指示代詞概說(shuō)

字號(hào):


    表示"這個(gè)"、"那個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞叫做指示代詞。
    指示代詞有:this這個(gè),that那個(gè),these這些,those那些,it那個(gè),這個(gè),Such如此的,如此的事物,same同樣的,同樣的事物。
    指示代詞thisthese,that,those在句中的功用
    指示代詞this,these,that,those在句中的用法相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞,可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如:
    This is a plane,這是一架飛機(jī)。(作主語(yǔ))
    Ohit's not that.噢,問(wèn)題不在那兒。(作表語(yǔ))
    How do you like these?你喜歡這些嗎?(作賓語(yǔ))
    This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.這是一本關(guān)于中醫(yī)的書。(作定語(yǔ))
    指示代詞insthese,that, those的其它用法
    1)This (these)常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物,that(those)則常用來(lái)指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。如:
    This is a sickle and that is an axe.這是一把鐮刀,那是一把斧子。
    These days are cold.這些天很冷。
    In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里,窮人生活很苦。
    2)有時(shí)thatthose指前面講到過(guò)的事物,thisthese則指下面將要講到的事物。如:
    I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我傷風(fēng)很厲害,所以我沒有來(lái)。
    Those two statements are not true.那兩種說(shuō)法是不真實(shí)的。
    What I want to say is thisPronunciation is very important in learning English.我所要說(shuō)的是:語(yǔ)音在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。
    chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words"A great life A glorious death"毛主席用下面的話表彰劉胡蘭:"生的偉大,死的光榮。"
    3)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到過(guò)的名詞,??捎?span lang="EN-US">thatthose代替。如:
    The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈陽(yáng)的氣候跟北京的一樣好。(that代替climate)
    The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.這個(gè)縣1987年的糧食產(chǎn)量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)
    Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.南京出產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)和上海的一樣好。(those代替television sets)
    4)Thisthat有時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)用,表示"程度",意謂"這么""那么"。如:
    The book is about this thick.那本書大約有這么厚。
    I don't want that much.我不要那么多。
    It指人時(shí)亦用作指示代詞。指示代詞it在漢語(yǔ)中不必譯出。
    如:
    Who is it?――it's me.是誰(shuí)?--是我。
    Oh, it's youLao Wang.哦,是你呀,老王。
    Suchsame也是指示代詞,其單、復(fù)數(shù)的形式相同。它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米鳎?span lang="EN-US">
    1)定語(yǔ)
    The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外賓說(shuō)他們從來(lái)沒有看過(guò)這樣美麗的城市。
    We are not talking about the same thing.我們談的不是一回事。
    [] such作定語(yǔ)時(shí),它所修飾的名詞之前如有不定冠詞,這個(gè)不定冠詞應(yīng)放在Such之后,如上面第一例。
    2)相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。
    Such were his words.這就是他講的話。(作主語(yǔ))
    The same can be said of the Other article.另一篇文章也是同樣情況。(作主語(yǔ))
    Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么,就從抽屜里拿吧。(作賓語(yǔ))
    His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表語(yǔ))
    []注意在same之前一般須用定冠詞the