exp、imp是ORACLE幸存的最古老的兩個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)命令行工具，導(dǎo)入(IMP)/導(dǎo)出(EXP)，昨天在Oracle用exp、imp導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出報(bào)EXP-0006:出現(xiàn)內(nèi)部不一致的錯(cuò)誤。
以前用exp、imp導(dǎo)庫(kù)命令成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的導(dǎo)出、導(dǎo)入，對(duì)此，昨天再對(duì)服務(wù)器新安裝的Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用exp、imp導(dǎo)庫(kù)，一直報(bào)“EXP-0006：出現(xiàn)內(nèi)部不一致的錯(cuò)誤”，于是在網(wǎng)上百度，嘗試其他導(dǎo)庫(kù)方式，發(fā)現(xiàn)采用expdp、impdp數(shù)據(jù)泵同樣可以完成數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的導(dǎo)出、導(dǎo)入，而且數(shù)據(jù)泵與傳統(tǒng)導(dǎo)出導(dǎo)入有如下區(qū)別：
1.EXP和IMP是客戶段工具程序， EXPDP和IMPDP是服務(wù)端的工具程序;
2.EXP和IMP效率比較低. EXPDP和IMPDP效率高;
3.數(shù)據(jù)泵功能強(qiáng)大并行、過(guò)濾、轉(zhuǎn)換、壓縮、加密、交互等等;
4.數(shù)據(jù)泵不支持9i以前版本， EXP/IMP短期內(nèi)還是比較適用;
5.同exp/imp數(shù)據(jù)泵導(dǎo)出包括導(dǎo)出表,導(dǎo)出方案,導(dǎo)出表空間,導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)4種方式。
有了理論支持，下面開始實(shí)戰(zhàn)。
expdp導(dǎo)出Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
1.在sqlplus下創(chuàng)建Directory， 優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于讓我們可以在Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中靈活的對(duì)文件進(jìn)行讀寫操作，極大的提高了Oracle的易用性和可擴(kuò)展性。
命令：createdirectory oracleDB as 'D:\OracleDB';
2.把讀寫權(quán)限授予特定用戶
命令：Grantread,write on directory oracleDB to radpcs;
3.在dos窗口執(zhí)行expdp導(dǎo)出命令
命令：expdp directory=oracleDB dumpfile =20150226.dmp logfile=20150226.logFULL=y;
到此導(dǎo)出工作完成，下面講解如何用impdp導(dǎo)入Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
impdp導(dǎo)入Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
1.以sysdba級(jí)別登錄Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
命令：--sqlplus /nolog
--conn as sysdba
2.創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表空間
命令：
--創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表空間
CREATE TABLESPACE RADPCS_DATA
LOGGING
DATAFILE 'D:\OracleDB\radpcs_DATA.DBF' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND
ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 16383M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM
SIZE 1024K;
--創(chuàng)建索引表空間
CREATE TABLESPACE RADPCS_INDX
LOGGING
DATAFILE 'D:\OracleDB\radpcs_INDX.DBF' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND
ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 16383M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM
SIZE 1024K;
這步很關(guān)鍵，創(chuàng)建的表空間需要和原Oracle表空間名稱、個(gè)數(shù)相同，否則會(huì)導(dǎo)入失敗。如果不知道原表空間名稱、個(gè)數(shù)，就先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)臨時(shí)的表空間進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入，導(dǎo)入過(guò)程中根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤提示，比如“RADPCS1_DATA表空間不存在”提示，缺哪個(gè)創(chuàng)建哪個(gè)。
3.創(chuàng)建用戶、對(duì)用戶授權(quán)
--創(chuàng)建用戶
create user radpcs identified by ictradpcs
default tablespace radpcs_data
quota unlimited on radpcs_data
quota unlimited on radpcs_indx;
--授權(quán)
grant aq_administrator_role to radpcs;
grant aq_user_role to radpcs;
grant authenticateduser to radpcs;
grant connect to radpcs;
grant ctxapp to radpcs;
grant dba to radpcs;
grant delete_catalog_role to radpcs;
grant ejbclient to radpcs;
grant execute_catalog_role to radpcs;
grant exp_full_database to radpcs;
grant gather_system_statistics to radpcs;
grant hs_admin_role to radpcs;
grant imp_full_database to radpcs;
grant javadebugpriv to radpcs;
grant javaidpriv to radpcs;
grant javasyspriv to radpcs;
grant javauserpriv to radpcs;
grant java_admin to radpcs;
grant java_deploy to radpcs;
grant logstdby_administrator to radpcs;
grant oem_monitor to radpcs;
grant olap_dba to radpcs;
grant recovery_catalog_owner to radpcs;
grant resource to radpcs;
grant select_catalog_role to radpcs;
grant xdbadmin to radpcs;
-- Grant/Revoke system privileges
grant administer database trigger to radpcs;
grant alter any cluster to radpcs;
grant alter any dimension to radpcs;
grant alter any index to radpcs;
grant alter any indextype to radpcs;
grant alter any library to radpcs;
grant alter any outline to radpcs;
grant alter any procedure to radpcs;
grant alter any role to radpcs;
grant alter any sequence to radpcs;
grant alter any snapshot to radpcs;
grant alter any table to radpcs;
grant alter any trigger to radpcs;
grant alter any type to radpcs;
grant alter database to radpcs;
grant alter profile to radpcs;
grant alter resource cost to radpcs;
grant alter rollback segment to radpcs;
grant alter session to radpcs;
grant alter system to radpcs;
grant alter tablespace to radpcs;
grant alter user to radpcs;
grant analyze any to radpcs;
grant audit any to radpcs;
grant audit system to radpcs;
grant backup any table to radpcs;
grant become user to radpcs;
grant comment any table to radpcs;
grant create any cluster to radpcs;
grant create any context to radpcs;
grant create any dimension to radpcs;
grant create any directory to radpcs;
grant create any index to radpcs;
grant create any indextype to radpcs;
grant create any library to radpcs;
grant create any operator to radpcs;
grant create any outline to radpcs;
grant create any procedure to radpcs;
grant create any sequence to radpcs;
grant create any snapshot to radpcs;
grant create any synonym to radpcs;
grant create any table to radpcs;
grant create any trigger to radpcs;
grant create any type to radpcs;
grant create any view to radpcs;
grant create cluster to radpcs;
grant create database link to radpcs;
grant create dimension to radpcs;
grant create indextype to radpcs;
grant create library to radpcs;
grant create operator to radpcs;
grant create procedure to radpcs;
grant create profile to radpcs;
grant create public database link to radpcs;
grant create public synonym to radpcs;
grant create role to radpcs;
grant create rollback segment to radpcs;
grant create sequence to radpcs;
grant create session to radpcs;
grant create snapshot to radpcs;
grant create synonym to radpcs;
grant create table to radpcs;
grant create tablespace to radpcs;
grant create trigger to radpcs;
grant create type to radpcs;
grant create user to radpcs;
grant create view to radpcs;
grant debug any procedure to radpcs;
grant debug connect session to radpcs;
grant delete any table to radpcs;
grant drop any cluster to radpcs;
grant drop any context to radpcs;
grant drop any dimension to radpcs;
grant drop any directory to radpcs;
grant drop any index to radpcs;
grant drop any indextype to radpcs;
grant drop any library to radpcs;
grant drop any operator to radpcs;
grant drop any outline to radpcs;
grant drop any procedure to radpcs;
grant drop any role to radpcs;
grant drop any sequence to radpcs;
grant drop any snapshot to radpcs;
grant drop any synonym to radpcs;
grant drop any table to radpcs;
grant drop any trigger to radpcs;
grant drop any type to radpcs;
grant drop any view to radpcs;
grant drop profile to radpcs;
grant drop public database link to radpcs;
grant drop public synonym to radpcs;
grant drop rollback segment to radpcs;
grant drop tablespace to radpcs;
grant drop user to radpcs;
grant execute any indextype to radpcs;
grant execute any library to radpcs;
grant execute any operator to radpcs;
grant execute any procedure to radpcs;
grant execute any type to radpcs;
grant flashback any table to radpcs;
grant force any transaction to radpcs;
grant force transaction to radpcs;
grant global query rewrite to radpcs;
grant grant any object privilege to radpcs;
grant grant any privilege to radpcs;
grant grant any role to radpcs;
grant insert any table to radpcs;
grant lock any table to radpcs;
grant manage tablespace to radpcs;
grant on commit refresh to radpcs;
grant query rewrite to radpcs;
grant restricted session to radpcs;
grant resumable to radpcs;
grant select any sequence to radpcs;
grant select any table to radpcs;
grant under any table to radpcs;
grant under any type to radpcs;
grant under any view to radpcs;
grant unlimited tablespace to radpcs;
grant update any table to radpcs;
grant select on dba_free_space to radpcs;
grant select on dba_data_files to radpcs;
4.在sqlplus下創(chuàng)建Directory
命令：createdirectory oracleDB as 'D:\OracleDB';
5.把讀寫權(quán)限授予特定用戶
命令：Grantread,write on directory oracleDB to radpcs;
6.在dos窗口執(zhí)行impdp導(dǎo)入命令
命令：impdp directory=oracleDB dumpfile=20150226.dmp logfile=20150226.log;
漫長(zhǎng)的等待后，dos窗口會(huì)提示導(dǎo)出完成。如果導(dǎo)入過(guò)程出錯(cuò)，會(huì)提示錯(cuò)誤信息(只要數(shù)據(jù)完整，一些錯(cuò)誤可以忽略)。