定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞that的用法
1)在既指人又指事物的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的先行詞后面。例如：
They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.
2)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中有形容詞最高級(jí)的先行詞后面。例如：
He is the best student that I have ever met.
3)在以“It is……”,“It was……”等開(kāi)頭的強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，和相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)句中。如：
What is it that he wants?
4)在only, all, little的后面
This is all that I know.
5)在no, every, some和any等詞后面，也包括在它們的復(fù)合詞在內(nèi)。如：
There is no person that is always in the right.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
近義詞辨析
beautiful, good-looking, handsome, lovely, pretty
這組詞均含有“美麗”、“漂亮”、“可愛(ài)”的意思。
beautiful
指能不僅給人帶來(lái)感官上的快樂(lè)，而且通過(guò)感官產(chǎn)生思想和靈魂的愉悅，在同類詞中層次最高。
She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我記憶中的她更漂亮了。
good-looking
不如handsome, pretty意思強(qiáng)烈，指一般的“好看”或“悅目”。
That good-looking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那個(gè)長(zhǎng)相不錯(cuò)的年輕人一星期光顧一兩次。
handsome
通常是一種客觀的不帶感情色彩的評(píng)價(jià)。一個(gè)人如被形容為handsome,是指此人外貌符合觀察者的要求，但不激發(fā)更深層的感受。
He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西裝顯得非常英俊。
lovely
比感官的快樂(lè)更進(jìn)一步，是強(qiáng)調(diào)純粹情感上的愉悅，指覺(jué)得某人或某物“可愛(ài)”。
Mary has two lovely daughters.瑪麗有兩個(gè)可愛(ài)的女兒。
pretty
“漂亮、可愛(ài)”的意思。很少形容大而有影響力的事物，多形容事物不以其優(yōu)秀、完美而以小巧、優(yōu)雅、精致見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)，使人容易接受并喜愛(ài)。
Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友覺(jué)得她是鎮(zhèn)上最漂亮的女孩。
全真模擬試題
1. Evidence came up ____ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. whose
2. I understand ____ preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.
A. more than the enormous amount of
B. better than most the enormous number of
C. better than most the enormous amount of
D. fewer than the number of
3. I'm sure your suggestion will ____ the problem.
A. contribute to solving
B. be contributed to solve
C. contribute to solve
D. be contributed to solving
4. In 1840, both Lucretian Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton resented ______ proper seating at the World's Antislavery convention in London because of their sex.
A. refusingB. to be refused
C. being refusedD. having refused
5. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ____ before the West was settled.
A. couldB. didC.wouldD. was
6. You should have put the milk into the icebox, I expect it ____undrinkable.
A. becameB.had become
C. has becomeD. becomes
7. It's no good ____ him. He is always indifferent towards others' matters.
A. to turn toB. turning toC. turn toD. turned to
8. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure ____
A. than more on efficiency
B. and more on efficiency
C. and more efficiency
D. than efficiency
9. She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children ____ it by mistake.
A. tookB. should takeC. had takenD. would take
10. The earnings of women are well below that of men ____educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.
A. althoughB.thoughC. despite ofD. in spite of
11. Many automobile accidents were ____ careless driving.
A. attributed toB. resulted in
C. contributed toD. raised from
12. The actress wanted a hat to ____ her dress.
A. go byB. go throughC. go outD. go with
13. It takes a lot of____ to put on a school play such as King Lear.
A. organization B. arrangement
C. managementD. preparation
14. The police carried out a(n)____ search for the mising boy.
A. completeB. entireC. thoroughD. whole
15. The ____ crown jewels are kept in the Tower of London.
A. valuedB. valuelessC. invaluableD. usable
16. Tom has been a vegetarian ____ principle for years.
A. inB.onC. forD. by
17. When I got out of the car and walked about among them, ____one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer.
A. see that B. except that
C.provided thatD. except for
18. ____ the water left in the kettle, the doctor put several things he unwrapped from a handkerchief.
A. AtB.ToC. WithinD. Into
19. I am ____ grateful for the many kindnesses you have shown my son.
A. excessivelyB. muchC. certainlyD. exceedingly
20. The ____ of AIDS has led to an expansion in research seeking a cure.
A. innovationB. selectionC. proliferationD. conviction
21. I am sorry I have no time at present to ____ more detail or give you an account of other cities of interest.
A. bring intoB. take intoC. come intoD. go into
22. When the idea of winning in sports is carried to excess, ____competition can turn into disorder and violence.
A. honestlyB. honestC. honorableD. honorary
23. Unless all the members agree to____ to the plan there may be further development in the course of action.
A. tumbleB. stickC. comeD. adjust
24. You must pay import ____ on certain goods brought into this country.
A. moneyB. feesC. billsD. duties
25. We expect Mr. White will ____ Class One when Miss Jane retires.
A. take overB. take upC. take offD. take to
試題答案與解析
1. B)「句意」有證據(jù)表明，小至六個(gè)月的嬰兒就能識(shí)別具體的聲音。
「難點(diǎn)」evidence后面的同位語(yǔ)從句被全句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞came up隔開(kāi)，同位語(yǔ)從句須由that引導(dǎo)，所以B)項(xiàng)正確。
2. C)「句意」我比多數(shù)人更能理解員工們?cè)谧詈笃谙薜膲毫ο滤龅拇罅繙?zhǔn)備工作。
「難點(diǎn)」understand better than……意為“對(duì)…非常理解”。preparation是不可數(shù)名詞，須用amount修飾，故選C)。
3. A)「句意」我相信你的建議將有助于問(wèn)題的解決。
「難點(diǎn)」contribute to意為“有助于，促成”，to是介詞，所以后面應(yīng)接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，故選A)。
4. C)「句意」1840年，露克里蒂安?莫特和伊麗莎白?凱蒂?斯坦頓因?yàn)樗麄兊男詣e而沒(méi)有得到倫敦世界廢奴大會(huì)的席位，他們對(duì)此表示憤慨。
「難點(diǎn)」resent后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意的要求，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，故選C)。
5. B)「句意」作為一個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，美國(guó)將不再具有開(kāi)拓西部前所具有的那種冒險(xiǎn)精神。
「難點(diǎn)」從意義來(lái)看，空格應(yīng)填had,但主句中have是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，為避免重復(fù)，可用助動(dòng)詞do替代，即用did替代had,故B)為答案。
6. C)「句意」你本該把牛奶放到冰里。我想現(xiàn)在這牛奶不能喝了。
「難點(diǎn)」從句意分析，牛奶已經(jīng)變質(zhì)，不能喝了，屬過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響，再加上by now是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的典型時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故選C)
7. B)「句意」向他求助沒(méi)用，他對(duì)別人的事總是漠不關(guān)心。
「難點(diǎn)」It is no good doing sth是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的句型，意為“做…沒(méi)用”，no good后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞形式。
8. B)「句意」有些公司采用彈性工作時(shí)間制，更注重效率，而不是壓力。
「難點(diǎn)」pressure和efficiency處于并列的位置，所以正確答案是B)。and more on efficiency,即more(emphasis) on efficiency.
9. B)「句意」她總是把自己的藥放到擱架上以免孩子錯(cuò)拿。
「難點(diǎn)」lest意為“以免”，后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣should 動(dòng)詞原形。
10. D)「句意」盡管兩性之間所受教育的差別正在縮小，婦女的收入仍大大低于男人的收入。
「難點(diǎn)」四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有in spite of后可接名詞，despite不能和of連用，although和though是連詞，后接從句。
11. A)「句意」許多汽車交通事故都起因于莽撞駕車。
「難點(diǎn)」attribute to意為“把…歸因于;contribute to意為”有助于，促成“;result in意為”導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果造成“;raise from不是固定搭配。
12. D)「句意」那個(gè)女演員想要一個(gè)與她的連衣裙相配的帽子。
「難點(diǎn)」go with意為“與…相配”;go by意為“根據(jù)…作出判斷”;gothrough意為“通過(guò);經(jīng)歷”;go out意為“過(guò)時(shí)”。
13. A)「句意」上演《李爾王》這樣一部校園劇需要大量的組織工作。
「難點(diǎn)」organization意為“組織(行為)”;arrangement意為“安排”;management意為“經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理”;preparation意為“準(zhǔn)備(狀態(tài));準(zhǔn)備工作”。
14. C)「句意」警方為尋找失蹤的男孩進(jìn)行了一次徹底搜尋。
「難點(diǎn)」thorough意為“徹底的”;complete意為“完全的，全部的”;entire意為“整個(gè)的，全部的”;whole意為“全體的，全部的”。
15. C)「句意」那些無(wú)價(jià)的皇冠珠寶保存在倫敦塔里。
「難點(diǎn)」invaluable意為“非常寶貴的，無(wú)價(jià)的”;valued意為“受重視的;寶貴的”;valueless意為“沒(méi)有價(jià)值的，毫無(wú)用處的”;usable意為“可用的，能用的”。
16. B)「句意」多年來(lái)，湯姆一直是一個(gè)按原則行事的素食者。
「難點(diǎn)」on principle意為“根據(jù)行為準(zhǔn)則;按照原則”;in principle意為“原則上;基本上;大體上”。for和by不與principle搭配。
17. D)「句意」當(dāng)我下車走在他們中間的時(shí)候，除了一個(gè)老頭不滿地?fù)u了搖頭，大家都開(kāi)始?xì)g呼。
「難點(diǎn)」except for意為“除…以外”，后接名詞;see that意為“留意…;負(fù)責(zé)…;務(wù)必…”;except that意為“除去…之外”后接句子;provided that意為“倘若，在…條件下”。
18. D)「句意」那位醫(yī)生打開(kāi)手帕里包著的幾樣?xùn)|西，放入了壺內(nèi)剩下的水里。
「難點(diǎn)」為強(qiáng)調(diào)放入水中，把地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)放到了句首。
19. D)「句意」我非常感激你給我兒子的那么多照顧。
「難點(diǎn)」exceedingly意為“非常，極其”;excessively意為“過(guò)多地，過(guò)分地”;much常以too much,so much,very much的形式出現(xiàn);certainly意為“無(wú)疑地;一定”。
20. C)「句意」愛(ài)滋病的擴(kuò)散使得人們做更多的研究工作去尋找治療的方法。
「難點(diǎn)」proliferation意為“激增;擴(kuò)散”;innovation意為“革新，創(chuàng)新”;selection意為“選擇;選拔”;conviction意為“定罪，判罪”。
21. D)「句意」對(duì)不起，我眼下沒(méi)時(shí)間講得更細(xì)，也不能把其它旅游城市給你進(jìn)行一個(gè)描述。
「難點(diǎn)」go into意為“敘述;討論”;bring后面很少加into; take into和come into與本題意不符。
22. C)「句意」當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)發(fā)展到極端時(shí)，榮譽(yù)可能變成混亂和暴力。
「難點(diǎn)」honorable意為“榮譽(yù)的，光榮的”;honestly是副詞，意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)地”，不能修飾名詞，honest雖能修飾名詞，但其意義不合題意;honorary意為“(學(xué)位、稱號(hào)等)作為一種榮譽(yù)而授予的，名譽(yù)的”。
23. B)「句意」除非所有成員都同意堅(jiān)持這個(gè)計(jì)劃，否則行動(dòng)過(guò)程中會(huì)有進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)。
「難點(diǎn)」stick to意為“堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)守”;tumble to意為“突然察覺(jué)”;come to意為“降臨，發(fā)生”;adjust to意為“調(diào)整;適應(yīng)”。
24. D)「句意」帶入本國(guó)的某些商品要交進(jìn)口稅。
「難點(diǎn)」duties意為“稅，關(guān)稅”;bill意為“帳單”;fee意為“費(fèi)”。
25. A)「句意」我們希望珍妮小姐退休后，懷特先生能夠接管一班。
「難點(diǎn)」take over意為“接收，接管”;take up意為“開(kāi)始采用;采取，承擔(dān)”;take off意為“脫去;拿掉”;take to意為“開(kāi)始從事;開(kāi)始沉湎于”。