2014年英語(yǔ)專四考試詞匯語(yǔ)法題考前練兵(20)

字號(hào):


    Test Twenty
    近義詞辨析
    endure, bear, stand, tolerate, put up with
    這組詞都有“忍受,忍耐”之意。
    endure
    比較正式,尤指忍受大的、持久的困難、痛苦、災(zāi)禍,常用于否定意義的句子中。
    bear
    強(qiáng)調(diào)忍受者的堅(jiān)韌。
    stand
    意為“忍受,頂住”,多用于口語(yǔ)中,常用于否定句中,若用于肯定句,則意為“不屈不撓,經(jīng)受得起”。
    tolerate
    意為“容忍”,語(yǔ)氣較前幾個(gè)詞弱。
    put up with
    與tolerate意義相近,有“不計(jì)較,將就”之意,多用于口語(yǔ)。
    如:He quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage.他默默地忍受著沒(méi)有愛(ài)情的婚姻的煎熬。
    The sorrrow was almost more than she could bear.她幾乎忍受不了那種悲傷。
    I can’t stand hot weather.我受不了熱天。
    A government that refuses to tolerate opposition cannot last long.一個(gè)不聽(tīng)取反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的政府是不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久的。
    It’s hard for people to put up with that kind of treatment.人們很難忍受那種待遇。
    basis, base, foundation
    這組詞均含有“基礎(chǔ)”的意思。
    在表示意見(jiàn)或判斷的基礎(chǔ)時(shí),多用basis。在表示具體事物的基礎(chǔ)或底部時(shí),可用base或foundation,但不能用basis。base既可用于大物體也可用于小物體,而foundation只用于大物體,且多描述在地下的比較宏偉堅(jiān)固的地基。如:
    We reached this conclusion on the basis of many experiments.在多次實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,我們作出了這個(gè)結(jié)論。
    I found a small leaf at the base of the flower.我在那朵花的底部發(fā)現(xiàn)一片小葉。
    The workmen are laying the foundation of the new lecture building.工人們正在為新教學(xué)樓打地基。
    全真模擬試題
    1. If only the arbitration court ?____? the dispute.
    A. resolve B. will resolve
    C. can resolve D. would resolve
    2. I advise you ?____? of ?____? out such a dangerous plan.
    A. to stop to think... carry
    B. to stop thinking... carrying
    C. to stop thinking... carry
    D. to stop thinking... to carry
    3. She bought ?____? plates.
    A. one dozen beautiful pale blue dinner
    B. one dozen pale blue beautiful dinner
    C. beautiful one dozen pale blue dinner
    D. one dozen dinner beautiful pale blue
    4. More and more advanced farm machines ?____? , the agricultural production increased tremendously.
    A. using B. having used
    C. having been used D. to have been used
    5. I think you are supposed ?____? your graduate study last year.
    A. to be finishing B. to have finished
    C. to finish D. to have been finished
    6. The paper ?____? several persons are risking their lives is an important report on missiles.
    A. after which B. for which
    C. with which D. at which
    7. The actress is not so beautiful ?____? the press described in advance.
    A. that B. which C. as D. what
    8. The protection device can eliminate the faults ?____?they cause more damage.
    A. unless B. until C. before D. although
    9. All ?____? is peace and progress.
    A. what is needed B. for our needs
    C. the thing needed D. that is needed
    10. ?____? he was aware ofthe real meaning of life.
    A. That was from that book
    B. It was that book which
    C. It was from that book that
    D. It was that book that
    11. I hope you will never fall into that ?____?.
    A. mistake B. fault C. error D. defect
    12. Then the ?____? streamed into the great hall.
    A. group B. crowd C. gang D. masses
    13. Once a ?____? is formed it is very difficult to shake it off.
    A. habit B. custom C. practice D. usage
    14. My husband likes early American furniture, but I prefer ?____?styles, designs that reflect today’s times.
    A. noble B. neutral
    C. contemporary D. simple
    15. For many people, overeating and overspending are as ?____?to Christmas as candles and holly.
    A. integral B. suitable C. inevitable D. compatible
    16. When my kids go a weekend without pizza and TV while camping, they think they are suffering great ?____?.
    A. deficiency B. deprivation
    C. depression D. starvation
    17. The police have asked for the?____? of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the missing boy.
    A. cooperation B.advice C. helpfulness D. aid
    18. She murmured something and blushed as if a secret had been ?____?.
    A. imposed B. exposed C. removed D. renewed
    19. Your service is entirely ?____? , not compulsory.
    A. selective B. optional C. voluntary D. reluctant
    20. Their distribution is also ?____?, sometimes, widely spaced, in places, closely packed together.
    A. various B. alternative C. variable D. conventional
    21. Food and drink are good and desirable, but their ?____?can cause serious health and mental problems.
    A. effect B. abuse C. custom D. usage
    22. I called on him the morning after our arrival, and was ?____?with his gay, precise manner and obvious power of decision.
    A. inclined B. implied
    C. impressed D. illustrated
    23. The trade agreement between the two countries will ?____?next year.
    A. adjoin B. expire C. boost D. concede
    24. Two boys were caught smoking at school but the headmaster let them ?____? with a warning.
    A. off B. down C. out D. alone
    25. Advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ?____?to the total cost of the product.
    A. testimony B. relationship C. proportion D. legislation
    試題答案與解析
    1. A)【句意】但愿仲裁庭解決這些爭(zhēng)議。
    【難點(diǎn)】If only意為“只要,但愿”,后邊引出的句子往往用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反或?qū)?lái)不可能發(fā)生的事情時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常采用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
    2. B)【句意】我建議你不要想著去執(zhí)行這樣危險(xiǎn)的計(jì)劃。
    【難點(diǎn)】advise 一般用于句型“advise(sb)that 或advise sb to do sth,意為“建議…做”。stop后跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞時(shí),意為“不再做某事,停止正做的事”。如果stop后跟動(dòng)詞不定式,則表示停止一件事情而開(kāi)始做另一件事情。所以只有答案B)正確。
    3. A)【句意】她買了十二個(gè)漂亮的淺藍(lán)色餐碟。
    4. C)【句意】由于使用了越來(lái)越多的先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量大幅提高。
    【難點(diǎn)】本句的原因狀語(yǔ)采用現(xiàn)在分詞表示獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),由于主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致,故在作狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞之前加了其邏輯主語(yǔ)more and more advanced farm machines ;從時(shí)間上看,產(chǎn)量的提高發(fā)生在使用先進(jìn)機(jī)械之后,所以需要用完成時(shí),而且必須構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)才能夠闡述所要表達(dá)的意思。
    5. B)【句意】我認(rèn)為你去年就應(yīng)該完成研究生學(xué)業(yè)。
    【難點(diǎn)】be supposed to 相當(dāng)于should,后跟完成時(shí),表示一種與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
    6. B)【句意】好多人冒著生命危險(xiǎn)試圖得到的那份文件是一份有關(guān)導(dǎo)彈的重要報(bào)告。
    【難點(diǎn)】for 作為介詞,后跟名詞,代詞或動(dòng)名詞,往往表示某一動(dòng)作或行為的目標(biāo)或試圖獲得的東西。
    7. C)【句意】這位女演員并沒(méi)有報(bào)界事先描述的那么漂亮。
    【難點(diǎn)】so(as)+adj/adv.+as 用于同級(jí)比較,意為“像…樣…”。
    8. C)【句意】該保護(hù)裝置能夠在故障造成更大的損壞之前將其消除。
    【難點(diǎn)】unless意為“如果不,除非”,相當(dāng)于if not ,用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。until意為“直到”,由until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,所對(duì)應(yīng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。before意為“在…之前。 although意為“雖然,盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
    9. D)【句意】人們要求的就是和平與發(fā)展。
    【難點(diǎn)】all 后如果跟定語(yǔ)從句,則關(guān)系代詞為that。
    10. C)【句意】正是通過(guò)那本書(shū),他才懂得了生活的真諦。
    【難點(diǎn)】本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句的常用形式之一為“it+is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that分句”。
    11. C)【句意】我希望你別再犯那樣的錯(cuò)誤。
    【難點(diǎn)】error意為“失誤,(行為,信仰的)錯(cuò)誤”,fall into error意為“誤入歧途”;mistake意為“錯(cuò)誤,過(guò)失;誤解”;fault 意為“缺點(diǎn),過(guò)失,小毛病”;defect意為“缺陷,缺點(diǎn)”。
    12. B)【句意】然后人群涌入了大廳。
    【難點(diǎn)】crowd意為“群,人群”;group“小組,群”;gang意為“(勞動(dòng)者的)一隊(duì),一組”;mass意為“群眾,大眾”。
    13. A)【句意】習(xí)慣一旦形成,很難改掉。
    【難點(diǎn)】habit 意為“癖好,(個(gè)人的)習(xí)慣,習(xí)性”;custom 意為“習(xí)俗,慣例”;practice 意為“慣例,常規(guī)”;usage也有“習(xí)俗,習(xí)慣,慣例”之意,但不太常用。
    14. C)【句意】我丈夫喜歡美國(guó)早期家具,可我倒是喜歡反映當(dāng)代的現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的設(shè)計(jì)。
    【難點(diǎn)】contemporary 意為“當(dāng)代的”;noble 意為“高尚的,崇高的”;neutral意為“淡色的,中色的”;simple意為“無(wú)裝飾的,樸素的;簡(jiǎn)樸的”。
    15. A)【句意】對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō),多吃和多花就像蠟燭和冬青一樣成為圣誕節(jié)必不可少的一部分。
    【難點(diǎn)】integral 意為“構(gòu)成整體所必需的,缺一不可的”;inevitable意不“不可避免的,必然發(fā)生的”;suitable意為“合適的,適宜的”;compatible意為“和諧共處的,相容的;符合的”。
    16. B)【句意】我的孩子在宿營(yíng)的時(shí)候要是一周不吃比薩餅,不看電視,他們就會(huì)認(rèn)為損失太大。
    【難點(diǎn)】deprivation意為“損失,喪失;匱乏”;deficiency意為“缺乏,不足”;depression意為“消沉;沮喪”;starvation意為“饑餓;餓死”。
    17. A)【句意】警方要求公眾合作追查失蹤男孩子的下落。
    【難點(diǎn)】cooperation意為“合作,協(xié)調(diào),配合”;advice意為“勸告,忠告”;helpfulness意為“有益,有用”;aid意為“幫助,援助,救護(hù)”。
    18. B)【句意】她喃喃自語(yǔ)了些什么,臉一紅,好像有個(gè)秘密被揭露似的。
    【難點(diǎn)】expose意為“揭露,揭穿,揭發(fā)”;impose意為“把…強(qiáng)加于”;remove意為“移開(kāi),挪走,拿去”;renew意為“更換,把…更新”。
    19. C)【句意】您的服務(wù)完全是自愿的,而不是義務(wù)性的。
    【難點(diǎn)】voluntary 意為“自愿的,志愿的”;selective意為“選擇的,選擇性的”;optional意為“隨意的,任選的”;reluctant意為“不情愿的,勉強(qiáng)的”。
    20. C)【句意】它們的分布也是反復(fù)無(wú)常的,有時(shí)間距很大,在有些地方,又緊密地貼在一塊。
    【難點(diǎn)】variable“易變的,多變的,反復(fù)無(wú)常的”;various 意為“不同的,各種各樣的”;alternative 意為“供選擇的,供替代的”;conventional意為“習(xí)慣的,慣例的”。
    21. B)【句意】食品和飲品人們都渴望得到,但是暴飲暴食會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的健康問(wèn)題和精神問(wèn)題。
    【難點(diǎn)】abuse 意為“濫用,虐待”;effect意為“效力,影響”;custom意為“社會(huì)習(xí)俗,慣例”;usage意為“用法,慣用法”。
    22. C)【句意】我們到達(dá)后的那個(gè)早晨拜訪了他,并對(duì)他那令人愉悅的得體舉止和明顯的決斷力留下很深印象。
    【難點(diǎn)】impress意為“給…深刻印象,使感動(dòng)”;incline意為“(性格上)傾向,贊同,喜好”;imply意為“暗指,暗示”;illustrate 意為“說(shuō)明,闡明,表明”。
    23. B)【句意】?jī)蓢?guó)間的貿(mào)易協(xié)定將于明年到期。
    【難點(diǎn)】expire意為“滿期,屆滿,(期限)終止,成為無(wú)效”; adjoin意為“鄰接,與…毗連”;boost 意為“推動(dòng),提高,增強(qiáng)”;concede意為“容許,授予,讓與”。
    24. A)【句意】?jī)擅猩趯W(xué)校抽煙的時(shí)候被校長(zhǎng)抓到,可是校長(zhǎng)只是警告了他們,然后把他們放過(guò)了。
    【難點(diǎn)】let off 意為“放過(guò),寬恕,對(duì)…從輕處理”; let down意為“使人失望”;let out 意為“發(fā)泄,放開(kāi)”; let alone意為“更不必說(shuō),不管”。
    25. C)【句意】廣告成本不再和產(chǎn)品全部成本成正比。
    【難點(diǎn)】in proportion to 意為“與…成正比例”; testimony意為“證據(jù);證明”;relationship意為“關(guān)系,關(guān)聯(lián)”;legislation意為“立法,法規(guī)”。