英譯漢中省略 ( 5 )——★相同結(jié)構(gòu)里的省略★
例一: Actually ,it isn’t, because it assumes that there isn’t an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
(1997 年英譯漢真題 )
分析: it isn’t 后面顯然省略了表語(yǔ),既然是省略,我們就應(yīng)該看看前面的句子有什么可以補(bǔ)充進(jìn)來,前面的句子也是系表結(jié)構(gòu),說:動(dòng)物有權(quán)利嗎?問題經(jīng)常就是這么提出的,這種提問聽上去像是一種有用的、能夠把問題講清楚的開場(chǎng)白。句中的 it 應(yīng)該與前文里的 it 一樣都表示"這種提問", isn’t 后面省略的應(yīng)該是與前面一局一樣的表語(yǔ),它的表語(yǔ)當(dāng)然是首選,補(bǔ)充之后便是 it isn’t a useful ,ground-clearing way to start , 經(jīng)過提煉,我們也可以只用形容詞 ground-clearing 做這個(gè)表語(yǔ)。譯成"這種提問并不能把問題講清楚。"
例二 : In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. (1995 年英譯漢真題 )
分析: and least effectively 前面可理解成省略了 the tests work , 因?yàn)槭峭耆貜?fù),英語(yǔ)在表達(dá)時(shí)用了省略,漢語(yǔ)里如果不進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,則無法使句子完整 .
例三: Until these issues are resolved , a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems . (2002 年英譯漢真題 )
分析: 從結(jié)構(gòu)來講,并列連刺 and 應(yīng)該連接的是并列結(jié)構(gòu),而句中情況卻不是這樣:前面是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,后面是介詞短語(yǔ) + 名詞短語(yǔ),如果說這個(gè)句子沒有結(jié)構(gòu)問題(英譯漢句子恰恰不會(huì)出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)問題),的解釋就是 and 后面有省略,而被省略的一定是謂語(yǔ)部分,因?yàn)?and 后面的名詞短語(yǔ)可以做主語(yǔ),補(bǔ)充謂語(yǔ)之后就能與前面的句子并列了。這個(gè)省略句還有一個(gè)難點(diǎn),那就是做狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)位置提前了。現(xiàn)在我們看看整個(gè)句子補(bǔ)充完整之后的情況: Until these issues are resolved ,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected ,and possibly the only way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected with it . 這個(gè)句子現(xiàn)在還難翻譯嗎?
例一: Actually ,it isn’t, because it assumes that there isn’t an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
(1997 年英譯漢真題 )
分析: it isn’t 后面顯然省略了表語(yǔ),既然是省略,我們就應(yīng)該看看前面的句子有什么可以補(bǔ)充進(jìn)來,前面的句子也是系表結(jié)構(gòu),說:動(dòng)物有權(quán)利嗎?問題經(jīng)常就是這么提出的,這種提問聽上去像是一種有用的、能夠把問題講清楚的開場(chǎng)白。句中的 it 應(yīng)該與前文里的 it 一樣都表示"這種提問", isn’t 后面省略的應(yīng)該是與前面一局一樣的表語(yǔ),它的表語(yǔ)當(dāng)然是首選,補(bǔ)充之后便是 it isn’t a useful ,ground-clearing way to start , 經(jīng)過提煉,我們也可以只用形容詞 ground-clearing 做這個(gè)表語(yǔ)。譯成"這種提問并不能把問題講清楚。"
例二 : In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. (1995 年英譯漢真題 )
分析: and least effectively 前面可理解成省略了 the tests work , 因?yàn)槭峭耆貜?fù),英語(yǔ)在表達(dá)時(shí)用了省略,漢語(yǔ)里如果不進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,則無法使句子完整 .
例三: Until these issues are resolved , a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems . (2002 年英譯漢真題 )
分析: 從結(jié)構(gòu)來講,并列連刺 and 應(yīng)該連接的是并列結(jié)構(gòu),而句中情況卻不是這樣:前面是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,后面是介詞短語(yǔ) + 名詞短語(yǔ),如果說這個(gè)句子沒有結(jié)構(gòu)問題(英譯漢句子恰恰不會(huì)出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)問題),的解釋就是 and 后面有省略,而被省略的一定是謂語(yǔ)部分,因?yàn)?and 后面的名詞短語(yǔ)可以做主語(yǔ),補(bǔ)充謂語(yǔ)之后就能與前面的句子并列了。這個(gè)省略句還有一個(gè)難點(diǎn),那就是做狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)位置提前了。現(xiàn)在我們看看整個(gè)句子補(bǔ)充完整之后的情況: Until these issues are resolved ,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected ,and possibly the only way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected with it . 這個(gè)句子現(xiàn)在還難翻譯嗎?