[英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法手冊(cè)]虛擬語(yǔ)氣 F

字號(hào):


    虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法
    虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在主語(yǔ)從句中
    It is natural(necessary,strange,important) that...這類句型里,that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用should加動(dòng)詞原形。如:
    It is quite natural that he should think so.他這樣想是很自然的事。
    It is strange that he Should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他沒有通知我們就走掉了。
    It is necessary that the question should be settled at once.必須馬上解決這個(gè)問題。
    It is important that we should speak politely. 我們說(shuō)話要有禮貌,這是很重要的。
    It is imperative that we should practise criticism and self-criti - cism. 應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行批評(píng)與自我批評(píng)。
    虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在賓語(yǔ)從句中
    下列兩種賓語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:
    1)在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句(常常省去連詞that),表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。從句中的動(dòng)詞如用過去式,則表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反(如下面第一、二例句);如用過去完成式,則表示與過去事實(shí)相反(如下面第三、四例句)。如:
    I wish I were a pilot.但愿我是個(gè)飛行員。
    I wish I knew how to operate the machine.我要是會(huì)操作這架機(jī)器該有多好啊! (= I'm sorry I don't know.)
    I wish he hadn't gone.他要是沒走該多好!(= I'm sorry he has gone.)
    We wish you had come to our New Year's party.我們真希望你來(lái)參加我們的新年聯(lián)歡會(huì)。(= but you did not)
    動(dòng)詞wish如果是過去式,后面賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式不變,仍用過去式或過去完成式。如:
    She wished she knew how to play golf. 她但愿會(huì)打高爾夫球。 (和過去事實(shí)相反)
    I wished I hadn't been so forgetful. Then I shouldn't have missed the concert.我要是不這樣忘事該多好,那我就不會(huì)不去聽音樂會(huì)。(和過去的過去的事實(shí)相反)
    []有時(shí)在賓語(yǔ)從句中可用wouldmight加動(dòng)詞原形,表示有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。如:.
    I wish he,might stay with me.我希望他和我住在一起。
    He wishes I would go with him.他希望我和他一起去。
    I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安靜一些。
    2)動(dòng)詞demand(要求)suggest(建議),order (命令),insist(堅(jiān)持),propose(建議)等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句,用should(用于所有的人稱)加動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:
    I suggest that we should hold a meeting tonight.我建議今晚開個(gè)會(huì)。
    The chairman proposed that we Should discuss the question.主席提議我們討論這個(gè)問題。
    Most students insist that they should have more English classes. 多數(shù)同學(xué)堅(jiān)持要多上英語(yǔ)課。
    []這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往可不用should,尤其在美國(guó),只用動(dòng)詞原形(用于所有的人稱)。如上面三例只用holddiscusshave,不用should hold,should discussshould have。又如:
    I suggest that we make a new expertinent.我建議進(jìn)行新的試驗(yàn)。
    I propose that the matter be put the vote at once.我提議把這個(gè)問題馬上付表決。
    虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在狀語(yǔ)從句中
    as ifas though所引導(dǎo)的狀浯從句表示比較或方式時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。動(dòng)詞形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式(bewere)had + 過去分詞。如:
    My mother locked after the orphan as if he were her own child. 我母親照料這個(gè)孤兒像自己孩子一樣。
    You speak as if you had really been there.你談得好像你真的到過那里似的。
    注意下面句中的as if從句用作表語(yǔ)。如:
    It looks as if it might rain,天好像要下雨似的。
    []連詞lestin case所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例見15.3315.30