一個(gè)句子搞定小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞
<例句>
I met someone who said he knew you.
我遇到一個(gè)人，他說(shuō)他認(rèn)識(shí)你。
<語(yǔ)法分析>
關(guān)系代詞 who 代表 someone,又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，同時(shí)又在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that和 which可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，這類(lèi)代詞都起著三重作用，一是代表前面的名詞，二是把從句和它所修飾的詞連接起來(lái)，三是在從句里也擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。who 和 whom 都代表人，who 在從句中作主語(yǔ)，whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。whose在從句中可以作定語(yǔ)。that可以代表人或物，which 只能代表物在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)等。
<觸類(lèi)旁通>
(1) The noise that she made woke everybody up.
她弄出的聲音把大家都吵醒了。
語(yǔ)法分析：that 代表 noise,又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，在從句中擔(dān)任 made 的賓語(yǔ)。
(2) She saw something in the paper which might interest you.
她在報(bào)紙上看到的一些消息，或許會(huì)使你感興趣。
語(yǔ)法分析：which 代表 something, 又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)。
(3) The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English.
和我一起旅行的那個(gè)女孩不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。
語(yǔ)法分析：whom 代表人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。
(4) I saw a film whose name I have forgotten.
我看了一部電影， 名字卻忘了。
語(yǔ)法分析：whose 有時(shí)指無(wú)生命的東西。
(5) Who's the man (that) you were talking to?
剛才和你講話的人是誰(shuí)?
語(yǔ)法分析：在從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that常可以省略。
(6) The situation in which she found herself was very difficult.
她的處境非常困難。
語(yǔ)法分析：在緊跟介詞時(shí)，只能用which,不能用that,而且不能省略。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
1. The man _____ robbed her has been arrested.
2. The man _____ I saw told me to come back tomorrow.
3. I know a girl _____ mother is an acrobat.
4. He _____ would eat the fruit must climb the tree.
5. The dog _____ was lost has been found.
6. She invited us to dinner, ______ was very kind of her.
7. My dog, ______ temper is very uncertain, often bites judges at dog show.
8. The man from ______ I brought it told me to read me instructions.
<參考答案>
1. who 2. whom 3. whose 4. that 5. which 6. which 7. whose 8. whom