二．組織結(jié)構(gòu)
1.原則
一篇作文大多包括幾個段落，每一段落都有其中心思想。安排段落大有講究，段落之間的過渡應(yīng)該自然，各段銜接起來應(yīng)該成為一個有機整體，如何安排則取決于文章的內(nèi)容或類型。辦法之一是按照觀點的重要性來排列，把次要的放在前面，最重要的放在最后面，也就是用遞進的方法使文章在高潮中結(jié)束。
寫文章猶如繪畫，掌握比例極為重要。主要的觀點、論據(jù)應(yīng)多著筆墨。文章最主要的部分是中間的正文，這部分占全文的十分之七八左右較為適宜。開頭和結(jié)尾的段落固然也重要，但應(yīng)該寫的簡短些。
2.開篇
寫文章時，開篇往往是最難的。作者必須想好從何處說起，再向何處展開。文章的開頭并非千篇一律。此處因篇幅所限，僅列出以下幾種可行的手法，但所有的段落都可以用來作為論述1941年*對蘇聯(lián)的侵略的開篇。
（1）使用統(tǒng)計數(shù)字：
The attack on the Soviet Union was the largest and fiercest of all that Hitler had launched. He threw in 190 divisions, 3000 tanks, over 5000 planes, and altogether 5.5 million men.
（2）使用問句：
What made Hitler decide to leave Britain for the time being and turn east to attack the Soviet Union? What made him so sure of a quick victory in that vast country where Napoleon had lost almost all his troops?
（3）敘述事件發(fā)生的時間和地點：
On the morning of June 22, 1941, along the entire 1 800-kilometer-long Soviet frontier, from the Baltic to the Black Sea, the fascist German forces attacked.
3.結(jié)尾
文章的結(jié)尾很重要，因為這部分給讀者的印象最深。結(jié)尾段落主要是重申或總結(jié)討論過的要點，不再提出心得觀點或問題。收尾部分應(yīng)內(nèi)容充實，簡短有力，應(yīng)能畫龍點睛，發(fā)人深省。
開頭和結(jié)尾段落往往可以互相呼應(yīng)。比如，在開頭的段落提出一個問題，在結(jié)尾的段落給出答案。
Today's Recommend：
I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved. It happened like this. There was a big revival at my Auntie Reed's church. Every night for weeks there had been much preaching, singing, praying and shouting, and some very hardened sinners had been brought to Christ, and the membership of the church had grown by leaps and bounds. Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, " to bring the young lambs to the fold." My aunt spoke of it for days ahead. That night I was escorted to the front row and placed in the mourners' bench with all the other young sinners, who had not yet been brought to Jesus.
--選自Langston Hughes Salvation，為該文的開頭第一段。
1.原則
一篇作文大多包括幾個段落，每一段落都有其中心思想。安排段落大有講究，段落之間的過渡應(yīng)該自然，各段銜接起來應(yīng)該成為一個有機整體，如何安排則取決于文章的內(nèi)容或類型。辦法之一是按照觀點的重要性來排列，把次要的放在前面，最重要的放在最后面，也就是用遞進的方法使文章在高潮中結(jié)束。
寫文章猶如繪畫，掌握比例極為重要。主要的觀點、論據(jù)應(yīng)多著筆墨。文章最主要的部分是中間的正文，這部分占全文的十分之七八左右較為適宜。開頭和結(jié)尾的段落固然也重要，但應(yīng)該寫的簡短些。
2.開篇
寫文章時，開篇往往是最難的。作者必須想好從何處說起，再向何處展開。文章的開頭并非千篇一律。此處因篇幅所限，僅列出以下幾種可行的手法，但所有的段落都可以用來作為論述1941年*對蘇聯(lián)的侵略的開篇。
（1）使用統(tǒng)計數(shù)字：
The attack on the Soviet Union was the largest and fiercest of all that Hitler had launched. He threw in 190 divisions, 3000 tanks, over 5000 planes, and altogether 5.5 million men.
（2）使用問句：
What made Hitler decide to leave Britain for the time being and turn east to attack the Soviet Union? What made him so sure of a quick victory in that vast country where Napoleon had lost almost all his troops?
（3）敘述事件發(fā)生的時間和地點：
On the morning of June 22, 1941, along the entire 1 800-kilometer-long Soviet frontier, from the Baltic to the Black Sea, the fascist German forces attacked.
3.結(jié)尾
文章的結(jié)尾很重要，因為這部分給讀者的印象最深。結(jié)尾段落主要是重申或總結(jié)討論過的要點，不再提出心得觀點或問題。收尾部分應(yīng)內(nèi)容充實，簡短有力，應(yīng)能畫龍點睛，發(fā)人深省。
開頭和結(jié)尾段落往往可以互相呼應(yīng)。比如，在開頭的段落提出一個問題，在結(jié)尾的段落給出答案。
Today's Recommend：
I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved. It happened like this. There was a big revival at my Auntie Reed's church. Every night for weeks there had been much preaching, singing, praying and shouting, and some very hardened sinners had been brought to Christ, and the membership of the church had grown by leaps and bounds. Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, " to bring the young lambs to the fold." My aunt spoke of it for days ahead. That night I was escorted to the front row and placed in the mourners' bench with all the other young sinners, who had not yet been brought to Jesus.
--選自Langston Hughes Salvation，為該文的開頭第一段。