I haven’t eaten snails since I was a student at Indiana University.
I haven’t eaten snails since I left Indiana University.
(4)如若since從句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)間，通常要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
He has written to me frequenthy since I was ill.
自從病愈以來(lái)……
He has written to me frequenthy since I have been ill.
自從我生病以來(lái)……
I haven’t seen you since I’ve been back.
I haven’t seen you since I was back.
(5)區(qū)別
The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.
The house has been in bad repair since he has lived in it.
He has stayed here for 3 hours.
He stayed here (since) 3 hours ago.
He has stayed here since 3 O’clock.
(6)在表示“第……次做某事”時(shí)常使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It’s the 1st good meal I’ve had for ages.
It’s the 3rd time this has happened.
It’ll be the 1st time I’ve spoken in public.
(7)如果It之后的be動(dòng)詞用的是was,則that分句中通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
It was the 1st time he hadn’t worked on Saturday.
It was the 1st time she’d been at a summer school and she thoroughly enjoyed it.
2011年自考一次過(guò)關(guān)秘訣！點(diǎn)擊查看>>