考研英語歷年真題閱讀理解精讀筆記(十七)

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A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.
    There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.
    Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.
    To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.
     55. Digital divide is something .
    [A] getting worse because of the Internet
    [B] the rich countries are responsible for
    [C] the world must guard against
    [D] considered positive today
    56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it .
    [A] offers economic potentials
    [B] can bring foreign funds
    [C] can soon wipe out world poverty
    [D] connects people all over the world
    57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of .
    [A] providing financial support overseas
    [B] preventing foreign capital's control
    [C] building industrial infrastructure
    [D] accepting foreign investment
    58. It seems that now a country's economy depends much on .
    [A] how well developed it is electronically
    [B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
    [C] whether it adopts America's industrial pattern
    [D] how much control it has over foreign corporations
    access5n.①接近,進入;②入口,通道;③接近(或進入)的方法
    adopt4v.①采用,采納,通過;②收養(yǎng)
    attach4v.①(to)縛上,系上,貼上;②使依附,使隸屬,使依戀;③附加,附帶;④把...放在
    attention14n.①注意(力),留心;②立正
    billion11num./n.[美]十億,[英]萬億
    business36n.①商業(yè),生意;②事務(wù),業(yè)務(wù),職責(zé);③企業(yè);④貿(mào)易量;⑤行業(yè),業(yè)務(wù)
    capital7n.①首都,首府;②大寫字母;③資本,資金;④資產(chǎn)階級;a.首位的,最重要的,
    colonial1a.殖民(地)的
    colony3n.殖民地
    combat1v./n.戰(zhàn)斗,搏斗,格斗
    corporation10n.公司,企業(yè),團體
    decade18n.十年
    depend16v.(on)取決于,依靠,信賴,相信
    digital5a.數(shù)字的
    division2n.①分,分割;②部門,科,處;③除法
    economic23a.經(jīng)濟(上)的,經(jīng)濟學(xué)的
    economy29n.①節(jié)約;②經(jīng)濟
    electronic8a.電子的
    enormous4a.巨大的,龐大的
    finance3n.①財政,金融;②資金;v.為...提供資金
    financial11a.財政的,金融的
    former10a.①前任的;②以前的,在前的;pron.前者
    foundation1n.①基礎(chǔ),根本,建立,創(chuàng)立;②地基,基金,基金會
    fund14n.資金,基金;v.資助,投資
    harbor1n.①港口,海港;②避難所,藏身處;v.隱匿,窩藏,包庇
    highway1n.公路,大路
    immigrant10a.(從國外)移來的,移民的;n.移民,僑民
    importance10n.重要,重要性
    industrial12a.工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的
    information44n.①通知,報告;②情報,信息
    infrastructure5n.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
    invasion1n.侵入,侵略
    invest4v.投資
    investment11n.投資,投資額
    justify8v.證明...是正當(dāng)?shù)?,?..辯護
    loom1n.織布機,織機;v.隱現(xiàn),迫近
    narrow5a.狹窄的,狹隘的;v.①限制,限定;②變窄,收縮
    optimistic6a.樂觀主義的
    overseas2a.外國的,海外的;ad.在海外
    pattern11n.①模式,式樣;②圖案,圖樣;v.仿制,模仿
    planet6n.行星
    policy12n.政策,方針
    positive4a.①確實的,明確的;②積極的,肯定的;③正的,陽性的;④十足的,完全的;n.(攝影)正片
    potential13a.潛在的,可能的;n.潛能,潛力
    poverty5n.貧窮,貧困
    powerful10a.強大的,有力的,有權(quán)的
    prejudice4n.①偏見,成見;②損害,侵害;v.抱有(存有)偏見
    reason26n.①理由,原因;②理性,理智;v.①推論,推理;②說服,評理;③討論,辯論
    recognize8v.①認(rèn)出,識別;②承認(rèn)
    responsible11a.①(for,to)應(yīng)負責(zé)的,有責(zé)任的;②可靠的,可信賴的;③責(zé)任重大的,
    result37n.結(jié)果,成果,成績;v.①(in)導(dǎo)致,結(jié)果是;②(from)起因于,因...而造成
    visible2a.看得見的,可見的
    writer10n.作者,作家
    advantage13n.優(yōu)勢,有利條件
    commercialize1v.使商業(yè)化,使商品化
    electronically1ad.電子地
    impoverish1vt.使貧窮,使枯竭
    info1n.①消息;②資料;③信息
    online8n.聯(lián)機,在線
    outdate1vt.使過時
    sovereignty1n.君主,主權(quán),主權(quán)國家
    structural2a.結(jié)構(gòu)的,建筑的
    technological9a.科技的
    telecom3n.(=telecommunication)電信
    universalize1vt.使一般化,使普遍化
    難句1
    A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor.
    [結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
    1. 本句句子主干是:... attention is being paid ... to ... digital divide...;
    2. 破折號后面名詞性短語是對digital divide的解釋說明;
    [本句難點]主要是破折號后面的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)的理解
    [方法對策]本句主句比較簡單,破折號后面的內(nèi)容為digital divide的解釋說明成分,可以看作是對digital divide的定義;so called:所謂的;
    [例句精譯]今天,人們十分關(guān)注所謂數(shù)字化的信息差異問題--世界被分為信息富有和信息貧窮兩部分;
    難句2
    As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.
    [結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
    1. 本句主句結(jié)構(gòu)是:... it is in the interest of business to universalize access ...;
    2. 本句句首為as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,表示一種伴隨的動作;
    3. 破折號后面的內(nèi)容是對前面主句內(nèi)容的進一步解釋說明;
    [本句難點]主句結(jié)構(gòu)不好把握,從句內(nèi)容相對復(fù)雜;
    [方法對策]首先找出主句,然后再對其他句子成分分析,從而把握整句內(nèi)容;
    [例句精譯]隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日趨商業(yè)化,網(wǎng)絡(luò)普及對商家是有利的--畢竟,上網(wǎng)人數(shù)越多,潛在的客戶就越多。
    難句3
    The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be.
    [結(jié)構(gòu)分析]
    1. 本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)使用了:the more... the better off ...的結(jié)構(gòu),意為:A越......,B越......;
    2. 逗號前面的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)helping...表示一種伴隨的情況;兩個逗號之間為Third Wave 壟斷的非限制性定語從句;
    [本句難點]部分生詞影響理解;
    [方法對策]capital:資金;Third Wave:第三次浪潮,指信息時代;infrastructure:基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu);better off的原形為well off:富裕的,處境好的;
    [例句精譯]你擁有的去建造第三次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(今天主要指電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)的外國資金越多,那么你的情況就越好。
    55.[答案] C
    [解析]本文談到了利用外資,建好基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,擴充互聯(lián)網(wǎng)從而消滅貧困等問題。窮國富國在信息化上的差異不會因互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而擴大,反而會隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及而縮小,故A錯。富國應(yīng)該對這種差異負責(zé)嗎?文中沒說,故B錯。窮富國的信息差異是好事嗎?不可能,故D也錯。從首段可以得出結(jié)論選C。
    56.[答案] A
    [解析]由第二段可以看到,因互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的商業(yè)化和推廣會帶來許多潛在用戶,各國惟恐落后,紛紛普及網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由此可知,一些國家和政府重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是因為其"經(jīng)濟上的潛力",故選A。至于C,文章并未講互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以"soon"消滅世界貧窮。注意:本題問的是"Governments"重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的原因,只能從文章中"Governments"前后去找答案。
    57.[答案] D
    [解析]作者舉美國為例,是為了證明"吸引外資"的正確性從而說服貧困國家放棄成見來吸引外資。
    58.[答案] A
    [解析]本文末段講第三次浪潮的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,主要指電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。(原文:"The more foreign capital you have helping you...")。至于C,原文講應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)美國吸引外資,并未提一定要學(xué)美國"工業(yè)模式"。
    今天,人們十分關(guān)注所謂數(shù)字化的信息差異問題--世界被分為信息富有和信息貧窮兩部分;這個差異確實存在,我和我妻子20年前就曾談及這個面臨的危險。然而,那時還不太明顯的是我們沒有看到有一些抵制信息差異的、新的積極因素的存在。現(xiàn)在我們是完全有理由感到樂觀的。
    一些技術(shù)上的因素使我們有理由期望差異會縮小。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日趨商業(yè)化,網(wǎng)絡(luò)普及對商家是有利的--畢竟,上網(wǎng)人數(shù)越多,潛在的客戶就越多。越來越多的政府,惟恐自己的國家落后,紛紛推廣互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及。一二十年之內(nèi),全球?qū)⒂幸欢畠|人互聯(lián)。因此,我認(rèn)為在未來的數(shù)年中,信息差異將縮小而不會變大。那是好消息,因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很可能成為我們消除所面臨的貧困的有效的工具。
    當(dāng)然,使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不是惟一消滅貧困的方法。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也不是我們所擁有的惟一工具,但它卻有巨大的潛力。
    要想利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng),某些貧困國家必須克服對國外投資所持的過時了的反殖民的種種偏見。那些認(rèn)為外國投資是對本國主權(quán)的侵犯的國家還是研究一下美國的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(社會的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ))建設(shè)歷史。當(dāng)初美國建設(shè)自己的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施時,缺乏必要的資金。因此美國的第二次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施--包括公路、港口,高速公路、港口城市等等--都是用國外資金建造的。英國人、德國人、荷蘭人和法國人都在這個前英國殖民地投資。他們提供資金,美洲移民建造。想想看,現(xiàn)在誰擁有這一切?美國人。我想在巴西或其他任何地方,同樣的事也會變成現(xiàn)實。你擁有的去建造第三次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(今天主要指電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)的外國資金越多,那么你的情況就越好。這并不意味著屈從和受人蒙騙,也不是對外國公司不加控制。但這的確意味著你已認(rèn)識到外國公司對本國能源及通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的重要性,這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所必要的。
     55. 數(shù)字化的信息差異是某種差異。
    [A] 因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而加大的
    [B] 富裕國家應(yīng)該負責(zé)的
    [C] 全世界應(yīng)該預(yù)防的
    [D] 如今被認(rèn)為是具有積極作用的
    56. 政府之所以重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng),是因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
    [A] 提供經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的潛力
    [B] 能帶來外國投資
    [C] 能很快消除貧窮
    [D] 把世界各地的人們連接起來
    57. 作者提到美國這個例子是為了證明的政策是正確的。
    [A] 向海外提供經(jīng)濟援助
    [B] 防止外國資本的控制
    [C] 建設(shè)工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
    [D] 接受外國投資
    58. 現(xiàn)在看來,一個國家的經(jīng)濟似乎很大程度上取決于。
    [A] 該國在電子方面的發(fā)展程度有多高
    [B] 該國是否歧視移民
    [C] 該國是否采用美國的工業(yè)模式
    [D] 該國控制外國公司的力度有多大