[英語語法手冊]助動詞
1)英語常用的助動詞(auxiliary verb)有shall，will，should，would，be，have，do等。助動詞一般無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語動詞。助動詞在句中的作用，在于幫助構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)等。如：
China has entered a great new era. 中國已進(jìn)入了一個偉大的新時期。(幫助構(gòu)成完成時態(tài))
Some boys are playing on the grass. 一些男孩正在草地上玩。 (幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài))
Mother is written by Gorky. 《母親》是高爾基寫的。 (幫助構(gòu)成被動語態(tài))
We Shall have the football match if it does not rain.如果不下雨，我們就賽足球。(幫助構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)和否定結(jié)構(gòu))
Do you see my point? 你明白我的意思嗎?(幫助構(gòu)成疑問結(jié)構(gòu))
[注]在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，not須放在助動詞后面。
2)助動詞加not一般都有簡略式，用于口語中。如：
is not-isn't would not--wouldn't
are not--aren't [B:nt] have not--haven't
was not -- wasn't has not--hasn't
were not-- weren't [wE:nt] had not--hadn't
shall not--shan't [FB:nt] do not--don't [dEunt]
will not--won't [wEunt] does not--doesn't
should not--shouldn't did not--didn't
be