表示"這個(gè)"、"那個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞叫做指示代詞。
指示代詞有：this這個(gè)，that那個(gè)，these這些，those那些，it那個(gè)，這個(gè)，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同樣的，同樣的事物。
指示代詞this，these，that，those在句中的功用
指示代詞this，these，that，those在句中的用法相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如：
This is a plane，這是一架飛機(jī)。(作主語(yǔ))
Oh，it's not that.噢，問(wèn)題不在那兒。(作表語(yǔ))
How do you like these?你喜歡這些嗎?(作賓語(yǔ))
This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.這是一本關(guān)于中醫(yī)的書。(作定語(yǔ))
指示代詞ins，these，that， those的其它用法
1)This (these)常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物，that(those)則常用來(lái)指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。如：
This is a sickle and that is an axe.這是一把鐮刀，那是一把斧子。
These days are cold.這些天很冷。
In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里，窮人生活很苦。
2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this和these則指下面將要講到的事物。如：
I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我傷風(fēng)很厲害，所以我沒有來(lái)。
Those two statements are not true.那兩種說(shuō)法是不真實(shí)的。
What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning English.我所要說(shuō)的是：語(yǔ)音在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。
chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words："A great life A glorious death"毛主席用下面的話表彰劉胡蘭："生的偉大，死的光榮。"
3)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到過(guò)的名詞，?？捎?span lang="EN-US">that或those代替。如：
The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈陽(yáng)的氣候跟北京的一樣好。(that代替climate)
The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.這個(gè)縣1987年的糧食產(chǎn)量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京出產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)和上海的一樣好。(those代替television sets)
4)This和that有時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)用，表示"程度"，意謂"這么"和"那么"。如：
The book is about this thick.那本書大約有這么厚。
I don't want that much.我不要那么多。
It指人時(shí)亦用作指示代詞。指示代詞it在漢語(yǔ)中不必譯出。
如：
Who is it?――it's me.是誰(shuí)?--是我。
Oh, it's you，Lao Wang.哦，是你呀，老王。
Such和same也是指示代詞，其單、復(fù)數(shù)的形式相同。它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米鳎?span lang="EN-US">
1)定語(yǔ)
The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外賓說(shuō)他們從來(lái)沒有看過(guò)這樣美麗的城市。
We are not talking about the same thing.我們談的不是一回事。
[注] such作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞之前如有不定冠詞，這個(gè)不定冠詞應(yīng)放在Such之后，如上面第一例。
2)相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。
Such were his words.這就是他講的話。(作主語(yǔ))
The same can be said of the Other article.另一篇文章也是同樣情況。(作主語(yǔ))
Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么，就從抽屜里拿吧。(作賓語(yǔ))
His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表語(yǔ))
[注]注意在same之前一般須用定冠詞the。