Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events.In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area.Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
59. What is the passage mainly about
[A] Needs of the readers all over the world.
[B] Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.
[C] Origins of the declining newspaper industry.
[D] Aims of a journalism credibility project.
60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .
[A] quite trustworthy
[B] somewhat contradictory
[C] very illuminating
[D] rather superficial
61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their .
[A] working attitude
[B] conventional lifestyle
[C] world outlook
[D] educational background
62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its .
[A] failure to realize its real problem
[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters
[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
[D] prejudice in matters of race and gender
alien1n.①外僑;②外星人;a.①外國的;②(from)相異的;③(to)不相容的
analysis8n.分析,分解
annoy3v.使惱怒,使生氣,打攪
astonish1v.使驚訝,使吃驚
attitude14n.①(to,towards)態(tài)度,看法;②姿勢
background6n.背景,經(jīng)歷
bias7n./v.(使有)偏見,偏心,偏袒
business36n.①商業(yè),生意;②事務(wù),業(yè)務(wù),職責(zé);③企業(yè);④貿(mào)易量;⑤行業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)
cause28n.①原因,理由;②事業(yè),事件,奮斗目標(biāo);v.使產(chǎn)生,引起
clash1v.碰撞;n.碰撞聲
combine5v.①(with)(使)結(jié)合,聯(lián)合;②(使)化合
community17n.①同一地區(qū)的全體居民,社會,社區(qū);②共同體,團(tuán)體
complain3v.①(about,of)抱怨;②申訴
confuse9v.使混亂,混淆
conventional4a.慣例的,常規(guī)的
culture21n.①修養(yǎng),教養(yǎng);②文化,文明
decline14v./n.①下傾,下降,下垂,衰落;②斜面,傾斜;v.拒絕,謝絕
dedicate5v.奉獻(xiàn),把...用在
define7v.①給...下定義;②限定,規(guī)定;③解釋,闡述
despite5prep.不管,不顧
differ3v.①(from)與...不同;②(with)與...意見不同
editor2n.編輯,編者
elite4n.①[總稱]上層人士,掌權(quán)人物,實力集團(tuán);②出類拔萃的人(集團(tuán)),精英
employee7n.雇工,雇員
error5n.錯誤,過失
explosive1a.爆炸(性)的,爆發(fā)(性)的;n.爆炸物,炸藥
failure6n.①失敗,不及格;②失敗者;③故障,失靈;④未能
finding6n.①發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)物;②[常pl.]調(diào)查(研究)結(jié)果
flee1v.①逃走;②逃避
focus12n.焦點(diǎn),(活動,興趣等的)中心;v.(on/upon)使聚集,集中
former10a.①前任的;②以前的,在前的;pron.前者
gender1n.性,性別
grammar1n.語法,語法書
illuminate1v.①照亮,照明;②啟發(fā),闡釋
journalist12n.記者,新聞工作者
maid1n.少女,處女,女仆
metropolitan1a.首都的,主要都市的,大城市的
narrative1a.敘述性的;n.敘述
neighborhood2n.①鄰居;②地區(qū)
organization6n.①組織體制;②團(tuán)體,機(jī)構(gòu)
origin5n.①起源,由來;②出身,來歷
outlook3n.①景色,風(fēng)光;②觀點(diǎn),見解;③展望,前景
owing2a.①欠的,未付的;②(to)由于,因為
painful5a.疼痛的,使痛苦的
pattern11n.①模式,式樣;②圖案,圖樣;v.仿制,模仿
phone3n.電話,電話機(jī);v.(給...)打電話
plug1n.塞子,插頭;v.堵,塞
plus1prep.加上;a.正的,加的;n.加號,正號
prejudice4n.①偏見,成見;②損害,侵害;v.抱有(存有)偏見
project8n.方案,計劃,項目;v.①投射,放映;②(使)凸出,(使)伸出;③設(shè)計規(guī)劃
questionnaire1n.調(diào)查表,問卷
random3a.隨機(jī)的,隨意的;n.隨機(jī),隨意
reflect8v.①反映,表現(xiàn);②反省,考慮;③反射
reporter5n.①報告人,通訊員;②記者,報導(dǎo)者
resident4n.居民,常住者;a.居住的
result37n.結(jié)果,成果,成績;v.①(in)導(dǎo)致,結(jié)果是;②(from)起因于,因...而造成
scratch1v.抓,搔,扒;n.①抓,搔,抓痕;②起跑線
social38a.①社會的;②社交的,交際的;n.社交活動
somewhat5ad.稍微,有點(diǎn)
source11n.①源,源泉;②來源,出處
spelling1n.拼法,拼寫
sponsor2n.發(fā)起人,主力者,保證人;v.發(fā)起,主辦
stock9n.①備料,庫存,現(xiàn)貨;②股票,公債;③無生命之物;④群,家庭,家系;v.儲存
story11n.①描述;②故事;③報道;④謊話;⑤樓層
structure13n.①結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造;②建筑物;v.構(gòu)造,建造
superficial2a.①表面的;②膚淺的,淺薄的
survey5v./n.①俯瞰,眺望;②全面審視,調(diào)查;③測量圖,勘定
symposium1n.①討論會,專題報告會;②專題論文集
tend26v.①趨向,往往是;②照料,看護(hù)
tendency1n.趨向,趨勢,傾向
view28n.①景象,風(fēng)景;②觀點(diǎn),見解;③觀察,觀看;④眼界;v.看待,觀察,考慮
volunteer1n.①自愿(者,兵);②自愿(提供);a.志愿的,義務(wù)的
word36n.①詞,單詞;②[常pl.]話;③消息,傳說;④諾言,保證;v.用言語表達(dá)
writer10n.作者,作家
backbone1n.脊椎,骨干,毅力,決心
contradictory2a.反駁的,反對的,抗辯的;n.矛盾因素,對立物
credibility2n.可信性
cultural11a.文化的
disappointment2n.失望
diversity4n.差異,多樣性
factual3a.事實的,實際的
inaccuracy1n.錯誤
inaccurate2a.錯誤的,不準(zhǔn)確的
journalism3n.新聞業(yè),報章雜志
lifestyle3n.生活方式
likeliness1n.可能性
media9n.媒體
narrowly2ad.勉強(qiáng)地,精細(xì)地
newsroom2n.編輯部,閱覽室
puzzlement1n.迷惑
reportorial1a.記者的
template2n.模板
trustworthy2a.可信賴的
upscale1a.高消費(fèi)的
難句1
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:... this project has turned out to be ... findings ... ;
2. findings前面的mostly lowlevel是findings的修飾成分,后面的about ... 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)是賓語findings的賓語補(bǔ)足語;
3. 逗號后面的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)combined是狀語成分,表示一種伴隨的動作;
[本句難點(diǎn)]從句關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜,其中兩個about短語結(jié)構(gòu)都是相應(yīng)賓語的補(bǔ)充說明成分;
[方法對策]找出主句,然后再分析其修飾成分;headscratching:令人困惑的
[例句精譯]遺憾的是,這次調(diào)查的結(jié)果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn),諸如新聞報道中的事實錯誤、拼寫或語法錯誤,以及特別令人費(fèi)解的困惑:讀者到底想讀些什么。
難句2
In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句主干部分是:... there is a conventional story line...;
2. 主干后面的that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾說明conventional story line,此定語從句中,that在從句中充當(dāng)定語,謂語是provide,賓語是and連接的兩個并列賓語;
[本句難點(diǎn)]本句包含一個定語從句;主要在于要理解一些單詞詞組的含義;
[方法對策]in other words:換言之;conventional:傳統(tǒng)的;story line:新聞報道的情節(jié);newsroom culture:報社文化;backbone:骨架,框架;readymade:現(xiàn)成的;
[例句精譯]換言之,在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式,為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報道提供了一個中心思路和現(xiàn)成的故事編寫框架。
難句3
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they'reless likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句主干部分是:Replies show +that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;
2. 賓語從句包含一個 more likely to ... ,less likely to 比較選擇結(jié)構(gòu);過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)compared with other Americans為狀語成分,表示伴隨的動作;
[本句難點(diǎn)]本句包含一個賓語從句,賓語從句中有包含了一個比較選擇結(jié)構(gòu);
[方法對策]分別找出主句和從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu),就容易掌握其主要意思;put down roots:定居,開始新生活
[例句精譯]結(jié)果表明,與其他美國人相比,新聞記者更有可能居住在富人區(qū)、有女傭、有奔馳車、有股票,而他們?nèi)ソ烫谩⒓由鐓^(qū)自愿服務(wù)、扎根社區(qū)的可能性卻很小。
難句4
The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:The astonishing distrust ... isnt rooted in ... but in ... ,其中包含一個not ... but ... 結(jié)構(gòu);
2. 一般的在有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的句子中,轉(zhuǎn)折詞后面的是閱讀的重點(diǎn),本句not... but... 結(jié)構(gòu),but后的語句是閱讀的重點(diǎn);
[本句難點(diǎn)]主要是對not ... but ... 結(jié)構(gòu)的理解;
[方法對策]抓住句子主干成分,然后再逐層分析其他成分;
[例句精譯]讀者對新聞媒介令人震驚的不信任的根源并非是報道失實或低劣的報道技巧,而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著沖突。
難句5
If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:if條件狀語從句+主句(使用了虛擬語氣);
2. 主句主語是it,指上句的a troubled business,指問題很多的新聞界;謂語would后面是and連接的兩個并列賓語:open up和look for;
3. 過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)短語:now focused narrowly on race and gender補(bǔ)充說明diversity program;
4.本句中還包含一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾reporters;
[本句難點(diǎn)]主要是對主句虛擬語氣以及并列賓語的理解;
[方法對策]找出主干,然后分析其他成分;
[例句精譯]如果它能注意這個問題的話,它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開展其雇員多樣化計劃,進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價值觀、教育水平和社會階層各不相同的各種記者,而不是只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工。
59.[答案] B
[解析]本文講了美國讀者對新聞報道不信任乃至失望的根本原因,那就是新聞記者們不與社會大眾處于同一階層,因此寫出的報道與大眾脫節(jié)。本題屬于主旨題,只要把文章每段首句串起,即可看出。
60.[答案] D
[解析]問題:"新聞可信度調(diào)查的結(jié)果是......",根據(jù)原文"lowlevel findings"可得出D為正確答案。
61.[答案] C
[解析]第六段講:"The astonishing distrust ... in the clash of world views between reporters and their readers"故知C為根本原因。生活方式不同(B)和教育背景不同(D)導(dǎo)致了C,所以C是根本原因,A文中根本沒提。而且問題用"world outlook"取代了原文"world views"。
62.[答案] A
[解析]報社根本沒有意識到它所面臨的根本性問題是它雇傭的記者們和大眾不是生活在一個層面上的人,因此這些記者們的世界觀(world views)與老百姓根本不一樣,所以他們的"attitudes vastly annoy the customers"。(注意是他們的attitudes而不是他們本人特別地annoying)。所以選A。郭崇興老師再次提醒大家:照抄原文(annoy)的,很可能是陷阱。
為什么那么多美國人不相信自己在報紙上看到的東西?美國新聞編輯協(xié)會正試圖回答這個令人頭痛的問題。該組織正在深入進(jìn)行一次長期的自我分析調(diào)查,即新聞可信度調(diào)查。
遺憾的是,這次調(diào)查的結(jié)果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn),諸如新聞報道中的事實錯誤、拼寫或語法錯誤,以及特別令人費(fèi)解的困惑:讀者到底想讀些什么。
但這種對媒體的不信任有更深刻的根源。多數(shù)新聞記者都學(xué)著用一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式去看待世界,并把每天發(fā)生的事件納入這種模式。換言之,在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式,為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報道提供了一個中心思路和現(xiàn)成的故事編寫框架。
新聞記者和讀者之間存在著社會和文化方面的脫節(jié),這就是為什么新聞編輯室的"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式"與眾多讀者的意趣相差甚遠(yuǎn)的原因。在最近一次調(diào)查中,問卷被送到了全國五座中等城市及一座大都市的記者手中。然后隨機(jī)地給這些城市的居民打電話,問他們同樣的問題。
結(jié)果表明,與其他美國人相比,新聞記者更有可能居住在富人區(qū)、有女傭、有奔馳車、有股票,而他們?nèi)ソ烫?、參加社區(qū)自愿服務(wù)、扎根社區(qū)的可能性卻很小。
記者們往往屬于廣義的社會文化精英的一個部分,因此他們的作品往往反映了這些精英傳統(tǒng)的價值觀。讀者對新聞媒介令人震驚的不信任的根源并非是報道失實或低劣的報道技巧,而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著沖突。
這對任何一個工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)來說都算是爆炸性的形勢,對于一個正在衰落的行業(yè)來說尤其如此。這是一個處于困境的行業(yè),卻不斷地雇用態(tài)度令讀者厭煩的雇員。然后它又辦許多研討會和開展可信度調(diào)查,去探究為什么顧客們惱火了,為什么會有那么多人逃避新聞等等。但它似乎從來就沒能抽出時間去注意那么多以前的顧客所抱怨的文化和階級偏見。如果它能注意這個問題的話,它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開展其雇員多樣化計劃,進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價值觀、教育水平和社會階層各不相同的各種記者,而不是只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工。
59. 本文主要探討的是什么?
[A] 世界各地讀者的需求
[B] 公眾對報紙失望的原因
[C] 新聞業(yè)衰敗的根源
[D] 新聞可信度調(diào)查項目的目的
60. 新聞可信度調(diào)查的結(jié)果是。
[A] 相當(dāng)可信的
[B] 有點(diǎn)矛盾的
[C] 很有啟發(fā)性的
[D] 非常膚淺的
61. 作者指出:新聞記者的基本問題在于他們的。
[A] 工作態(tài)度
[B] 傳統(tǒng)的生活方式
[C] 世界觀
[D] 教育背景
62. 盡管新聞界作出了努力,但還是不能滿足讀者的需求,這是因為。
[A] 沒有認(rèn)識到它所面臨的真正問題
[B] 往往雇用令人厭煩的記者
[C] 可能作失實的報道
[D] 存在種族和性別偏見
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events.In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area.Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
59. What is the passage mainly about
[A] Needs of the readers all over the world.
[B] Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.
[C] Origins of the declining newspaper industry.
[D] Aims of a journalism credibility project.
60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .
[A] quite trustworthy
[B] somewhat contradictory
[C] very illuminating
[D] rather superficial
61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their .
[A] working attitude
[B] conventional lifestyle
[C] world outlook
[D] educational background
62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its .
[A] failure to realize its real problem
[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters
[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
[D] prejudice in matters of race and gender
alien1n.①外僑;②外星人;a.①外國的;②(from)相異的;③(to)不相容的
analysis8n.分析,分解
annoy3v.使惱怒,使生氣,打攪
astonish1v.使驚訝,使吃驚
attitude14n.①(to,towards)態(tài)度,看法;②姿勢
background6n.背景,經(jīng)歷
bias7n./v.(使有)偏見,偏心,偏袒
business36n.①商業(yè),生意;②事務(wù),業(yè)務(wù),職責(zé);③企業(yè);④貿(mào)易量;⑤行業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)
cause28n.①原因,理由;②事業(yè),事件,奮斗目標(biāo);v.使產(chǎn)生,引起
clash1v.碰撞;n.碰撞聲
combine5v.①(with)(使)結(jié)合,聯(lián)合;②(使)化合
community17n.①同一地區(qū)的全體居民,社會,社區(qū);②共同體,團(tuán)體
complain3v.①(about,of)抱怨;②申訴
confuse9v.使混亂,混淆
conventional4a.慣例的,常規(guī)的
culture21n.①修養(yǎng),教養(yǎng);②文化,文明
decline14v./n.①下傾,下降,下垂,衰落;②斜面,傾斜;v.拒絕,謝絕
dedicate5v.奉獻(xiàn),把...用在
define7v.①給...下定義;②限定,規(guī)定;③解釋,闡述
despite5prep.不管,不顧
differ3v.①(from)與...不同;②(with)與...意見不同
editor2n.編輯,編者
elite4n.①[總稱]上層人士,掌權(quán)人物,實力集團(tuán);②出類拔萃的人(集團(tuán)),精英
employee7n.雇工,雇員
error5n.錯誤,過失
explosive1a.爆炸(性)的,爆發(fā)(性)的;n.爆炸物,炸藥
failure6n.①失敗,不及格;②失敗者;③故障,失靈;④未能
finding6n.①發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)物;②[常pl.]調(diào)查(研究)結(jié)果
flee1v.①逃走;②逃避
focus12n.焦點(diǎn),(活動,興趣等的)中心;v.(on/upon)使聚集,集中
former10a.①前任的;②以前的,在前的;pron.前者
gender1n.性,性別
grammar1n.語法,語法書
illuminate1v.①照亮,照明;②啟發(fā),闡釋
journalist12n.記者,新聞工作者
maid1n.少女,處女,女仆
metropolitan1a.首都的,主要都市的,大城市的
narrative1a.敘述性的;n.敘述
neighborhood2n.①鄰居;②地區(qū)
organization6n.①組織體制;②團(tuán)體,機(jī)構(gòu)
origin5n.①起源,由來;②出身,來歷
outlook3n.①景色,風(fēng)光;②觀點(diǎn),見解;③展望,前景
owing2a.①欠的,未付的;②(to)由于,因為
painful5a.疼痛的,使痛苦的
pattern11n.①模式,式樣;②圖案,圖樣;v.仿制,模仿
phone3n.電話,電話機(jī);v.(給...)打電話
plug1n.塞子,插頭;v.堵,塞
plus1prep.加上;a.正的,加的;n.加號,正號
prejudice4n.①偏見,成見;②損害,侵害;v.抱有(存有)偏見
project8n.方案,計劃,項目;v.①投射,放映;②(使)凸出,(使)伸出;③設(shè)計規(guī)劃
questionnaire1n.調(diào)查表,問卷
random3a.隨機(jī)的,隨意的;n.隨機(jī),隨意
reflect8v.①反映,表現(xiàn);②反省,考慮;③反射
reporter5n.①報告人,通訊員;②記者,報導(dǎo)者
resident4n.居民,常住者;a.居住的
result37n.結(jié)果,成果,成績;v.①(in)導(dǎo)致,結(jié)果是;②(from)起因于,因...而造成
scratch1v.抓,搔,扒;n.①抓,搔,抓痕;②起跑線
social38a.①社會的;②社交的,交際的;n.社交活動
somewhat5ad.稍微,有點(diǎn)
source11n.①源,源泉;②來源,出處
spelling1n.拼法,拼寫
sponsor2n.發(fā)起人,主力者,保證人;v.發(fā)起,主辦
stock9n.①備料,庫存,現(xiàn)貨;②股票,公債;③無生命之物;④群,家庭,家系;v.儲存
story11n.①描述;②故事;③報道;④謊話;⑤樓層
structure13n.①結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造;②建筑物;v.構(gòu)造,建造
superficial2a.①表面的;②膚淺的,淺薄的
survey5v./n.①俯瞰,眺望;②全面審視,調(diào)查;③測量圖,勘定
symposium1n.①討論會,專題報告會;②專題論文集
tend26v.①趨向,往往是;②照料,看護(hù)
tendency1n.趨向,趨勢,傾向
view28n.①景象,風(fēng)景;②觀點(diǎn),見解;③觀察,觀看;④眼界;v.看待,觀察,考慮
volunteer1n.①自愿(者,兵);②自愿(提供);a.志愿的,義務(wù)的
word36n.①詞,單詞;②[常pl.]話;③消息,傳說;④諾言,保證;v.用言語表達(dá)
writer10n.作者,作家
backbone1n.脊椎,骨干,毅力,決心
contradictory2a.反駁的,反對的,抗辯的;n.矛盾因素,對立物
credibility2n.可信性
cultural11a.文化的
disappointment2n.失望
diversity4n.差異,多樣性
factual3a.事實的,實際的
inaccuracy1n.錯誤
inaccurate2a.錯誤的,不準(zhǔn)確的
journalism3n.新聞業(yè),報章雜志
lifestyle3n.生活方式
likeliness1n.可能性
media9n.媒體
narrowly2ad.勉強(qiáng)地,精細(xì)地
newsroom2n.編輯部,閱覽室
puzzlement1n.迷惑
reportorial1a.記者的
template2n.模板
trustworthy2a.可信賴的
upscale1a.高消費(fèi)的
難句1
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:... this project has turned out to be ... findings ... ;
2. findings前面的mostly lowlevel是findings的修飾成分,后面的about ... 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)是賓語findings的賓語補(bǔ)足語;
3. 逗號后面的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)combined是狀語成分,表示一種伴隨的動作;
[本句難點(diǎn)]從句關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜,其中兩個about短語結(jié)構(gòu)都是相應(yīng)賓語的補(bǔ)充說明成分;
[方法對策]找出主句,然后再分析其修飾成分;headscratching:令人困惑的
[例句精譯]遺憾的是,這次調(diào)查的結(jié)果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn),諸如新聞報道中的事實錯誤、拼寫或語法錯誤,以及特別令人費(fèi)解的困惑:讀者到底想讀些什么。
難句2
In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句主干部分是:... there is a conventional story line...;
2. 主干后面的that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾說明conventional story line,此定語從句中,that在從句中充當(dāng)定語,謂語是provide,賓語是and連接的兩個并列賓語;
[本句難點(diǎn)]本句包含一個定語從句;主要在于要理解一些單詞詞組的含義;
[方法對策]in other words:換言之;conventional:傳統(tǒng)的;story line:新聞報道的情節(jié);newsroom culture:報社文化;backbone:骨架,框架;readymade:現(xiàn)成的;
[例句精譯]換言之,在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式,為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報道提供了一個中心思路和現(xiàn)成的故事編寫框架。
難句3
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they'reless likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句主干部分是:Replies show +that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;
2. 賓語從句包含一個 more likely to ... ,less likely to 比較選擇結(jié)構(gòu);過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)compared with other Americans為狀語成分,表示伴隨的動作;
[本句難點(diǎn)]本句包含一個賓語從句,賓語從句中有包含了一個比較選擇結(jié)構(gòu);
[方法對策]分別找出主句和從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu),就容易掌握其主要意思;put down roots:定居,開始新生活
[例句精譯]結(jié)果表明,與其他美國人相比,新聞記者更有可能居住在富人區(qū)、有女傭、有奔馳車、有股票,而他們?nèi)ソ烫谩⒓由鐓^(qū)自愿服務(wù)、扎根社區(qū)的可能性卻很小。
難句4
The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:The astonishing distrust ... isnt rooted in ... but in ... ,其中包含一個not ... but ... 結(jié)構(gòu);
2. 一般的在有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的句子中,轉(zhuǎn)折詞后面的是閱讀的重點(diǎn),本句not... but... 結(jié)構(gòu),but后的語句是閱讀的重點(diǎn);
[本句難點(diǎn)]主要是對not ... but ... 結(jié)構(gòu)的理解;
[方法對策]抓住句子主干成分,然后再逐層分析其他成分;
[例句精譯]讀者對新聞媒介令人震驚的不信任的根源并非是報道失實或低劣的報道技巧,而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著沖突。
難句5
If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
1. 本句句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:if條件狀語從句+主句(使用了虛擬語氣);
2. 主句主語是it,指上句的a troubled business,指問題很多的新聞界;謂語would后面是and連接的兩個并列賓語:open up和look for;
3. 過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)短語:now focused narrowly on race and gender補(bǔ)充說明diversity program;
4.本句中還包含一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾reporters;
[本句難點(diǎn)]主要是對主句虛擬語氣以及并列賓語的理解;
[方法對策]找出主干,然后分析其他成分;
[例句精譯]如果它能注意這個問題的話,它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開展其雇員多樣化計劃,進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價值觀、教育水平和社會階層各不相同的各種記者,而不是只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工。
59.[答案] B
[解析]本文講了美國讀者對新聞報道不信任乃至失望的根本原因,那就是新聞記者們不與社會大眾處于同一階層,因此寫出的報道與大眾脫節(jié)。本題屬于主旨題,只要把文章每段首句串起,即可看出。
60.[答案] D
[解析]問題:"新聞可信度調(diào)查的結(jié)果是......",根據(jù)原文"lowlevel findings"可得出D為正確答案。
61.[答案] C
[解析]第六段講:"The astonishing distrust ... in the clash of world views between reporters and their readers"故知C為根本原因。生活方式不同(B)和教育背景不同(D)導(dǎo)致了C,所以C是根本原因,A文中根本沒提。而且問題用"world outlook"取代了原文"world views"。
62.[答案] A
[解析]報社根本沒有意識到它所面臨的根本性問題是它雇傭的記者們和大眾不是生活在一個層面上的人,因此這些記者們的世界觀(world views)與老百姓根本不一樣,所以他們的"attitudes vastly annoy the customers"。(注意是他們的attitudes而不是他們本人特別地annoying)。所以選A。郭崇興老師再次提醒大家:照抄原文(annoy)的,很可能是陷阱。
為什么那么多美國人不相信自己在報紙上看到的東西?美國新聞編輯協(xié)會正試圖回答這個令人頭痛的問題。該組織正在深入進(jìn)行一次長期的自我分析調(diào)查,即新聞可信度調(diào)查。
遺憾的是,這次調(diào)查的結(jié)果只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn),諸如新聞報道中的事實錯誤、拼寫或語法錯誤,以及特別令人費(fèi)解的困惑:讀者到底想讀些什么。
但這種對媒體的不信任有更深刻的根源。多數(shù)新聞記者都學(xué)著用一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式去看待世界,并把每天發(fā)生的事件納入這種模式。換言之,在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式,為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報道提供了一個中心思路和現(xiàn)成的故事編寫框架。
新聞記者和讀者之間存在著社會和文化方面的脫節(jié),這就是為什么新聞編輯室的"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式"與眾多讀者的意趣相差甚遠(yuǎn)的原因。在最近一次調(diào)查中,問卷被送到了全國五座中等城市及一座大都市的記者手中。然后隨機(jī)地給這些城市的居民打電話,問他們同樣的問題。
結(jié)果表明,與其他美國人相比,新聞記者更有可能居住在富人區(qū)、有女傭、有奔馳車、有股票,而他們?nèi)ソ烫?、參加社區(qū)自愿服務(wù)、扎根社區(qū)的可能性卻很小。
記者們往往屬于廣義的社會文化精英的一個部分,因此他們的作品往往反映了這些精英傳統(tǒng)的價值觀。讀者對新聞媒介令人震驚的不信任的根源并非是報道失實或低劣的報道技巧,而是記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著沖突。
這對任何一個工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)來說都算是爆炸性的形勢,對于一個正在衰落的行業(yè)來說尤其如此。這是一個處于困境的行業(yè),卻不斷地雇用態(tài)度令讀者厭煩的雇員。然后它又辦許多研討會和開展可信度調(diào)查,去探究為什么顧客們惱火了,為什么會有那么多人逃避新聞等等。但它似乎從來就沒能抽出時間去注意那么多以前的顧客所抱怨的文化和階級偏見。如果它能注意這個問題的話,它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開展其雇員多樣化計劃,進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價值觀、教育水平和社會階層各不相同的各種記者,而不是只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工。
59. 本文主要探討的是什么?
[A] 世界各地讀者的需求
[B] 公眾對報紙失望的原因
[C] 新聞業(yè)衰敗的根源
[D] 新聞可信度調(diào)查項目的目的
60. 新聞可信度調(diào)查的結(jié)果是。
[A] 相當(dāng)可信的
[B] 有點(diǎn)矛盾的
[C] 很有啟發(fā)性的
[D] 非常膚淺的
61. 作者指出:新聞記者的基本問題在于他們的。
[A] 工作態(tài)度
[B] 傳統(tǒng)的生活方式
[C] 世界觀
[D] 教育背景
62. 盡管新聞界作出了努力,但還是不能滿足讀者的需求,這是因為。
[A] 沒有認(rèn)識到它所面臨的真正問題
[B] 往往雇用令人厭煩的記者
[C] 可能作失實的報道
[D] 存在種族和性別偏見