五、配置靜態(tài)路由
通過配置靜態(tài)路由，用戶可以人為地指定對某一網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問時所要經(jīng)過的路徑,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，且一般到達某一網(wǎng)絡(luò)所經(jīng)過的路徑的情況下采用靜態(tài)路由。
建立靜態(tài)路由： ip route prefix mask {address | interface} [distance] [tag tag][permanent]
Prefix :所要到達的目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)
mask :子網(wǎng)掩碼
address :下一個跳的IP地址，即相鄰路由器的端口地址。
interface :本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口
distance :管理距離（可選）
tag tag :tag值（可選）
permanent :指定此路由即使該端口關(guān)掉也不被移掉。
以下在Router1上設(shè)置了訪問192.1.0.64/26這個網(wǎng)下一跳地址為192.200.10.6,即當(dāng)有目的地址屬于192.1.0.64/26的網(wǎng)絡(luò)范圍的數(shù)據(jù)報，應(yīng)將其路由到地址為192.200.10.6的相鄰路由器。在Router3上設(shè)置了訪問192.1.0.128/26及192.200.10.4/30這二個網(wǎng)下一跳地址為192.1.0.65。由于在Router1上端口Serial 0地址為192.200.10.5，192.200.10.4/30這個網(wǎng)屬于直連的網(wǎng)，已經(jīng)存在訪問192.200.10.4/30的路徑，所以不需要在Router1上添加靜態(tài)路由。
Router1:
ip route 192.1.0.64 255.255.255.192 192.200.10.6
Router3:
ip route 192.1.0.128 255.255.255.192 192.1.0.65
ip route 192.200.10.4 255.255.255.252 192.1.0.65
同時由于路由器Router3除了與路由器Router2相連外，不再與其他路由器相連，所以也可以為它賦予一條默認路由以代替以上的二條靜態(tài)路由，ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.1.0.65 即只要沒有在路由表里找到去特定目的地址的路徑,則數(shù)據(jù)均被路由到地址為192.1.0.65的相鄰路由器。
廣域網(wǎng)設(shè)置：
一、HDLC
HDLC是CISCO路由器使用的缺省協(xié)議，一臺新路由器在未指定封裝協(xié)議時默認使用HDLC封裝。
1. 有關(guān)命令
端口設(shè)置:
設(shè)置HDLC封裝 encapsulation hdlc
設(shè)置DCE端線路速度 clockrate speed
復(fù)位一個硬件接口 clear interface serial unit
顯示接口狀態(tài) show interfaces serial [unit] 1
注:
1.以下給出一個顯示Cisco同步串口狀態(tài)的例子.
Router#show interface serial 0
Serial 0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is MCI Serial
Internet address is 150.136.190.203, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 0:00:07, output 0:00:00, output hang never
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Five minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
16263 packets input, 1347238 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 13983 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
2 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 2 abort
22146 packets output, 2383680 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets, 0 restarts
1 carrier transitions
2. 舉例
設(shè)置如下：
Router1:
interface Serial0
ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0
clockrate 1000000
Router2:
interface Serial0
ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0
!
3. 舉例使用E1線路實現(xiàn)多個64K專線連接.
相關(guān)命令:
進入controller配置模式 controller {t1 | e1} number
選擇幀類型 framing {crc4 | no-crc4}
選擇line-code類型 linecode {ami | b8zs | hdb3}
建立邏輯通道組與時隙的映射 channel-group number timeslots range1
顯示controllers接口狀態(tài) show controllers e1 [slot/port]2
注:
1. 當(dāng)鏈路為T1時,channel-group編號為0-23, Timeslot范圍1-24; 當(dāng)鏈路為E1時, channel-group編號為0-30, Timeslot范圍1-31.
2.使用show controllers e1觀察controller狀態(tài),以下為幀類型為crc4時controllers正常的狀態(tài).
Router# show controllers e1
e1 0/0 is up.
Applique type is Channelized E1 - unbalanced
Framing is CRC4, Line Code is HDB3 No alarms detected.
Data in current interval (725 seconds elapsed):
0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations
0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins
0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs
Total Data (last 24 hours) 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations,
0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins,
0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs
以下例子為E1連接3條64K專線, 幀類型為NO-CRC4,非平衡鏈路,路由器具體設(shè)置如下:
shanxi#wri t
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname shanxi
!
enable secret 5 $1$XN08$Ttr8nfLoP9.2RgZhcBzkk/
enable password shanxi
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
controller E1 0
framing NO-CRC4
channel-group 0 timeslots 1
channel-group 1 timeslots 2
channel-group 2 timeslots 3
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 133.118.40.1 255.255.0.0
media-type 10BaseT
!
interface Ethernet1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0:0
ip address 202.119.96.1 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial0:1
ip address 202.119.96.5 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial0:2
ip address 202.119.96.9 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
no ip classless
ip route 133.210.40.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:0
ip route 133.210.41.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:1
ip route 133.210.42.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:2
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password shanxi
login
!
end
通過配置靜態(tài)路由，用戶可以人為地指定對某一網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問時所要經(jīng)過的路徑,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，且一般到達某一網(wǎng)絡(luò)所經(jīng)過的路徑的情況下采用靜態(tài)路由。
建立靜態(tài)路由： ip route prefix mask {address | interface} [distance] [tag tag][permanent]
Prefix :所要到達的目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)
mask :子網(wǎng)掩碼
address :下一個跳的IP地址，即相鄰路由器的端口地址。
interface :本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口
distance :管理距離（可選）
tag tag :tag值（可選）
permanent :指定此路由即使該端口關(guān)掉也不被移掉。
以下在Router1上設(shè)置了訪問192.1.0.64/26這個網(wǎng)下一跳地址為192.200.10.6,即當(dāng)有目的地址屬于192.1.0.64/26的網(wǎng)絡(luò)范圍的數(shù)據(jù)報，應(yīng)將其路由到地址為192.200.10.6的相鄰路由器。在Router3上設(shè)置了訪問192.1.0.128/26及192.200.10.4/30這二個網(wǎng)下一跳地址為192.1.0.65。由于在Router1上端口Serial 0地址為192.200.10.5，192.200.10.4/30這個網(wǎng)屬于直連的網(wǎng)，已經(jīng)存在訪問192.200.10.4/30的路徑，所以不需要在Router1上添加靜態(tài)路由。
Router1:
ip route 192.1.0.64 255.255.255.192 192.200.10.6
Router3:
ip route 192.1.0.128 255.255.255.192 192.1.0.65
ip route 192.200.10.4 255.255.255.252 192.1.0.65
同時由于路由器Router3除了與路由器Router2相連外，不再與其他路由器相連，所以也可以為它賦予一條默認路由以代替以上的二條靜態(tài)路由，ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.1.0.65 即只要沒有在路由表里找到去特定目的地址的路徑,則數(shù)據(jù)均被路由到地址為192.1.0.65的相鄰路由器。
廣域網(wǎng)設(shè)置：
一、HDLC
HDLC是CISCO路由器使用的缺省協(xié)議，一臺新路由器在未指定封裝協(xié)議時默認使用HDLC封裝。
1. 有關(guān)命令
端口設(shè)置:
設(shè)置HDLC封裝 encapsulation hdlc
設(shè)置DCE端線路速度 clockrate speed
復(fù)位一個硬件接口 clear interface serial unit
顯示接口狀態(tài) show interfaces serial [unit] 1
注:
1.以下給出一個顯示Cisco同步串口狀態(tài)的例子.
Router#show interface serial 0
Serial 0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is MCI Serial
Internet address is 150.136.190.203, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 0:00:07, output 0:00:00, output hang never
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Five minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
16263 packets input, 1347238 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 13983 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
2 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 2 abort
22146 packets output, 2383680 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets, 0 restarts
1 carrier transitions
2. 舉例
設(shè)置如下：
Router1:
interface Serial0
ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0
clockrate 1000000
Router2:
interface Serial0
ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0
!
3. 舉例使用E1線路實現(xiàn)多個64K專線連接.
相關(guān)命令:
進入controller配置模式 controller {t1 | e1} number
選擇幀類型 framing {crc4 | no-crc4}
選擇line-code類型 linecode {ami | b8zs | hdb3}
建立邏輯通道組與時隙的映射 channel-group number timeslots range1
顯示controllers接口狀態(tài) show controllers e1 [slot/port]2
注:
1. 當(dāng)鏈路為T1時,channel-group編號為0-23, Timeslot范圍1-24; 當(dāng)鏈路為E1時, channel-group編號為0-30, Timeslot范圍1-31.
2.使用show controllers e1觀察controller狀態(tài),以下為幀類型為crc4時controllers正常的狀態(tài).
Router# show controllers e1
e1 0/0 is up.
Applique type is Channelized E1 - unbalanced
Framing is CRC4, Line Code is HDB3 No alarms detected.
Data in current interval (725 seconds elapsed):
0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations
0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins
0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs
Total Data (last 24 hours) 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations,
0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins,
0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 0 Unavail Secs
以下例子為E1連接3條64K專線, 幀類型為NO-CRC4,非平衡鏈路,路由器具體設(shè)置如下:
shanxi#wri t
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname shanxi
!
enable secret 5 $1$XN08$Ttr8nfLoP9.2RgZhcBzkk/
enable password shanxi
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
controller E1 0
framing NO-CRC4
channel-group 0 timeslots 1
channel-group 1 timeslots 2
channel-group 2 timeslots 3
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 133.118.40.1 255.255.0.0
media-type 10BaseT
!
interface Ethernet1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0:0
ip address 202.119.96.1 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial0:1
ip address 202.119.96.5 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial0:2
ip address 202.119.96.9 255.255.255.252
no ip mroute-cache
!
no ip classless
ip route 133.210.40.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:0
ip route 133.210.41.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:1
ip route 133.210.42.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0:2
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password shanxi
login
!
end