美國國務卿科林·鮑威爾（Colin Powell）于10月25日在北京中國大飯店（China World Hotel）舉行記者會，強調(diào)了中美關系的全面性和復雜性。
中國是鮑威爾此次日、中、韓三國之行的第二站。鮑威爾表示，他同中國領導人進行了廣泛的磋商，議題包括向臺灣出售武器、北韓核武項目、經(jīng)濟及人權。 鮑威爾在記者會上發(fā)表了簡短講話并回答了記者的提問。
SECRETARY POWELL：
Good afternoon， ladies and gentlemen I'm very pleased to be back in Beijing and in the course of my visit I've had some very excellent conversations with President Hu and Premier Wen， and especially with my friend and colleague Foreign Minister Li. This is the fifth time that Minister Li and I have met this year， and I look forward to seeing him again later in the year at the APEC meeting in Santiago， Chile toward the end of November.
The range and scope of the issues we discussed today reflect the increasingly global nature of interaction between China and the United States， on a whole host of issues of importance to our nations and to the world， from security threats to bilateral matters. We are showing that we can move forward together. When we disagree， we do so candidly， openly， and in the spirit of trying to find a solution to the disagreements. But， we agreed in so many more areas than that in which we disagree.
We had a good， open， and candid discussion today with respect to human rights， for example， and I am pleased to report that as a result of our conversations today that we have agreed that we will start talks about resuming our human rights dialogue. I expressed our appreciation with China's leadership in the six-party talks. Together， we are dedicated to a Korean peninsula that is free from the threat of nuclear weapons. I also noted that the president is looking forward to his meeting with President Hu in Chile， at the APEC meeting in November and that we are ready to work together to implement the measures agreed to at last November's APEC meetings in Bangkok.
The people of the United States mourn the loss of Chinese citizens who are victims of terror. We express our condolences to the family of the Chinese engineer who was killed in the recent hostage-taking event in Pakistan. And to the families of those who were killed in last June's incident in Afghanistan. Terrorism is global， and we welcome China's continued actions in the global war against terrorism. I appreciate the hospitality of my Chinese host on this visit and want to extend on behalf of the people of the United States our best wishes to the people of China. With that brief statement I'm prepared for your questions.
QUESTION： Do you see Chen Shui-bian's national day speech as a genuine possible opening and， if so， did you try to persuade the Chinese to call Chen's bluff on resuming talks on the 1992 Hong Kong basis？ And， with respect to North Korea， did you ask the Chinese to be more of a participant and less of a mediator in resolving the North Korean impasse？
SECRETARY POWELL： On the second question I think they are a participant. They've been actively participating in the last three rounds， not only convening the rounds， but taking a position， making it clear to the North Koreans that China believed， as we all do， that the denuclearization of the peninsula is what we want to achieve， and that benefits would accrue to the people of North Korea as a result of denuclearization of going forward. So， I see China as a full participant and not just a convener in the talks.
With respect to President Chen Shui-bian's speech， we thought —— the United States thought —— that there might be some elements that the Chinese could work with in improving cross-straits dialogue. The response I received from the Chinese leadership today was that they are still concerned about President Chen Shui-bian's actions and they did not find his statement to be that forthcoming. Nevertheless， we had a good discussion of the situation with respect to Taiwan. I reinforced to our total commitment to our One China Policy， based on the three communiqu？？s， and our responsibilities under the Taiwan Relations Act. We once again said that we felt strongly that both sides should avoid any unilateral actions that might prejudice progress. And， I particularly encouraged the Chinese leaders that I met with today to do everything they could to get into cross-strait dialogues in a more systemic and deliberate way.
QUESTION： I'm from China News Daily. Four years ago， President Bush called China a strategic competitor. Today what do you think about the biggest change in Sino-US relationship？ Second question is what kind of role do you think you play during the process？ Thank you.
SECRETARY POWELL： During what？ I'm sorry.
QUESTION： During the process. What kind of role do you think you play during the process. Thank you.
SECRETARY POWELL： With respect to the first question， our relationship with China is very comprehensive and very complex —— too complex to be described by a single term or a single statement. I believe we have progressed a great deal over the last four years in President's Bush's administration. We remember that in early April of 2001 we had a confrontation over the incident that took place between our aircraft， and people thought that would put the relationship in the deep-freeze. We got through that in a matter of two weeks and ever since then we have been improving our relationship.
We have had good and constructive talks with respect to trade， and with respect to economic issues affecting our two countries. We've seen China accede the WTO. We have worked with China to increase American exports to China while receiving large number of exports from China to the United States. There's still a trade imbalance but we're working on it. We have dealt with difficult issues with respect to market-based flexible currency rates， and we know that the Chinese are working toward that end.
So， I think if you looked at this four-year period， you would see that this complex relationship that we have with China， has allowed us to move forward by being candid with each other on areas of disagreement and we have areas of agreement building on those areas of agreement. I think that all members of President Bush's administration have played a role in this. We have a large number of delegations that go back and forth， and we receive them at a very high level when Chinese visitors come to the United States. And， our ministers are received at a very high level here. And， I would expect that this practice will continue and the relationship will grow during President Bush's second term.
QUESTION： Mr. Secretary， could you tell us a little bit more about the significance of the agreement you just announced to discuss human rights？ And， perhaps in that context， can you tell us whether you discussed the issue of the arrest of the New York Times research assistant； with whom might you have discussed it； what sort of response you got； and， whether you are at all encouraged by anything you heard today？
SECRETARY POWELL： On the second question， I did raise it， raised it with Foreign Minister Li， and told him that we were concerned about the arrest of the New York Times researcher. And I asked if he would look into the matter. We hope that it could be resolved quickly and the individual could be released. He took note of my statement， and noted that the individual was a Chinese citizen， and that the matter is being looked into in accordance with Chinese law. So， we did have a pretty candid exchange on the subject.
With respect to human rights， we have said previously， and I said it again today， that we have seen some improvement in human rights behavior in 2002， but we have seen some moving backwards in 2003， with respect to the detention of journalists， with respect to other individuals who have not been able to move about as freely and participate in civil society as freely as we would like to see. And， we think it would be in the interest of the Chinese people for this to happen. So， things had slowed down with respect to human rights and the dialogue had stopped. We were not talking to each other as openly and candidly as we should. And so， in our luncheon conversation， the Minister and I talked directly to each other about these issues， to include the New York Times researcher， to include some of their concerns about our comments on their human rights behavior. And， we allowed as how it was time to start the dialogue again. So， we will begin the process of putting in place the teams and get ready for formal announcement of the resumption of dialogue in the not too distant future.
QUESTION： Good afternoon， Secretary Powell. I'm with United Press International. I have a couple questions for you.
SECRETARY POWELL： One question， please.
QUESTION： China's oil imports in the first nine months of the year were officially stated to be about 4.3 million tons， most of that probably went to North Korea. With winter fast approaching， did the DPRK's energy needs come up during your discussions with the Chinese officials as a means of leverage to get them back to six-party and what other specific areas does the US believe China can explore to get North Korea to give up its WMD？
SECRETARY POWELL： It did not come up. We did not talk about oil imports either into China， or what North Korea's needs are. Obviously， China is a major provider of assistance to North Korea， both energy and other forms of assistance， and as a result of that I think China has considerable influence with North Korea. What we agreed on today was the need for the six-party framework to continue， and for it to continue， it has to meet. And， I hope that as a result of our conversations today， both of us will energize the other members of the six-party framework to resolve the outstanding issues that keep us from setting a date for a meeting.
I'm confident that the Chinese are totally committed to the six-party framework， view that as the way to find a solution， and will be working toward finding that solution. What they might do in the days ahead with respect to conversations with the North Koreans， I will leave up to them to discuss. As you know， senior officials from Pyongyang have visited here recently， and senior officials from Beijing have gone to Pyongyang. So， the Chinese are actively involved， and we reaffirmed our commitment today to the six-party talks and hope that the next round will be held in the not too distant future. All the parties are ready. It is the DPRK that has been showing a reluctance to have the next round. But， it is the only way forward.
（Cross-talk）
QUESTION： It is reported that in 2004 the Chinese students going to the States to study decreased sharply. It is said that only half the students in 2003 have taken the GRE test that is requested by the American graduate schools so my question is， what is your comment on that？ Is there any actions planned to deal with it？
（Cross-talk）
SECRETARY POWELL： We encourage students from around the world to come and obtain an education in our universities. I think there are something like 64，000， if memory serves me correctly， Chinese students at our universities now. We would like to see that number go up. After 9/11， we had to put in place new visa procedures and other procedures to have a better understanding of who was coming to our country， for what purpose， and when they were leaving. That slowed down the issuance of visas， it made it more difficult. But over the last year， we have improved the process significantly， making it easier to get visas， reducing the time that you have to spend waiting for a visa.
And we are going to do everything we can， and the Ambassador is committed to doing everything he can， both here in Beijing and at all of our Consulates， to speed up visa processing. It is in our interest to have foreigners come to our institutions， come to our medical facilities， come to our entertainment facilities， visit the United States as tourists to get a better understanding of who we are， what we are as a nation and people， how we can reach out to other nations. And so， we are doing everything we can to make it easier to get a visa for those who should be coming to our country and mean us no harm. We want to be seen as an open country， with open doors welcoming people as we have in the past. So， I hope we will see these numbers reversed and get back up to the higher levels.
QUESTION： Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian said yesterday that next year will be the best year for Taiwan and China to resume dialogue. After you met with the Chinese leader Hu Jintao this morning， did you see any possibility？ And also when you met with him， do you feel any pressure from him on the issue of US arms sales to Taiwan？ Thanks.
SECRETARY POWELL： We didn't have a conversation specifically about what President Chen Shui-bian might have said yesterday. I just encouraged all of my interlocutors today to keep an open mind with respect to dialogue and to take every opportunity that comes along to increase cross-strait dialogue.
With respect to arms sales to Taiwan： yes， it did come up. The Chinese side expressed their opposition to such sales and I reiterated that our policy was based on one China， the three communiqu？？s， but also the responsibility that we have under our law —— the Taiwan Relations Act —— to make sure that Taiwan was able to defend itself —— not to have an offensive capability， but to defend itself. All of our arms sales are for that purpose and are carefully examined and the arms sales items that are up for consideration now are the same items that have been known to the parties for the last three years. The Taiwanese have not yet made a firm commitment to what it is they wish to buy off that list.
But， we believe that we will continue to meet our responsibilities under the Taiwan Relations Act and do it in a way that in no way undercuts our basic policy， which is the one China policy based on the three communiqu？？s. We very carefully balance the responsibilities that we have to China and the responsibilities that we have to Taiwan under our own domestic law.
Okay， thank you very much， ladies and gentlemen.
鮑威爾國務卿：女士們、先生們，下午好。非常高興再次來到北京。我在本次訪問過程中與胡主席和溫總理進行了非常好的交談，也與我的朋友及同仁外交部李部長進行了特別好的交談。這是我今年第五次同李部長見面，我期待著11月下旬在智利圣地亞哥舉行的亞太經(jīng)合組織（APEC）會議上再次同他見面。
我們今天所討論的問題的深度和廣度反映出中國與美國的交往日益全球化，我們就涉及我們兩國和全世界的各種問題進行接觸，從安全威脅直至雙邊事務。我們正在顯示我們能夠共同前進。當遇到分歧時，我們開誠布公，本著努力尋找解決途徑的精神對待分歧。不過，我們已取得共識的領域比存在分歧的領域要多得多。
例如，我們今天就人權問題進行了良好、公開、坦誠的交談。我高興地在此宣布，我們在今天的會談中同意開始就恢復我們兩國間的人權對話進行磋商。我對中國在六方會談中發(fā)揮的主導作用表示了感謝。我們共同致力于建設一個不受核武器威脅的朝鮮半島。我還提到，（布什）總統(tǒng)期待著于11月在智利舉行的APEC會議上同胡主席會晤，我們準備共同努力落實去年 11月在曼谷APEC會議上同意采取的措施。
美國人民向遭到恐怖分子殺害的中國公民表示哀悼。我們向最近在巴基斯坦發(fā)生的劫持人質(zhì)事件中遇害的中國工程師的家屬表示慰唁，并向今年六月在阿富汗發(fā)生的恐怖事件遇害者的家屬表示慰唁。恐怖主義是全球性的，我們歡迎中國在全球反恐之戰(zhàn)中繼續(xù)采取行動。我感謝中國方面在本次訪問中對我的熱情款待，并代表美國人民向中國人民致以最美好的祝愿。我的簡短講話到此為止，請各位提問。
問：您是否認為陳水扁的雙十國慶講話真正有可能帶來突破，如果是這樣的話，您是否曾試圖說服中國方面對陳水扁以1992年香港會談為基礎恢復對話的態(tài)度做出回應？還有，在北韓問題上，您是否要求中國方面進一步作為參與者，而不僅是調(diào)解者，解決同北韓的僵持局面？
鮑威爾國務卿：關于第二個問題，我認為他們是一個參與方。他們在最近三輪會談中一直積極參與，不僅召集會談，而且表明立場，向北韓方面表明中國像我們所有人一樣，相信我們希望實現(xiàn)的目標是朝鮮半島無核化，并且相信推進無核化將給北韓人民帶來好處。因此，我認為中國是一個全面的參與者，而不僅僅是會談的召集人。
關于陳水扁的講話，我們認為──美國認為── 其中有些內(nèi)容也許可供中國方面用以改善海峽兩岸的對話。我今天從中國領導人那里聽到的反應是，他們?nèi)詫﹃愃饪偨y(tǒng)的行動感到憂慮，他們認為他的講話那么坦率。不過，我們就臺灣局勢進行了良好的交談。我重申了我們堅持信守建立在三個聯(lián)合公報基礎上的“一個中國”的政策，以及我們根據(jù)《臺灣關系法》所承擔的責任。我們再次表示，我們堅決認為雙方都應當避免單方面采取任何可能威脅進程的行動。此外，我還特別敦促今天與我會晤的中國領導人盡一切努力，更加系統(tǒng)地、有計劃地開展海峽兩岸的對話。
問：我是China News Daily的記者。四年前，布什總統(tǒng)稱中國是一個戰(zhàn)略競爭對手。今天，您對中美關系發(fā)生的變化有何看法？第二個問題是您認為您在這個過程中發(fā)揮了什么作用？謝謝。
鮑威爾國務卿：對不起，在什么之中？
問：在這一過程中。您認為您在這一過程中發(fā)揮了什么作用？謝謝。
鮑威爾國務卿：關于第一個問題，我們同中國的關系是全方位的、非常復雜的，難以用一個詞或一句話來概括。我認為在布什總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政的四年中，我們?nèi)〉昧酥卮筮M展。我們都記得在2001年4月初兩國因撞機事件發(fā)生對峙時，人們以為這一事件將使兩國關系跌入深谷。但我們在兩個星期內(nèi)就度過了難關，而且兩國關系從那以后持續(xù)改善。
我們圍繞著影響我們兩國貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟的問題進行了良好的、有建設性的對話。我們看到中國正式加入世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）。我們在接受中國向美國大量出口的同時，同中國共同努力增加美國對中國的出口。貿(mào)易不平衡的問題仍然存在，但我們正在解決這個問題。我們圍繞著允許匯率隨市場自由浮動的一系列困難問題進行了努力，而且知道中國方面正致力于解決有關問題。
因此，我認為從這四年中可以看到我們同中國的這種復雜的關系使我們能夠通過在有分歧的領域坦誠相待向前推進，我們還加強了取得共識的領域。我認為布什總統(tǒng)所領導的本屆政府的所有成員都為此發(fā)揮了作用。進行互訪的代表團非常多，我們還以很高的規(guī)格在美國接待來訪的中國代表團。此外，美國各部部長也在這里受到規(guī)格極高的接待。我相信在布什總統(tǒng)的第二個任期內(nèi)，這種接觸將繼續(xù)下去，這種關系將繼續(xù)發(fā)展。
問：國務卿先生，您能否再談一談您剛才宣布的有關討論人權問題的協(xié)議有何意義？在這一背景下，您能否告訴我們您是否談到了《紐約時報》助理研究員被捕的問題；您是同誰討論這個問題的；您得到什么樣的答復；您今天是否得到令人鼓舞的消息？
鮑威爾國務卿：關于第二個問題，我的確提到了，是向李部長提出的。我對他說，我們對《紐約時報》研究員被捕一事感到關切。我問他能否過問此事。我們希望此事能盡快解決，此人能被釋放。他注意到我說的話，并強調(diào)這個人是中國公民，對此事正在根據(jù)中國法律進行調(diào)查。因此，有關這個問題，我們確實進行了非常坦誠的交流。
關于人權問題，我們以前曾經(jīng)說過──今天再一次重復──我們在2002年看到（中國）在人權問題上的表現(xiàn)有一些改善，但是，我們看到在2003年又有一些倒退，新聞記者被拘押，另一些人不能像我們所希望看到的那樣自由行動，那樣自由地參與公民社會。而能夠那樣做是符合中國人民的利益的。所以，在人權問題上，步伐放慢了，對話也停止了。我們沒有像應該做到的那樣進行公開、坦率的討論。因此，在我們的午餐交談中，（李）部長和我對這些問題進行了直接的討論，其中包括《紐約時報》研究員的問題，包括他們對我們評論他們?nèi)藱啾憩F(xiàn)的言論的某些關切。我們都認為現(xiàn)在是重啟對話的時候了。我們將開始組建對話小組，準備在不太遠的將來正式宣布恢復對話。
問：下午好，鮑威爾國務卿。我是合眾國際社的記者，我想問幾個問題。
鮑威爾國務卿：請您問一個問題。
問：據(jù)官方的說法，中國今年前九個月的石油進口約為430萬噸，其中大部份可能運往北韓了。鑒于冬天即將來臨，您在和中國官員的討論中是否談到了可將朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的能源需求當作促使他們重新回到六方談判框架的手段的問題？美國認為中國還可探索哪些具體領域以促使北韓放棄大規(guī)模毀滅性武器？
鮑威爾國務卿：這個問題沒有談到。我們沒有談到中國石油進口問題，也沒有談到北韓有哪些需求。很明顯，中國是向北韓提供援助的一個主要國家，無論是能源還是其他形式的援助，因此，我認為中國對北韓有相當大的影響力。我們今天取得的一致意見是，有必要保持六方框架，為了保持該框架，六方必須舉行會談。
我希望，經(jīng)過我們今天的交談，我們雙方都將努力推動六方框架的其他成員，共同解決使我們無法確定會談日期的問題。
我相信，中方無保留地致力于保持六方框架，將此當作找出解決方案的途徑，并將為找到解決方案而努力。至于他們在未來的日子里將與北韓方面談些什么，這將由他們自己去討論。您知道，平壤的高級官員最近來此進行了訪問，北京的高級官員也去過平壤。由此可見，中方積極參與此事，我們今天也重申了對六方會談的承諾，并希望下一輪會談能在不太久的將來舉行。各方都已做好準備。只有朝鮮民主主義人民共和國在舉行下一輪會談問題上表現(xiàn)消極。但是，會談是取得進展的惟一途徑。
問：據(jù)報導，2004年前往美國留學的中國學生人數(shù)銳減。據(jù)說，參加美國研究生院要求的GRE考試的學生人數(shù)只及2003年的一半。我的問題是，您對此有何評論？是否打算采取行動來解決這個問題？
鮑威爾國務卿：我們鼓勵世界各地的學生來美國，來美國的大學受教育。如果我沒記錯的話，我想目前在我國大學學習的中國學生大概是64000人。我們希望這個數(shù)字能增加。在9.11事件發(fā)生后，我們不得不采用新的簽證程序和其他程序，以更好地了解來我國的是什么樣的人，為什么目的而來，什么時候走。這就減慢了發(fā)簽證的速度，增加了獲得簽證的難度。但是，在過去一年中，我們大大改進了簽證程序，使之較為簡便，并縮短了等候領取簽證的時間。
我們將盡一切努力，駐華大使將盡一切努力，無論在北京，還是在所有的總領事館，加快簽證的簽發(fā)。外國人訪問我國的各類機構和醫(yī)療設施、享用我國的娛樂設施、來我國旅游，以更好地了解美國人民，了解我們的國家與民族，了解我們?nèi)绾闻c其他國家廣交朋友，這是符合我們的利益的。因此，我們正在千方百計地使那些應當來我國訪問、對我們不懷惡意的人更方便地獲得簽證。我們希望人們認為我們是一個開放的國家，像過去那樣敞開國門，歡迎來訪者。因此，我希望看到這些數(shù)字回升，回到較高的水平。
問：臺灣總統(tǒng)陳水扁昨天說，明年將是臺灣與中國恢復對話的年份。在您今天上午會見中國領導人胡錦濤后，您覺得有恢復對話的可能嗎？此外，您同他會晤時，是否在美國售臺武器問題上感受到壓力？謝謝。
鮑威爾國務卿：我們沒有專門就陳水扁總統(tǒng)昨天可能說過的話交換意見。我只是鼓勵今天同我會談的每位談話者在對話問題上不要有任何先入之見，而應抓住一切機會增加兩岸對話。
至于對臺軍售問題，不錯，這個問題確實談到了。中方對這類軍售表示反對，而我重申，我們的政策是建立在“一個中國”、三項公報的基礎之上的，但同時也是建立在我們根據(jù)我國的法律，即《臺灣關系法》所承擔的責任的基礎之上的。該項法律要求確保臺灣有能力進行自衛(wèi)，不是獲取進攻能力，而是進行自衛(wèi)。我們的所有軍售都是為了這個目的，都是經(jīng)過慎重審議的。目前正在考慮的軍售物項同過去三年中有關各方已知的物項是一致的。在這個物項單上，臺灣方面還沒有最后敲定他們準備買些什么。
但是，我們認為，我們將繼續(xù)履行我們根據(jù)《臺灣關系法》所承擔的責任，并且不使之損害我們的基本政策，即基于三項公報的“一個中國”的政策。我們非常謹慎地在我們對中國承擔的責任和我們根據(jù)國內(nèi)法對臺灣承擔的責任之間保持平衡。
好吧，女士們，先生們，謝謝大家。
中國是鮑威爾此次日、中、韓三國之行的第二站。鮑威爾表示，他同中國領導人進行了廣泛的磋商，議題包括向臺灣出售武器、北韓核武項目、經(jīng)濟及人權。 鮑威爾在記者會上發(fā)表了簡短講話并回答了記者的提問。
SECRETARY POWELL：
Good afternoon， ladies and gentlemen I'm very pleased to be back in Beijing and in the course of my visit I've had some very excellent conversations with President Hu and Premier Wen， and especially with my friend and colleague Foreign Minister Li. This is the fifth time that Minister Li and I have met this year， and I look forward to seeing him again later in the year at the APEC meeting in Santiago， Chile toward the end of November.
The range and scope of the issues we discussed today reflect the increasingly global nature of interaction between China and the United States， on a whole host of issues of importance to our nations and to the world， from security threats to bilateral matters. We are showing that we can move forward together. When we disagree， we do so candidly， openly， and in the spirit of trying to find a solution to the disagreements. But， we agreed in so many more areas than that in which we disagree.
We had a good， open， and candid discussion today with respect to human rights， for example， and I am pleased to report that as a result of our conversations today that we have agreed that we will start talks about resuming our human rights dialogue. I expressed our appreciation with China's leadership in the six-party talks. Together， we are dedicated to a Korean peninsula that is free from the threat of nuclear weapons. I also noted that the president is looking forward to his meeting with President Hu in Chile， at the APEC meeting in November and that we are ready to work together to implement the measures agreed to at last November's APEC meetings in Bangkok.
The people of the United States mourn the loss of Chinese citizens who are victims of terror. We express our condolences to the family of the Chinese engineer who was killed in the recent hostage-taking event in Pakistan. And to the families of those who were killed in last June's incident in Afghanistan. Terrorism is global， and we welcome China's continued actions in the global war against terrorism. I appreciate the hospitality of my Chinese host on this visit and want to extend on behalf of the people of the United States our best wishes to the people of China. With that brief statement I'm prepared for your questions.
QUESTION： Do you see Chen Shui-bian's national day speech as a genuine possible opening and， if so， did you try to persuade the Chinese to call Chen's bluff on resuming talks on the 1992 Hong Kong basis？ And， with respect to North Korea， did you ask the Chinese to be more of a participant and less of a mediator in resolving the North Korean impasse？
SECRETARY POWELL： On the second question I think they are a participant. They've been actively participating in the last three rounds， not only convening the rounds， but taking a position， making it clear to the North Koreans that China believed， as we all do， that the denuclearization of the peninsula is what we want to achieve， and that benefits would accrue to the people of North Korea as a result of denuclearization of going forward. So， I see China as a full participant and not just a convener in the talks.
With respect to President Chen Shui-bian's speech， we thought —— the United States thought —— that there might be some elements that the Chinese could work with in improving cross-straits dialogue. The response I received from the Chinese leadership today was that they are still concerned about President Chen Shui-bian's actions and they did not find his statement to be that forthcoming. Nevertheless， we had a good discussion of the situation with respect to Taiwan. I reinforced to our total commitment to our One China Policy， based on the three communiqu？？s， and our responsibilities under the Taiwan Relations Act. We once again said that we felt strongly that both sides should avoid any unilateral actions that might prejudice progress. And， I particularly encouraged the Chinese leaders that I met with today to do everything they could to get into cross-strait dialogues in a more systemic and deliberate way.
QUESTION： I'm from China News Daily. Four years ago， President Bush called China a strategic competitor. Today what do you think about the biggest change in Sino-US relationship？ Second question is what kind of role do you think you play during the process？ Thank you.
SECRETARY POWELL： During what？ I'm sorry.
QUESTION： During the process. What kind of role do you think you play during the process. Thank you.
SECRETARY POWELL： With respect to the first question， our relationship with China is very comprehensive and very complex —— too complex to be described by a single term or a single statement. I believe we have progressed a great deal over the last four years in President's Bush's administration. We remember that in early April of 2001 we had a confrontation over the incident that took place between our aircraft， and people thought that would put the relationship in the deep-freeze. We got through that in a matter of two weeks and ever since then we have been improving our relationship.
We have had good and constructive talks with respect to trade， and with respect to economic issues affecting our two countries. We've seen China accede the WTO. We have worked with China to increase American exports to China while receiving large number of exports from China to the United States. There's still a trade imbalance but we're working on it. We have dealt with difficult issues with respect to market-based flexible currency rates， and we know that the Chinese are working toward that end.
So， I think if you looked at this four-year period， you would see that this complex relationship that we have with China， has allowed us to move forward by being candid with each other on areas of disagreement and we have areas of agreement building on those areas of agreement. I think that all members of President Bush's administration have played a role in this. We have a large number of delegations that go back and forth， and we receive them at a very high level when Chinese visitors come to the United States. And， our ministers are received at a very high level here. And， I would expect that this practice will continue and the relationship will grow during President Bush's second term.
QUESTION： Mr. Secretary， could you tell us a little bit more about the significance of the agreement you just announced to discuss human rights？ And， perhaps in that context， can you tell us whether you discussed the issue of the arrest of the New York Times research assistant； with whom might you have discussed it； what sort of response you got； and， whether you are at all encouraged by anything you heard today？
SECRETARY POWELL： On the second question， I did raise it， raised it with Foreign Minister Li， and told him that we were concerned about the arrest of the New York Times researcher. And I asked if he would look into the matter. We hope that it could be resolved quickly and the individual could be released. He took note of my statement， and noted that the individual was a Chinese citizen， and that the matter is being looked into in accordance with Chinese law. So， we did have a pretty candid exchange on the subject.
With respect to human rights， we have said previously， and I said it again today， that we have seen some improvement in human rights behavior in 2002， but we have seen some moving backwards in 2003， with respect to the detention of journalists， with respect to other individuals who have not been able to move about as freely and participate in civil society as freely as we would like to see. And， we think it would be in the interest of the Chinese people for this to happen. So， things had slowed down with respect to human rights and the dialogue had stopped. We were not talking to each other as openly and candidly as we should. And so， in our luncheon conversation， the Minister and I talked directly to each other about these issues， to include the New York Times researcher， to include some of their concerns about our comments on their human rights behavior. And， we allowed as how it was time to start the dialogue again. So， we will begin the process of putting in place the teams and get ready for formal announcement of the resumption of dialogue in the not too distant future.
QUESTION： Good afternoon， Secretary Powell. I'm with United Press International. I have a couple questions for you.
SECRETARY POWELL： One question， please.
QUESTION： China's oil imports in the first nine months of the year were officially stated to be about 4.3 million tons， most of that probably went to North Korea. With winter fast approaching， did the DPRK's energy needs come up during your discussions with the Chinese officials as a means of leverage to get them back to six-party and what other specific areas does the US believe China can explore to get North Korea to give up its WMD？
SECRETARY POWELL： It did not come up. We did not talk about oil imports either into China， or what North Korea's needs are. Obviously， China is a major provider of assistance to North Korea， both energy and other forms of assistance， and as a result of that I think China has considerable influence with North Korea. What we agreed on today was the need for the six-party framework to continue， and for it to continue， it has to meet. And， I hope that as a result of our conversations today， both of us will energize the other members of the six-party framework to resolve the outstanding issues that keep us from setting a date for a meeting.
I'm confident that the Chinese are totally committed to the six-party framework， view that as the way to find a solution， and will be working toward finding that solution. What they might do in the days ahead with respect to conversations with the North Koreans， I will leave up to them to discuss. As you know， senior officials from Pyongyang have visited here recently， and senior officials from Beijing have gone to Pyongyang. So， the Chinese are actively involved， and we reaffirmed our commitment today to the six-party talks and hope that the next round will be held in the not too distant future. All the parties are ready. It is the DPRK that has been showing a reluctance to have the next round. But， it is the only way forward.
（Cross-talk）
QUESTION： It is reported that in 2004 the Chinese students going to the States to study decreased sharply. It is said that only half the students in 2003 have taken the GRE test that is requested by the American graduate schools so my question is， what is your comment on that？ Is there any actions planned to deal with it？
（Cross-talk）
SECRETARY POWELL： We encourage students from around the world to come and obtain an education in our universities. I think there are something like 64，000， if memory serves me correctly， Chinese students at our universities now. We would like to see that number go up. After 9/11， we had to put in place new visa procedures and other procedures to have a better understanding of who was coming to our country， for what purpose， and when they were leaving. That slowed down the issuance of visas， it made it more difficult. But over the last year， we have improved the process significantly， making it easier to get visas， reducing the time that you have to spend waiting for a visa.
And we are going to do everything we can， and the Ambassador is committed to doing everything he can， both here in Beijing and at all of our Consulates， to speed up visa processing. It is in our interest to have foreigners come to our institutions， come to our medical facilities， come to our entertainment facilities， visit the United States as tourists to get a better understanding of who we are， what we are as a nation and people， how we can reach out to other nations. And so， we are doing everything we can to make it easier to get a visa for those who should be coming to our country and mean us no harm. We want to be seen as an open country， with open doors welcoming people as we have in the past. So， I hope we will see these numbers reversed and get back up to the higher levels.
QUESTION： Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian said yesterday that next year will be the best year for Taiwan and China to resume dialogue. After you met with the Chinese leader Hu Jintao this morning， did you see any possibility？ And also when you met with him， do you feel any pressure from him on the issue of US arms sales to Taiwan？ Thanks.
SECRETARY POWELL： We didn't have a conversation specifically about what President Chen Shui-bian might have said yesterday. I just encouraged all of my interlocutors today to keep an open mind with respect to dialogue and to take every opportunity that comes along to increase cross-strait dialogue.
With respect to arms sales to Taiwan： yes， it did come up. The Chinese side expressed their opposition to such sales and I reiterated that our policy was based on one China， the three communiqu？？s， but also the responsibility that we have under our law —— the Taiwan Relations Act —— to make sure that Taiwan was able to defend itself —— not to have an offensive capability， but to defend itself. All of our arms sales are for that purpose and are carefully examined and the arms sales items that are up for consideration now are the same items that have been known to the parties for the last three years. The Taiwanese have not yet made a firm commitment to what it is they wish to buy off that list.
But， we believe that we will continue to meet our responsibilities under the Taiwan Relations Act and do it in a way that in no way undercuts our basic policy， which is the one China policy based on the three communiqu？？s. We very carefully balance the responsibilities that we have to China and the responsibilities that we have to Taiwan under our own domestic law.
Okay， thank you very much， ladies and gentlemen.
鮑威爾國務卿：女士們、先生們，下午好。非常高興再次來到北京。我在本次訪問過程中與胡主席和溫總理進行了非常好的交談，也與我的朋友及同仁外交部李部長進行了特別好的交談。這是我今年第五次同李部長見面，我期待著11月下旬在智利圣地亞哥舉行的亞太經(jīng)合組織（APEC）會議上再次同他見面。
我們今天所討論的問題的深度和廣度反映出中國與美國的交往日益全球化，我們就涉及我們兩國和全世界的各種問題進行接觸，從安全威脅直至雙邊事務。我們正在顯示我們能夠共同前進。當遇到分歧時，我們開誠布公，本著努力尋找解決途徑的精神對待分歧。不過，我們已取得共識的領域比存在分歧的領域要多得多。
例如，我們今天就人權問題進行了良好、公開、坦誠的交談。我高興地在此宣布，我們在今天的會談中同意開始就恢復我們兩國間的人權對話進行磋商。我對中國在六方會談中發(fā)揮的主導作用表示了感謝。我們共同致力于建設一個不受核武器威脅的朝鮮半島。我還提到，（布什）總統(tǒng)期待著于11月在智利舉行的APEC會議上同胡主席會晤，我們準備共同努力落實去年 11月在曼谷APEC會議上同意采取的措施。
美國人民向遭到恐怖分子殺害的中國公民表示哀悼。我們向最近在巴基斯坦發(fā)生的劫持人質(zhì)事件中遇害的中國工程師的家屬表示慰唁，并向今年六月在阿富汗發(fā)生的恐怖事件遇害者的家屬表示慰唁。恐怖主義是全球性的，我們歡迎中國在全球反恐之戰(zhàn)中繼續(xù)采取行動。我感謝中國方面在本次訪問中對我的熱情款待，并代表美國人民向中國人民致以最美好的祝愿。我的簡短講話到此為止，請各位提問。
問：您是否認為陳水扁的雙十國慶講話真正有可能帶來突破，如果是這樣的話，您是否曾試圖說服中國方面對陳水扁以1992年香港會談為基礎恢復對話的態(tài)度做出回應？還有，在北韓問題上，您是否要求中國方面進一步作為參與者，而不僅是調(diào)解者，解決同北韓的僵持局面？
鮑威爾國務卿：關于第二個問題，我認為他們是一個參與方。他們在最近三輪會談中一直積極參與，不僅召集會談，而且表明立場，向北韓方面表明中國像我們所有人一樣，相信我們希望實現(xiàn)的目標是朝鮮半島無核化，并且相信推進無核化將給北韓人民帶來好處。因此，我認為中國是一個全面的參與者，而不僅僅是會談的召集人。
關于陳水扁的講話，我們認為──美國認為── 其中有些內(nèi)容也許可供中國方面用以改善海峽兩岸的對話。我今天從中國領導人那里聽到的反應是，他們?nèi)詫﹃愃饪偨y(tǒng)的行動感到憂慮，他們認為他的講話那么坦率。不過，我們就臺灣局勢進行了良好的交談。我重申了我們堅持信守建立在三個聯(lián)合公報基礎上的“一個中國”的政策，以及我們根據(jù)《臺灣關系法》所承擔的責任。我們再次表示，我們堅決認為雙方都應當避免單方面采取任何可能威脅進程的行動。此外，我還特別敦促今天與我會晤的中國領導人盡一切努力，更加系統(tǒng)地、有計劃地開展海峽兩岸的對話。
問：我是China News Daily的記者。四年前，布什總統(tǒng)稱中國是一個戰(zhàn)略競爭對手。今天，您對中美關系發(fā)生的變化有何看法？第二個問題是您認為您在這個過程中發(fā)揮了什么作用？謝謝。
鮑威爾國務卿：對不起，在什么之中？
問：在這一過程中。您認為您在這一過程中發(fā)揮了什么作用？謝謝。
鮑威爾國務卿：關于第一個問題，我們同中國的關系是全方位的、非常復雜的，難以用一個詞或一句話來概括。我認為在布什總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政的四年中，我們?nèi)〉昧酥卮筮M展。我們都記得在2001年4月初兩國因撞機事件發(fā)生對峙時，人們以為這一事件將使兩國關系跌入深谷。但我們在兩個星期內(nèi)就度過了難關，而且兩國關系從那以后持續(xù)改善。
我們圍繞著影響我們兩國貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟的問題進行了良好的、有建設性的對話。我們看到中國正式加入世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）。我們在接受中國向美國大量出口的同時，同中國共同努力增加美國對中國的出口。貿(mào)易不平衡的問題仍然存在，但我們正在解決這個問題。我們圍繞著允許匯率隨市場自由浮動的一系列困難問題進行了努力，而且知道中國方面正致力于解決有關問題。
因此，我認為從這四年中可以看到我們同中國的這種復雜的關系使我們能夠通過在有分歧的領域坦誠相待向前推進，我們還加強了取得共識的領域。我認為布什總統(tǒng)所領導的本屆政府的所有成員都為此發(fā)揮了作用。進行互訪的代表團非常多，我們還以很高的規(guī)格在美國接待來訪的中國代表團。此外，美國各部部長也在這里受到規(guī)格極高的接待。我相信在布什總統(tǒng)的第二個任期內(nèi)，這種接觸將繼續(xù)下去，這種關系將繼續(xù)發(fā)展。
問：國務卿先生，您能否再談一談您剛才宣布的有關討論人權問題的協(xié)議有何意義？在這一背景下，您能否告訴我們您是否談到了《紐約時報》助理研究員被捕的問題；您是同誰討論這個問題的；您得到什么樣的答復；您今天是否得到令人鼓舞的消息？
鮑威爾國務卿：關于第二個問題，我的確提到了，是向李部長提出的。我對他說，我們對《紐約時報》研究員被捕一事感到關切。我問他能否過問此事。我們希望此事能盡快解決，此人能被釋放。他注意到我說的話，并強調(diào)這個人是中國公民，對此事正在根據(jù)中國法律進行調(diào)查。因此，有關這個問題，我們確實進行了非常坦誠的交流。
關于人權問題，我們以前曾經(jīng)說過──今天再一次重復──我們在2002年看到（中國）在人權問題上的表現(xiàn)有一些改善，但是，我們看到在2003年又有一些倒退，新聞記者被拘押，另一些人不能像我們所希望看到的那樣自由行動，那樣自由地參與公民社會。而能夠那樣做是符合中國人民的利益的。所以，在人權問題上，步伐放慢了，對話也停止了。我們沒有像應該做到的那樣進行公開、坦率的討論。因此，在我們的午餐交談中，（李）部長和我對這些問題進行了直接的討論，其中包括《紐約時報》研究員的問題，包括他們對我們評論他們?nèi)藱啾憩F(xiàn)的言論的某些關切。我們都認為現(xiàn)在是重啟對話的時候了。我們將開始組建對話小組，準備在不太遠的將來正式宣布恢復對話。
問：下午好，鮑威爾國務卿。我是合眾國際社的記者，我想問幾個問題。
鮑威爾國務卿：請您問一個問題。
問：據(jù)官方的說法，中國今年前九個月的石油進口約為430萬噸，其中大部份可能運往北韓了。鑒于冬天即將來臨，您在和中國官員的討論中是否談到了可將朝鮮民主主義人民共和國的能源需求當作促使他們重新回到六方談判框架的手段的問題？美國認為中國還可探索哪些具體領域以促使北韓放棄大規(guī)模毀滅性武器？
鮑威爾國務卿：這個問題沒有談到。我們沒有談到中國石油進口問題，也沒有談到北韓有哪些需求。很明顯，中國是向北韓提供援助的一個主要國家，無論是能源還是其他形式的援助，因此，我認為中國對北韓有相當大的影響力。我們今天取得的一致意見是，有必要保持六方框架，為了保持該框架，六方必須舉行會談。
我希望，經(jīng)過我們今天的交談，我們雙方都將努力推動六方框架的其他成員，共同解決使我們無法確定會談日期的問題。
我相信，中方無保留地致力于保持六方框架，將此當作找出解決方案的途徑，并將為找到解決方案而努力。至于他們在未來的日子里將與北韓方面談些什么，這將由他們自己去討論。您知道，平壤的高級官員最近來此進行了訪問，北京的高級官員也去過平壤。由此可見，中方積極參與此事，我們今天也重申了對六方會談的承諾，并希望下一輪會談能在不太久的將來舉行。各方都已做好準備。只有朝鮮民主主義人民共和國在舉行下一輪會談問題上表現(xiàn)消極。但是，會談是取得進展的惟一途徑。
問：據(jù)報導，2004年前往美國留學的中國學生人數(shù)銳減。據(jù)說，參加美國研究生院要求的GRE考試的學生人數(shù)只及2003年的一半。我的問題是，您對此有何評論？是否打算采取行動來解決這個問題？
鮑威爾國務卿：我們鼓勵世界各地的學生來美國，來美國的大學受教育。如果我沒記錯的話，我想目前在我國大學學習的中國學生大概是64000人。我們希望這個數(shù)字能增加。在9.11事件發(fā)生后，我們不得不采用新的簽證程序和其他程序，以更好地了解來我國的是什么樣的人，為什么目的而來，什么時候走。這就減慢了發(fā)簽證的速度，增加了獲得簽證的難度。但是，在過去一年中，我們大大改進了簽證程序，使之較為簡便，并縮短了等候領取簽證的時間。
我們將盡一切努力，駐華大使將盡一切努力，無論在北京，還是在所有的總領事館，加快簽證的簽發(fā)。外國人訪問我國的各類機構和醫(yī)療設施、享用我國的娛樂設施、來我國旅游，以更好地了解美國人民，了解我們的國家與民族，了解我們?nèi)绾闻c其他國家廣交朋友，這是符合我們的利益的。因此，我們正在千方百計地使那些應當來我國訪問、對我們不懷惡意的人更方便地獲得簽證。我們希望人們認為我們是一個開放的國家，像過去那樣敞開國門，歡迎來訪者。因此，我希望看到這些數(shù)字回升，回到較高的水平。
問：臺灣總統(tǒng)陳水扁昨天說，明年將是臺灣與中國恢復對話的年份。在您今天上午會見中國領導人胡錦濤后，您覺得有恢復對話的可能嗎？此外，您同他會晤時，是否在美國售臺武器問題上感受到壓力？謝謝。
鮑威爾國務卿：我們沒有專門就陳水扁總統(tǒng)昨天可能說過的話交換意見。我只是鼓勵今天同我會談的每位談話者在對話問題上不要有任何先入之見，而應抓住一切機會增加兩岸對話。
至于對臺軍售問題，不錯，這個問題確實談到了。中方對這類軍售表示反對，而我重申，我們的政策是建立在“一個中國”、三項公報的基礎之上的，但同時也是建立在我們根據(jù)我國的法律，即《臺灣關系法》所承擔的責任的基礎之上的。該項法律要求確保臺灣有能力進行自衛(wèi)，不是獲取進攻能力，而是進行自衛(wèi)。我們的所有軍售都是為了這個目的，都是經(jīng)過慎重審議的。目前正在考慮的軍售物項同過去三年中有關各方已知的物項是一致的。在這個物項單上，臺灣方面還沒有最后敲定他們準備買些什么。
但是，我們認為，我們將繼續(xù)履行我們根據(jù)《臺灣關系法》所承擔的責任，并且不使之損害我們的基本政策，即基于三項公報的“一個中國”的政策。我們非常謹慎地在我們對中國承擔的責任和我們根據(jù)國內(nèi)法對臺灣承擔的責任之間保持平衡。
好吧，女士們，先生們，謝謝大家。