2014年英語專四考試詞匯語法題考前練兵(36)

字號:


    Test Thirty-Six
    近義詞辨析
    long, wish, desire, hope, expect
    這組詞都含有“希望”之意。
    long
    意為“渴望,盼望”,常與for搭配使用,有較強的感情色彩,表示對某一事物抱有熱切的“希望”或強烈的“向往”。
    wish
    作“希望,渴望”講,是一般用語,常用于表達過去的遺憾,對不可能達到的目標的渴求,此時常為虛擬語氣。另外,還可指對別人的祝愿。
    desire
    意為“希望,渴望”,是正式用語,語氣強于wish,指懷著急切的心情,強烈地盼望著達到某種目的,而這種殷切的希望經(jīng)多方努力是可以實現(xiàn)的。
    hope
    作“希望,盼望”講,指人期待或渴望有一定指望的事物,這種期待可能實現(xiàn)也可能實現(xiàn)不了,但常含有充滿信心之意。
    expect
    表示“希望,期待”,指有一定的把握認為某人會做某事并期待著這種可能性的實現(xiàn)。
    She longed to go back to the laboratory.她渴望能回到實驗室。
    What I like is chewing gum. I wish I had some now.我喜歡的是口香糖,真希望我現(xiàn)在有些口香糖。
    Have you got everything that your heart desired?你一心向往的東西都有了嗎?
    He hoped that his extra effort on the essay would bring him a higher mark.他希望他在論文上作出的特殊努力將會使他得高分。
    If I tell you to come, I expect you to come.如果我讓你來,我就希望你來。
    result, consequence, effect, outcome
    這組詞均含有“結(jié)果”的意思,指事物最后呈現(xiàn)的一種局面。
    result
    是最普通的用詞,用途最廣,指很多效果、后果的綜合,帶有“最后結(jié)果”的意味。
    consequence
    這個詞帶有貶義,一般表示一種不好的結(jié)局,常譯為“后果”。
    effect
    與cause(原因,起因)相對,強調(diào)由某種原因直接或立即產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,可譯為“效果,效力,作用,影響”。
    outcome
    常譯為“結(jié)果,結(jié)局”,常指某項活動、比賽或者懸而未決的事情最后見分曉、見輸贏。
    The net result of our discussions was that she agreed to take this job.我們反復(fù)商量的最終結(jié)果是她同意接受這份工作。
    The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social consequences.高失業(yè)率已經(jīng)造成了不良的社會后果。
    The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales.這次廣告運動對銷售未能起到多大的作用。
    There were not many people who dared predict the outcome of the general election.沒有人敢預(yù)測大選的結(jié)果。
    全真模擬試題
    1. When Jack was eighteen he ?____? going around with a strange set ofpeople and staying out very late.
    A. took to B. took for C. took up D. took on
    2. He ?____? so much work that he couldn’t really do it efficiently.
    A. put on B. turned on C. brought on D. took on
    3. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is ?____? conditions and events.
    A. in response to B. in favor of
    C. in contrast to D. in excess of
    4. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will ?____? through the current law system in Japan.
    A. permeate B. probe C. violate D. grope
    5. I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be derived ?____? it.
    A. of B. off C. from D. with
    6. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to ?____? in the courtyard.
    A. assemble B. converge C. crowd D. accumulate
    7. He believed that the greatest of his ?____? was that he’d never had a college education.
    A. griefs B. misfortunes C. disasters D. sorrows
    8. The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six ?____? libraries specially serve the countryside.
    A. mobile B. drifting C. shifting D. rotating
    9. All our attempts to ?____? the child from drowning were in vain.
    A. regain B. recover C. reserve D. rescue
    10. The shop?assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of ?____? quality he’d tell them so.
    A. humble B. inferior C. minor D. awkward
    11. The new washing machines are ?____? at the rate offifty a day.
    A. turn up B. turn down C. turned out D. turned in
    12.?____? should any money be given to a small child.
    A. On no account B. From all accounts.
    C. Of no account D. By all accounts
    13. While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ?____?the nurse Florence Nightingale.
    A. in line with B. in favor of C. in honor of D. in place of
    14. Visitors are asked to ?____? with the regulations.
    A. contrast B. consult C. comply D. conflict
    15. He thought he could talk Mr.Robinson ?____? buyingsome expensive equipment.
    A. on B. of C. round D. into
    16. The republication of the poet’s most recent works certainly ?____? his national reputation.
    A. magnify B. strengthen C. enlarge D. enhance
    17. Although the two players are ?____? in the tennis court, they are really good friends.
    A. partners B. enemies C. rivals D.companions
    18. His body temperature has been ?____? for three days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.
    A. uncommon B. disordered C. abnormal D. extraordinary
    19. The final document was of course, supposed to mend the damage ?______? upon the world by the war.
    A. imposed B. impressed C. compelled D. compressed
    20. The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ?____? action.
    A. acute B. alert C. profound D. prompt
    21. The magician picked several persons ?____? from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
    A. by accident B. at random C. on occasion D.on average
    22. This is ?____? the most difficult job I have ever tackled.
    A. by rights B. by itself C. by oneself D. by far
    23. I left for the office earlier than usual this morning ?____?traffic jam.
    A. in line with B. for the sake of
    C. in case of D. at the risk of
    24. We ?____? Edison’s success to his intelligence and hard work.
    A. subject B. attribute C. owe D. refer
    25. In Britain, and on the continent too, the Japanese are sometimes viewed ?____? a threat to domestic industries.
    A. like B. with C. for D. as
    試題答案與解析
    1. A)【句意】杰克18歲時愿意跟一幫怪里怪氣的人混在一起,常常在外面呆到很晚才回來。
    【難點】take to意為“喜歡上”;take for意為“認為,誤以為”;take up意為“占據(jù)(時間、空間、注意力等)”;take on意為“承擔,呈現(xiàn)(面貌),具有(特征)”。
    2. D)【句意】他承擔的工作太多,以致于無法真正有效地進行。
    【難點】take on意為“承擔”; turn on意為“開(電燈、水源、煤氣等)”;bring on意為“引起,導(dǎo)致”;put on意為“穿上(衣服),增加(體重)。”
    3. A)【句意】大部分人類活動,特別是與周圍環(huán)境有關(guān)的活動,是對各種情況或事件的反應(yīng)。
    【難點】in response to意為“反應(yīng)”; in favour of意為“贊成,主張”;in contrast to意為“與…形成對照”; in excess of意為“超過”。
    4. A)【句意】上層社會對婦女在社會中地位的態(tài)度發(fā)生了明顯的變化,這種變化將對日本現(xiàn)行的法律體系產(chǎn)生影響。
    【難點】permeate意為“滲透”;violate意為“侵犯,玷污”;probe意為“探索”,作不及物動詞時可與介詞into搭配; grope意為“摸索,探索”,可與介詞for搭配。
    5. C)【句意】我得出的結(jié)論似乎令人沮喪,但我想或許能從中產(chǎn)生某種令人高興的東西。
    【難點】derive無論作及物動詞還是不及物動詞,都可與介詞from搭配,除表示起源之類的意思外,還可表示“取得,得到”等意思。
    6. A)【句意】如遇火警,要求全體居民在院子里集合。
    【難點】assemble意為“集合”;converge意為“會聚,集中(指向一共同點集中);crowd意為“擠滿,聚集(含有人群無秩序,人體互相碰擦的意思)”;accumulate意為“積累,積聚”。
    7. A) 【句意】他認為自己最大的不幸就是從未受過高等教育。
    【難點】grief意為“不幸的事,傷心的事(可數(shù)名詞,常指因所愛的人去世或其它原因造成的、使人感到悲痛或憂慮的事情)”。
    8. A)【句意】這家服務(wù)機構(gòu)在全國有36家圖書館,同時有6家專門為農(nóng)村服務(wù)的流動圖書館。
    【難點】mobile意為“流動的”;drifting意為“漂流的”;shifting意為“移動的(指位置或方向發(fā)生改變)”;rotating意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。
    9. D)【句意】搶救落水兒童的一切努力均未成功。
    【難點】rescue意為“搶救”;regain意為“重新獲得,恢復(fù)(健康,原職等)”;recover意為“(健康,力量,能力等)恢復(fù),痊愈”;reserve意為“保留,保存”。
    10. B)【句意】這位售貨員對顧客很坦率。如果商品質(zhì)量不好的話,他會如實告訴顧客的。
    【難點】inferior意為“次的,次于…的”;humble意為“卑賤的,地位低下的(只用于指人)”;minor意為“次要的”;awkward意為“棘手的,使用不便的”。
    11. C)【句意】新洗衣機以每天50臺的速度生產(chǎn)出來。
    【難點】turn out意為“生產(chǎn)”;turn up意為“開大(收音機、煤氣等)”;turn down意為“把…調(diào)低,拒絕”;turn in意為“上交”。
    12. A)【句意】絕不應(yīng)該給小孩子錢。
    【難點】on no account意為“絕不”;from all accounts和by all accounts意為“根據(jù)說法”,并非固定搭配,而of no account意為“絲毫不重要”是從成語of…account(“有…重要性”)演化而來的,account可加some, great, little, small等限定詞進行修飾,表示程度。
    13. C)【句意】在倫敦時,我們訪問了為紀念弗勞倫斯•南丁格爾護士而建立的醫(yī)院。
    【難點】in honor of意為“為…的榮譽”;in line with意為“與…一致”; in favor of意為“支持,贊成”;in place of意為“代替”。
    14. C)【句意】要求參觀者遵守規(guī)則。
    【難點】comply with意為“遵守”。其它三個詞都可與介詞with搭配:consult with意為“和…商量”;contrast with意為“與…形成對比”;conflict with意為“與…抵觸”。
    15. B)【句意】他想他能說服魯賓遜先生買一些昂貴的設(shè)備。
    【難點】除talk之外,還可用persuade或reason表達同一意思。另外,talk或reason sb. out of (doing) sth.意為“說服某人不做某事”。
    16. D)【句意】這位詩人新作再版無疑會提高他在國內(nèi)的知名度。
    【難點】enhance意為“提高”;magnify意為“放大,擴大(使某物看起來比本身大)”;strengthen意為“加強,變強(使身體強壯,使某物更加牢固,結(jié)實)”;enlarge意為“擴大(使某物變大,或變寬)”。
    17. C)【句意】這兩位網(wǎng)球選手場上是對手,場下是朋友。
    【難點】rivals意為“對手”;companion意為“同伴”;enemy意為“敵人”;partner為“搭檔,合伙人”。
    18. C)【句意】他的體溫一連三天都不正常,最高時達到40.5度。
    【難點】abnormal意為“不正常的”;uncommon意為“不尋常的”;disordered意為“失調(diào)的”;extraordinary意為“格外的”。
    19. A)【句意】最后的文件當然是彌合戰(zhàn)爭給世界造成的創(chuàng)傷。
    【難點】impose意為“強加”;impress意為“給…以深刻印象”;compel意為“強迫”;compress意為“壓縮”。
    20. D)【句意】迪克行動迅速地救起了落水兒童。
    【難點】acute意為“敏銳的,急性的”;alert意為“警覺的,警惕的”;profound意為“深奧的”。
    21. B)【句意】魔術(shù)師從觀眾中任意挑選了幾個人,要他們協(xié)助表演。
    【難點】at random意為“任意地”;by accident意為“偶然地”;on occasion意為“有時”;on average意為“平均”。
    22. D)【句意】這是我所干得最困難的工作。
    【難點】by far用來修飾最高級;by rights意為“按理”。B)、C)意均為“單獨地,獨自地”,前者指動物或東西,后者指人。
    23. C)【句意】今天早晨我上班比平時早,以防堵車。
    【難點】in case of意為“萬一,以防”;for the sake of意為“為了…(的利益)”;at the risk of意為“冒險”; in line with意為“與…一致”。
    24. B)【句意】我們把愛迪生的成就歸因于他的聰明才智及辛勤的勞動。
    【難點】attribute意為“把…歸因于”;owe to意為“應(yīng)該把…歸功于”;subject to意為“使服從,使受到”;refer to意為“查閱,涉及”。
    25. D)【句意】在英國,以及在歐洲大陸,有時人們把日本人看做是對本地工業(yè)的威脅。
    【難點】be viewed as意為“被看作…”,be viewed和其他三個介詞搭配不合適。