??內(nèi)容提要
????-ING分詞也是動(dòng)詞的非限定性形式，由動(dòng)詞原形＋-ING構(gòu)成，在句中可以直接作主語，也可用形式主語it來代替，而把-ING分詞放到后邊；可以作表語；作賓語時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞有一定的要求，有的動(dòng)詞只能跟接-ING分詞，有的動(dòng)詞則既可以跟不定式也可以跟-ING分詞，而且-ING分詞還可作介詞的賓語；在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞也有一定的要求；作狀語時(shí)， -ING分詞要與其邏輯主語呼應(yīng)，否則就要用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)；-ING分詞作定語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。跟動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，-ING分詞也有它的完成時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)和否定形式；最后我們還要了解-ING分詞的邏輯主語問題。
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????I -ING分詞的形式
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????-ING分詞是指由動(dòng)詞原形＋-ING構(gòu)成的、具有完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，具體形式如下
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??? 主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式
??一般時(shí) doing being done
??完成時(shí) having done having been done
??
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????就其語法功能而言，它可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語、狀語和定語。
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????II -ING分詞的用法
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????一、 作主語
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????1. 一般形式
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????1) ___ the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life.
????［A］ Taking the part of ?????［B］ Taking part in
????［C］ To take the part of?????［D］ To take the notice in
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????2) ___?a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.
????［A］ As?????? ［B］ To be
????［C］ Is?????? ［D］ Being
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????3) ___?by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating.
????［A］ Eliminate problems????? ［B］ The eliminated problems
??［C］ Eliminating problems???? ［D］ Problems are eliminated
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????2. 有時(shí)可以用it做形式主語
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????It''s waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.
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????It''s interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.［說明：從這句中我們可以看出，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容詞。但不適用于像possible, important, essential, necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞，這些詞后面一般要跟動(dòng)詞不定式。我們不能說 It''s quite necessary taking part in the negociation.應(yīng)改作It''s quite necessary to take part in the negociation.］
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????It''s glorious getting involved in working out the plan.
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????4) It is ［A］ possible determining that ［B］ French explorers reached the jucture of ［C］ the Kansas and Missouri rivers ［D］ in the seventeenth century.
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????二、作表語的-ING分詞
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????Seeing is believing.
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????His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.
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????三、-ING分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語
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????1. 一類是動(dòng)詞或短語后邊跟賓語的非限定性動(dòng)詞只能是-ING分詞，如：acknowledge, admit(坦白，承認(rèn)), advise, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, can''t help, consider, contemplate(深思), delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(躲過，避開), excuse, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep on, justify, mean(意味著，等于), mind(在乎), miss, postpone, practise, prohibit, put off, quit, recall, regret, resist, resume, risk(冒險(xiǎn)干…), suggest, threaten。
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????5) By taking the back way he escaped___ .
????［A］ to be seen ????［B］ have been seen
????［C］ seeing ??????［D］ being seen
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????6) I came late and missed?___ Jack winning.
????［A］ to see?????? ［B］ seeing
????［C］ see????????［D］ seen
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????7) "I see our boss coming down the hall."
? "Then we'd better ___?quit and get down to business."
????［A］ talking????? ?［B］ to talk
????［C］ from talking????［D］ having talk
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????8) The young doctor first ［A］ practised to use ［B］ the needles on ［C］ his own ［D］ wrist.
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????9) Some experts have advocated to bring ［A］ that country into ［B］ the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue ［C］ that began ［D］ after the 1967 Middle East War.
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????2. 另一類動(dòng)詞后邊作賓語的非限定性動(dòng)詞可以是-ING分詞的動(dòng)名詞，也可以是動(dòng)詞不定式，如：attempt, begin, can''t bear, cease, continue, deserve, endure, forget, go on, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start , stop, try等。(動(dòng)詞后接-ING和不定式時(shí)在用法上的區(qū)別在下一章講)
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????10) "What's wrong with Henry?""He needs?___ ."
????［A］ cheer up?????? ［B］ to be cheer up
????［C］ cheering up?????［D］ to cheered up
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????11) Any such news would start___ her .
?［A］ to worry??????? ［B］ worrying
????［C］ worry?????????［D］ worried
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????3. -ING分詞作賓語還有下一結(jié)構(gòu)，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING分詞短語放到句子的后邊去
????I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture.／Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.
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????四、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞的賓語
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????幾乎所有介詞，不管是單個(gè)介詞還是介詞詞組，不管它們是謂語動(dòng)詞的組成部分與否，都能用-ING分詞的動(dòng)名詞作其賓語。所以，-ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞賓語的時(shí)候很多。-ING結(jié)構(gòu)一般作介詞短語的賓語，主要有以下搭配關(guān)系
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????1. 動(dòng)詞＋介詞＋ -ING
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????12) Scientists measure the hardness ［A］ of a material ［B］ by comparatively ［C］ with a table of ten well-known ［D］ metals.
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????13) Her mother did not ［A］ approve of her to go ［B］ to the party without dressing ［C］ formally ［D］ .
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????14) Although many women's colleges ［A］ have been coeducational ［B］ , other universities remain committed to keep ［C］ their facilities separate ［D］ .
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????15) We insist on you leave ［A］ the place before ［B］ any further ［C］ disturbances take place ［D］ .
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????2. 名詞(形容詞，不及物動(dòng)詞)＋介詞to(不要把它視為動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志)。下面是大綱中所列短語中的"to"為介詞：(be) contrary to (與…相反),object(objection)to (反對(duì)), with a view to (為…起見)，(be) opposed to (反對(duì))， in contrast to (與…成對(duì)比),be used to (習(xí)慣于), be exposed to, be dedicated to (致力于),resort to (訴諸于), as to (關(guān)于), be accustomed to (習(xí)慣于), be devoted to (獻(xiàn)身于), be committed to (委身于), react to (對(duì)…反應(yīng)), with regard to (關(guān)于), look forward to (期待), contribute to (貢獻(xiàn))，owe to由于，歸功于等
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????16) I have no objection?___ the evening with them.
????［A］ to spend ?????? ［B］ to spending
????［C］ to have spent???? ［D］ to have to spend
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????17) Why do you object to?___ the direction?
????［A］ following ??????［B］ follow
????［C］ have follow ?????［D］ have been followed
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????18) Mr. Brown often wore ［A］ a heavy coat ［B］ because he was not used to live ［C］ in such a ［D］ cold climate.
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????19) Livy was the ［A］ only great historian of the time ［B］ , and he devoted his attention to give ［C］ the world splendid ［D］ pictures.
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????3. 動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞＋ -ING
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????I look forward to her coming soon.
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????4. 形容詞(或具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ED分詞)＋介詞＋ -ING
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????I am proud of having such a son.
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????He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President.
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????It''s impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.
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????He is interested in playing table tennis.
????5. 表示征詢意見的 "How about…?", "What…about?"
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????How about going there?
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????What about having a concert?
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????20) How about to___ the movies tonight?
????［A］ going??? ［B］ if go
????［C］ to go??? ［D］ if we go
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????6. 前面省略了介詞in的-ING慣用法
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????The two children are busy doing their homework.
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????Mr. Smith has difficulty fulfilling the task.
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????There is no use going over the lessons before the night of exam.
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????He has spent a lot of time preparing the exam for the postgraduate.
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????Xiao Li lost no time catching up with his classmates.
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????There is no point arguing with him.
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????五、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語
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????1. 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如 hear, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch等詞的賓語可以用-ING作賓語補(bǔ)語
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????21) "Where are the children?" "I saw?___ in the yard."
????［A］ them to play ?????［B］ them played
????［C］ them playing????? ［D］ to them playing
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????22) I must say I don't like to hear you?___ like that.
????［A］ talking?????? ??［B］ to talk
????［C］ have to talk??????［D］ talked
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????2. 表示"致使"等意義的動(dòng)詞，如 catch, have, get, keep, leave, set
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????I am sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.
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????What you have told left me thinking that you experienced much when you were young.
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????3. 其他動(dòng)詞賓語的補(bǔ)語
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????23) The average age ［A］ of the Mediterranean ［B］ olive trees grow ［C］ today is two hundred years ［D］ .
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????六、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語
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????-ING結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語表示主語在進(jìn)行一動(dòng)作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，它對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞起修飾或陪襯的作用。這時(shí)要注意-ING與其邏輯主語在時(shí)態(tài)、意義上的統(tǒng)一
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????1. 表示時(shí)間和伴隨 一般放在句首，有時(shí)可放在句中
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????Coming into the room, I found him sobbing. (=When I came into the
room, I found him sobbing.) 在這里coming這一-ING分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，緊接著(幾乎是同時(shí))發(fā)生了謂語動(dòng)作，有"一……就"的意思。
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????Pulling his body in the car, he drove away.(=After he pulled his body in the car, he drove away.)
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????24) Those naughty boys were caught?___ flowers in the garden again.
????［A］to steal???????? ［B］stealing
????［C］ having stolen????? ［D］stolen
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????25) Daniel walked up and down ［A］ as he listened, hands behind ［B］ his back, now and then ［C］ asked ［D］ a question.
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????2. 表示方式
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????Being a clever girl, she was sent to college by her father.(此例不可改成：Being a clever girl, her father sent her to college.因?yàn)榉衷~短語的邏輯主語不是"her father ", 而只能是"she "。)
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????如果-ING分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，-ING分詞前可以加when,while等連詞，可放在句首或句末：When arriving home, he found the door opened. / He listened to the music radio while reading.
????26) ___，Tony jumped into the river and saved the drowning man.
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????［A］ Good swimer as he is
????［B］ He can swim very well
????［C］ Being that he was a good swimmer
????［D］ Being a good swimmer
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????27) ___?the kind of man he was, he did not pay much attention to it at first.
????［A］ To be??????? ［B］ Being
????［C］ Having been???? ［D］ Though to be
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????28) Was a dancer ［A］ and blues singer before ［B］ the age of eight ［C］ ，F(xiàn)lorence Mills made her ［D］ vaudeville debut(輕歌舞首演) in 1910.
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????3. 表示原因
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????Not having had any letter from Tom, Marry was worried.(=Marry was worried because she did not have any letter from Tom.)
????Having got a headache, I didn''t come to the concert. (=Because I got a headache, I didn''t come to the concert.)
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????29) Most of the people,___ , could not go to sleep that night after the party.
????［A］ being so excited??????［B］ be so excited
????［C］ being so exciting ?????［D］ be so exciting
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????30) Having the highest marks in his class，___ .
????［A］ the college offered him a scholarship
????［B］ he was offered a scholarship by the college
????［C］ a scholarship was offered him by the college
????［D］ a college scholarship was offered to him
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????4. 表示條件：一般放在句首
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????Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. (=If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.)
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?Working diligently, you will pass the entrance exam. (=If you work diligently, you will pass the entrance exam.)
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????5. 表示讓步：表示讓步的-ING分詞常常由although/though, even if/though, unless等連詞引入，一般放在句首
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????Having great diffculties in the course of working, they finished the task ahead of time.
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????Buying a lot of reference books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.
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????Although repeating his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand the concret concept of philosophy.
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????Even if coming by taxi, I will arrive in at least 45 minutes.
????-ING分詞也是動(dòng)詞的非限定性形式，由動(dòng)詞原形＋-ING構(gòu)成，在句中可以直接作主語，也可用形式主語it來代替，而把-ING分詞放到后邊；可以作表語；作賓語時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞有一定的要求，有的動(dòng)詞只能跟接-ING分詞，有的動(dòng)詞則既可以跟不定式也可以跟-ING分詞，而且-ING分詞還可作介詞的賓語；在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞也有一定的要求；作狀語時(shí)， -ING分詞要與其邏輯主語呼應(yīng)，否則就要用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)；-ING分詞作定語時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。跟動(dòng)詞不定式一樣，-ING分詞也有它的完成時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)和否定形式；最后我們還要了解-ING分詞的邏輯主語問題。
??
????I -ING分詞的形式
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????-ING分詞是指由動(dòng)詞原形＋-ING構(gòu)成的、具有完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，具體形式如下
??
??
??? 主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式
??一般時(shí) doing being done
??完成時(shí) having done having been done
??
??
????就其語法功能而言，它可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語、狀語和定語。
?
????II -ING分詞的用法
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????一、 作主語
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????1. 一般形式
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????1) ___ the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life.
????［A］ Taking the part of ?????［B］ Taking part in
????［C］ To take the part of?????［D］ To take the notice in
??
????2) ___?a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.
????［A］ As?????? ［B］ To be
????［C］ Is?????? ［D］ Being
??
????3) ___?by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating.
????［A］ Eliminate problems????? ［B］ The eliminated problems
??［C］ Eliminating problems???? ［D］ Problems are eliminated
??
????2. 有時(shí)可以用it做形式主語
??
????It''s waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.
??
????It''s interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.［說明：從這句中我們可以看出，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容詞。但不適用于像possible, important, essential, necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞，這些詞后面一般要跟動(dòng)詞不定式。我們不能說 It''s quite necessary taking part in the negociation.應(yīng)改作It''s quite necessary to take part in the negociation.］
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????It''s glorious getting involved in working out the plan.
??
????4) It is ［A］ possible determining that ［B］ French explorers reached the jucture of ［C］ the Kansas and Missouri rivers ［D］ in the seventeenth century.
??
????二、作表語的-ING分詞
??
????Seeing is believing.
??
????His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.
??
????三、-ING分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語
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????1. 一類是動(dòng)詞或短語后邊跟賓語的非限定性動(dòng)詞只能是-ING分詞，如：acknowledge, admit(坦白，承認(rèn)), advise, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, can''t help, consider, contemplate(深思), delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(躲過，避開), excuse, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep on, justify, mean(意味著，等于), mind(在乎), miss, postpone, practise, prohibit, put off, quit, recall, regret, resist, resume, risk(冒險(xiǎn)干…), suggest, threaten。
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????5) By taking the back way he escaped___ .
????［A］ to be seen ????［B］ have been seen
????［C］ seeing ??????［D］ being seen
??
????6) I came late and missed?___ Jack winning.
????［A］ to see?????? ［B］ seeing
????［C］ see????????［D］ seen
??
????7) "I see our boss coming down the hall."
? "Then we'd better ___?quit and get down to business."
????［A］ talking????? ?［B］ to talk
????［C］ from talking????［D］ having talk
??
????8) The young doctor first ［A］ practised to use ［B］ the needles on ［C］ his own ［D］ wrist.
??
????9) Some experts have advocated to bring ［A］ that country into ［B］ the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue ［C］ that began ［D］ after the 1967 Middle East War.
??
????2. 另一類動(dòng)詞后邊作賓語的非限定性動(dòng)詞可以是-ING分詞的動(dòng)名詞，也可以是動(dòng)詞不定式，如：attempt, begin, can''t bear, cease, continue, deserve, endure, forget, go on, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start , stop, try等。(動(dòng)詞后接-ING和不定式時(shí)在用法上的區(qū)別在下一章講)
??
????10) "What's wrong with Henry?""He needs?___ ."
????［A］ cheer up?????? ［B］ to be cheer up
????［C］ cheering up?????［D］ to cheered up
??
????11) Any such news would start___ her .
?［A］ to worry??????? ［B］ worrying
????［C］ worry?????????［D］ worried
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????3. -ING分詞作賓語還有下一結(jié)構(gòu)，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING分詞短語放到句子的后邊去
????I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture.／Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.
??
????四、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞的賓語
??
????幾乎所有介詞，不管是單個(gè)介詞還是介詞詞組，不管它們是謂語動(dòng)詞的組成部分與否，都能用-ING分詞的動(dòng)名詞作其賓語。所以，-ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞賓語的時(shí)候很多。-ING結(jié)構(gòu)一般作介詞短語的賓語，主要有以下搭配關(guān)系
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????1. 動(dòng)詞＋介詞＋ -ING
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????12) Scientists measure the hardness ［A］ of a material ［B］ by comparatively ［C］ with a table of ten well-known ［D］ metals.
??
????13) Her mother did not ［A］ approve of her to go ［B］ to the party without dressing ［C］ formally ［D］ .
??
????14) Although many women's colleges ［A］ have been coeducational ［B］ , other universities remain committed to keep ［C］ their facilities separate ［D］ .
??
????15) We insist on you leave ［A］ the place before ［B］ any further ［C］ disturbances take place ［D］ .
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????2. 名詞(形容詞，不及物動(dòng)詞)＋介詞to(不要把它視為動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志)。下面是大綱中所列短語中的"to"為介詞：(be) contrary to (與…相反),object(objection)to (反對(duì)), with a view to (為…起見)，(be) opposed to (反對(duì))， in contrast to (與…成對(duì)比),be used to (習(xí)慣于), be exposed to, be dedicated to (致力于),resort to (訴諸于), as to (關(guān)于), be accustomed to (習(xí)慣于), be devoted to (獻(xiàn)身于), be committed to (委身于), react to (對(duì)…反應(yīng)), with regard to (關(guān)于), look forward to (期待), contribute to (貢獻(xiàn))，owe to由于，歸功于等
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????16) I have no objection?___ the evening with them.
????［A］ to spend ?????? ［B］ to spending
????［C］ to have spent???? ［D］ to have to spend
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????17) Why do you object to?___ the direction?
????［A］ following ??????［B］ follow
????［C］ have follow ?????［D］ have been followed
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????18) Mr. Brown often wore ［A］ a heavy coat ［B］ because he was not used to live ［C］ in such a ［D］ cold climate.
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????19) Livy was the ［A］ only great historian of the time ［B］ , and he devoted his attention to give ［C］ the world splendid ［D］ pictures.
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????3. 動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞＋ -ING
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????I look forward to her coming soon.
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????4. 形容詞(或具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ED分詞)＋介詞＋ -ING
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????I am proud of having such a son.
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????He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President.
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????It''s impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.
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????He is interested in playing table tennis.
????5. 表示征詢意見的 "How about…?", "What…about?"
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????How about going there?
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????What about having a concert?
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????20) How about to___ the movies tonight?
????［A］ going??? ［B］ if go
????［C］ to go??? ［D］ if we go
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????6. 前面省略了介詞in的-ING慣用法
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????The two children are busy doing their homework.
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????Mr. Smith has difficulty fulfilling the task.
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????There is no use going over the lessons before the night of exam.
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????He has spent a lot of time preparing the exam for the postgraduate.
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????Xiao Li lost no time catching up with his classmates.
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????There is no point arguing with him.
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????五、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語
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????1. 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如 hear, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch等詞的賓語可以用-ING作賓語補(bǔ)語
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????21) "Where are the children?" "I saw?___ in the yard."
????［A］ them to play ?????［B］ them played
????［C］ them playing????? ［D］ to them playing
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????22) I must say I don't like to hear you?___ like that.
????［A］ talking?????? ??［B］ to talk
????［C］ have to talk??????［D］ talked
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????2. 表示"致使"等意義的動(dòng)詞，如 catch, have, get, keep, leave, set
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????I am sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.
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????What you have told left me thinking that you experienced much when you were young.
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????3. 其他動(dòng)詞賓語的補(bǔ)語
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????23) The average age ［A］ of the Mediterranean ［B］ olive trees grow ［C］ today is two hundred years ［D］ .
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????六、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語
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????-ING結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語表示主語在進(jìn)行一動(dòng)作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，它對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞起修飾或陪襯的作用。這時(shí)要注意-ING與其邏輯主語在時(shí)態(tài)、意義上的統(tǒng)一
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????1. 表示時(shí)間和伴隨 一般放在句首，有時(shí)可放在句中
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????Coming into the room, I found him sobbing. (=When I came into the
room, I found him sobbing.) 在這里coming這一-ING分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，緊接著(幾乎是同時(shí))發(fā)生了謂語動(dòng)作，有"一……就"的意思。
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????Pulling his body in the car, he drove away.(=After he pulled his body in the car, he drove away.)
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????24) Those naughty boys were caught?___ flowers in the garden again.
????［A］to steal???????? ［B］stealing
????［C］ having stolen????? ［D］stolen
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????25) Daniel walked up and down ［A］ as he listened, hands behind ［B］ his back, now and then ［C］ asked ［D］ a question.
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????2. 表示方式
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????Being a clever girl, she was sent to college by her father.(此例不可改成：Being a clever girl, her father sent her to college.因?yàn)榉衷~短語的邏輯主語不是"her father ", 而只能是"she "。)
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????如果-ING分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，-ING分詞前可以加when,while等連詞，可放在句首或句末：When arriving home, he found the door opened. / He listened to the music radio while reading.
????26) ___，Tony jumped into the river and saved the drowning man.
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????［A］ Good swimer as he is
????［B］ He can swim very well
????［C］ Being that he was a good swimmer
????［D］ Being a good swimmer
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????27) ___?the kind of man he was, he did not pay much attention to it at first.
????［A］ To be??????? ［B］ Being
????［C］ Having been???? ［D］ Though to be
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????28) Was a dancer ［A］ and blues singer before ［B］ the age of eight ［C］ ，F(xiàn)lorence Mills made her ［D］ vaudeville debut(輕歌舞首演) in 1910.
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????3. 表示原因
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????Not having had any letter from Tom, Marry was worried.(=Marry was worried because she did not have any letter from Tom.)
????Having got a headache, I didn''t come to the concert. (=Because I got a headache, I didn''t come to the concert.)
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????29) Most of the people,___ , could not go to sleep that night after the party.
????［A］ being so excited??????［B］ be so excited
????［C］ being so exciting ?????［D］ be so exciting
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????30) Having the highest marks in his class，___ .
????［A］ the college offered him a scholarship
????［B］ he was offered a scholarship by the college
????［C］ a scholarship was offered him by the college
????［D］ a college scholarship was offered to him
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????4. 表示條件：一般放在句首
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????Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. (=If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.)
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?Working diligently, you will pass the entrance exam. (=If you work diligently, you will pass the entrance exam.)
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????5. 表示讓步：表示讓步的-ING分詞常常由although/though, even if/though, unless等連詞引入，一般放在句首
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????Having great diffculties in the course of working, they finished the task ahead of time.
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????Buying a lot of reference books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.
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????Although repeating his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand the concret concept of philosophy.
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????Even if coming by taxi, I will arrive in at least 45 minutes.