Test Thirty-Eight
近義詞辨析
repair, mend, fix, remedy
這組詞都有“修理”的意思。
repair
意為“修理，修復(fù)”，指修理已破舊或損壞的東西，使其恢復(fù)原有的良好狀況。此外，repair還可引申為“糾正，彌補(bǔ)，治愈”。
mend
意為“修理，修補(bǔ)”，是普通用語，僅指修補(bǔ)磨損的、破裂的、撕毀的小東西，很少用于大件物品。該詞可引申為“改善，彌補(bǔ)，恢復(fù)健康”。
fix
意為“修理，修復(fù)”，和repair同義，兩者經(jīng)常換用，fix常用于美國(guó)英語中，口語色彩較濃。
remedy
意為“補(bǔ)救，彌補(bǔ)”，指對(duì)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的過失及不滿意的現(xiàn)狀采取彌補(bǔ)措施，加以補(bǔ)救。
He doesn’t know how to repair the error.他不知道怎樣彌補(bǔ)這個(gè)過失。
It’s never too late to mend.改過不嫌遲。
He tried to fix the leaking tap.他試圖修漏水的水龍頭。
Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.你的發(fā)音毛病是可以矯正的。
adequate, enough, sufficient
這組詞均含有“足夠”的意思。
adequate
強(qiáng)調(diào)符合一個(gè)客觀要求或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這個(gè)要求或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可能不太高或不太嚴(yán)格。
enoug
側(cè)重份量和數(shù)量的足夠。是三個(gè)詞中最普通的。
sufficient
一般用于正式書面語中，且只能放在所修飾的名詞前。
如：
His income is not adequate to his family’s needs.他的收入滿足不了家庭需求。
Do we have enough time for a drink?我們有沒有足夠的時(shí)間喝點(diǎn)什么?
The rain is not sufficient to do any harm.這場(chǎng)雨不足為害。
全真模擬試題
1. Very few scientists ?____? completely new answers to the world’s problems.
A. come up with B come out
C. come round D. come up to
2. We are writing to the manager ?____? the repairs recently carried out at the above address.
A. with the exception of
B. with the purpose of
C. with reference to
D. with a view to
3. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ?____?how great their achievements are.
A. in spite of B. in ways of C. in favor of D. in terms of
4. All individuals are required to ?____? to the laws made by their governments.
A. obey B. conform C. concede D. observe
5. The United States is trying to ?____? the serious problems created by the energy crisis.
A. put up with B. submit to
C. comply with D. cope with
6. The joys of travel, having long ?____? the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.
A. omitted B. missed C. neglected D. discarded
7. Most people who travel in the course of their work are given travelling ?____?.
A. income B. allowances C. wages D. pay
8. Some people ?____? avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.
A. violently B. enthusiastically
C. sincerely D. deliberately
9. I was always taught that it was?____?to interrupt.
A. rude B. coarse C. rough D. crude
10. It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ?____? by insects.
A. broken in B. run over C. taken over D. filled in
11. His intelligence and experience will enable him to ?____?the complicated situation.
A. cope with B. settle down
C. intervene in D. interfere with
12. I am sure I can ?____? him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.
A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell
13. There is no easy solution to Japan’s labor ?____?.
A. decline B. vacancy C. rarity D. shortage
14. Just as a book is often judged ?____? by the quality and appearance of its cover, a person is judged immediately by his appearance.
A. previously B. uniquely C. outwardly D. initially
15. Frankly speaking, your article is very goodexcept for some ?____? mistakes in grammar.
A. trivial B. obscure C. rare D. glaring
16. Advanced computer technology has ?____? an answer to accurate weather forecasting.
A. set up B. come up with
C. filled in D. faced up to
17. Both parties promised to ?____? the contract to besigned the following day.
A. keep with B. tangle with C. adhere to D. devote to
18. The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ?____?the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.
A. decrease B. subtract C. minimize D. degrade
19. Every society has its own peculiar customs and?____?of acting.
A. ways B. behavior C. attitudes D. means
20. All the parts of these washing machines are ?____?, so that it is very convenient to replace them.
A. normalized B. modernized
C. mechanized D. standardized
21. There was once an ?____? idea that the earth was flat and motionless.
A. eternal B. offensive C. absurd D. intrinsic
22. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ?____?all the toys they had taken out.
A. put off B. put out C. put up D. put away
23. A complete investigation into the cause of the accident should lead to improved standards and should ?____? new operating procedures.
A. result in B. match with
C. subject to D. proceed with
24. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be ?____?by this device.
A. lighted B. inspired C. fired D. ignited
25. Stop shouting! I can’t hear the football ?____?.
A. explanation B. interpretation
C. judgement D. commentary
試題答案與解析
1. A)【句意】沒有幾位科學(xué)家能對(duì)世界性的問題提出全新的答案。
【難點(diǎn)】come up with意為“提出”;come out意為“結(jié)果是”;come round意為“來，前來”;come up to意為“達(dá)到，比得上”。
2. C)【句意】我們正給經(jīng)理寫信，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于近期在上述地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行修理的事。
【難點(diǎn)】with reference to意為“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”;with the exception of意為“除…之外”;with the purpose of意為“目的是”; with a view to意為“目的是，為了(后跟動(dòng)名詞)”。
3. D)【句意】人們往往從成就的大小來評(píng)價(jià)某些科學(xué)家和工程師。
【難點(diǎn)】in terms of意為“就…而言”;in spite of意為“盡管”;infavor of意為“贊成，支持”;in ways of無此搭配。
4. B)【句意】要求每個(gè)人都遵守政府制定的法律。
【難點(diǎn)】conform意為“遵守”，后接to;obey亦有“遵守”的意思，卻無obey to的搭配;concede to sb.意為“向某人讓步”;observe意為“遵守”時(shí)，為及物動(dòng)詞，不與to搭配。
5. D)【句意】美國(guó)正努力去應(yīng)付由于能源危機(jī)而產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重問題。
【難點(diǎn)】cope with意為“應(yīng)付”;put up with意為“忍受，容忍”; submit to意為“服從，屈從”;comply with意為“照…辦”。
6. C)【句意】旅游業(yè)長(zhǎng)期以來不重視殘疾人，而現(xiàn)在只要有條件，幾乎每個(gè)人都可以享受旅游的樂趣。
【難點(diǎn)】neglect意為“忽視”;omit意為“省略，忽略(正式用語)”;miss意為“免去，漏掉(非正式用語);discard意為“丟棄，拋棄”。
7. B)【句意】大多數(shù)因公出差的人都發(fā)給差旅費(fèi)。
【難點(diǎn)】allowances意為“差旅費(fèi)”;income意為“收入”;wage意為“工資(常作復(fù)數(shù)，指按照合同，根據(jù)其勞動(dòng)或所提供的服務(wù)，按小時(shí)，天數(shù)，每周或計(jì)量付給工資)”;pay“工資，薪金(泛指勞動(dòng)所得的報(bào)酬)”。
8. D)【句意】有些人對(duì)待大是大非問題要么有意回避，要么保持中立。
【難點(diǎn)】deliberately意為“故意地”;violently意為“猛烈地”;enthusiastically意為“熱情地”;sincerely意為“真誠(chéng)地”。
9. A)【句意】過去人們總是這樣教導(dǎo)我，插話是不禮貌的。
【難點(diǎn)】rude意為“無禮的，粗魯?shù)?rdquo;。其余三個(gè)詞都有“粗魯?shù)?rdquo;之意，用于說明某人的舉止或言談，可互用。如果要說明做某事不禮貌，特別是在“It is+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用rude。
10. C)【句意】許多科學(xué)幻想故事都有一個(gè)常見的主題：地球有朝一日要被昆蟲接管。
【難點(diǎn)】take over意為“接收，接管”;break in/into意為“強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入”;run over意為“在…上駛過，輾過”;fill in意為“填空，填滿”。
11. A)【句意】他的才智經(jīng)驗(yàn)使他能夠應(yīng)付復(fù)雜局面。
【難點(diǎn)】cope with意為“應(yīng)付”;settle down意為“安居，專心于”;intervene in意為“介入，干涉”;interfere with意為“干涉，妨礙”。
12. C)【句意】我肯定能說服他同意我們?nèi)ヂ灭^過夜。
【難點(diǎn)】talk (sb into doing)意為“說服(某人做某事)”;speak意為“說話、談話(著重說話的能力)”;say意為“講，說(著重所說內(nèi)容)。”;tell意為“告訴(著重提供情況)”。
13. D)【句意】很難解決日本勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題。
【難點(diǎn)】shortage意為“短缺”;vacancy意為“空缺(指職位或位置空著)”;decline意為“下降,減少”;rarity意為“稀罕，稀有”。
14. C)【句意】就像憑外在質(zhì)量和封面來判斷一本書如何一樣，對(duì)人的判斷一看外表就知道了。
【難點(diǎn)】outwardly意為“從外表”;previously意為“以前”;uniquely意為“惟一地”;initially意為“最初”。
15. A)【句意】坦率地說，你的文章寫得很好，只不過語法上有幾處小錯(cuò)誤。
【難點(diǎn)】trivial意為“瑣碎的，微不足道的”;obscure意為“模糊的，不出名的”;rare意為“稀有的，難得的”;glaring意為“耀眼的，閃光的”。
16. B)【句意】先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為精確進(jìn)行天氣預(yù)報(bào)提供了方法。
【難點(diǎn)】come up with意為“想出”;set up意為“開辦，創(chuàng)立”;fill in意為“填寫(表格等)，填滿”;face up to意為“勇敢面對(duì)”。
17. C)【句意】雙方答應(yīng)信守第二天將簽署的合同。
【難點(diǎn)】adhere to意為“堅(jiān)持”;keep with無此搭配;tangle with意為“與某人吵架，與某事有瓜葛”;devote to意為“獻(xiàn)身于，為…奉獻(xiàn)”。
18. C)【句意】這場(chǎng)大火造成了巨大損失，但廠方卻說，損失沒有報(bào)道得那么嚴(yán)重，竭力低估大火造成的后果。
【難點(diǎn)】minimize意為“縮小，減少”;decrease意為“減少，(有“逐漸減少”的意思，可指數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、尺寸、強(qiáng)度或重要性等方面的減少或減小)”;subtract意為“減去”;degrade意為“(地位身份等)下降，墮落”。
19. A)【句意】每個(gè)社會(huì)都有其獨(dú)特的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和行為方式。
【難點(diǎn)】way意為“方式，方法”;behaviour意為“舉止，行為”;attitude意為“態(tài)度，看法”;means意為“方法(該詞義側(cè)重于“具體的手段或辦法”)。”
20. D)【句意】這些洗衣機(jī)的零件全部實(shí)行了統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這樣更換起來非常便利。
【難點(diǎn)】standardize意為“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”;normalize意為“使正常化”;modernize意為“使現(xiàn)代化”;mechanize意為“使機(jī)械化”。
21. C)【句意】以前曾有種荒謬的看法，認(rèn)為地球是平的，而且是靜止不動(dòng)的。
【難點(diǎn)】absurd意為“荒唐的”;eternal意為“永恒的，永久的”;offensive意為“冒犯的，無禮的”;intrinsic意為“固有的，內(nèi)在的”。
22. D)【句意】孩子們玩過玩具后，便要他們把拿出來的玩具都收好。
【難點(diǎn)】put away意為“收藏好”;put off意為“推遲”;put out意為“熄滅;put up意為“建造”。
23. A)【句意】對(duì)事故原因進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查可提高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并引入新的操作程序。
【難點(diǎn)】result in意為“導(dǎo)致”;match with意為“與…相配”;subject to意為“征服，經(jīng)歷或遭受”;proceed with意為“開始或繼續(xù)”。
24. D)【句意】洲際導(dǎo)彈的燃料想必是由這個(gè)裝置點(diǎn)燃的。
【難點(diǎn)】ignite意為“點(diǎn)火”，指用機(jī)械裝置點(diǎn)火;light意為“點(diǎn)燃(一般用語，常指為一定目的使…燃燒或點(diǎn)著某物)”;inspire意為“吸入，鼓舞”;fire意為“點(diǎn)燃，著火”。
25. D)【句意】別大聲嚷嚷了!足球賽的解說我都聽不見了。
【難點(diǎn)】commentary意為“解說，評(píng)論”，尤用于體育比賽;explanation意為“解釋”;interpretation意為“解釋，翻譯(解釋時(shí)，對(duì)象多為夢(mèng)，詩(shī)歌或抽象藝術(shù)等。解釋人需要有專業(yè)知識(shí)和豐富的想象力)”。judgement意為“判斷(力)”。