1. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
「譯文」 這種行為被看作是“人之常情”,其潛在的假定是:其他動(dòng)物不可能具有如此高度發(fā)達(dá)的埋怨意識。
「析句」 主句是Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”,介詞短語with the underlying…作伴隨狀語,而that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋前面的名詞assumption.
「講詞」 regard作動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常表示“看作,尊重”。Accounting may be regarded as a process of communication in a very real sense.(會計(jì)也許可以被看作是真實(shí)的交流過程。)He is a highly regarded scholar in the academic circle.(他在學(xué)術(shù)界被視為一位德高望重的學(xué)者。)
underlying表示“潛在的,根本的”。Clearly,Leftists have an underlying view of the difference between the “civilized” and “savage” races.(顯然,左派人士對“文明”種族和“野蠻”種族的區(qū)別有一個(gè)基本的看法。)
capable表示“有能力”,如果與of連用可以表示“有能力做某事”。That mob's capable of any crime.(這群暴徒什么犯法的事都能做出來。)
human意為“人類的,人性的,有同情心的”,在句中表示“有人性的”,all too human意為“太具有人性的”,因而可以譯為“人之常情”。
2. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.
「譯文」 但是由佐治亞州亞特蘭大埃里莫大學(xué)的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究表明猴子也具有“猴之常情”,該成果剛在《自然》上發(fā)表。
「析句」 本句的主干是a study… suggests that…,其中主語study有兩個(gè)定語:一個(gè)是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal…,另一個(gè)是which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句。謂語動(dòng)詞suggests后面的that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。
「講詞」 suggest基本意思表示“建議”,所跟的從句常用虛擬語氣。It was suggested that English should be the only language spoken in the European Parliament.(有人建議歐洲議會只使用英語。)在suggest后面的從句中,英國人一般會用should+動(dòng)詞原形,而美國人只用動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)然suggest后面跟從句并不一定表示“建議”。I never suggested that anyone has lied or should lie.(我從沒有表示過有人說過謊,或者應(yīng)該說謊。)suggest還可以表示“暗示,喚起”。The arrangement of these pillars strongly suggests unity and support.(這些柱子的排列強(qiáng)烈暗示團(tuán)結(jié)和支持。)His silence could only suggest disapproval.(他的沉默只能暗示反對。)另外,suggest有“要求;提醒”的意思。Such a crime suggests punishment.(對這樣一樁犯罪應(yīng)該給予懲罰。)
3. However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
「譯文」 但是,當(dāng)兩個(gè)猴子被放在隔開但相鄰的兩個(gè)房間里,能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什么東西時(shí),猴子的行為就會變得明顯不同。
「析句」 本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,開始是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,其中包含so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,而observe后面又是what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;最后是主句their behavior become markedly different.
「講詞」 so that是一個(gè)連接詞,在英語中十分常見,可以表示目的。How do you raise your children so that they will have healthy relationships?(你怎樣培養(yǎng)孩子,以便使他們能夠建立健康的個(gè)人關(guān)系呢?)
markedly意為“明顯地,顯著地”,其形容詞形式為marked.He showed a marked lack of interest.(他表現(xiàn)出明顯的興趣不足。)
4. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.
「譯文」 如果一只猴子無需拿出代幣就能夠得到一顆葡萄,那么另外一只就會將代幣擲向研究人員或者扔出房間外,或者拒絕接受那片黃瓜。
「析句」 本句是一個(gè)是由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,主句是the other… slice of cucumber,其中包括三個(gè)并列的謂語成分,講述了猴子的三種反應(yīng):一tossed her own token at the researcher,二(tossed her own token)out of the chamber,三refused to accept the slice of cucumber.
「講詞」 token意為“表示,象征,記號,代幣”。例如:Tears are queer tokens of happiness.(眼淚是快樂的一種奇怪的表示。)另外,as a token of或in token of表示“作為……的標(biāo)志或象征”。We shook hands as a token of our friendship.(我們握手以表示我們的友誼。)by the same token表示“基于同樣的理由”。By the same token,our African friends are welcome to share with us their experiences and lessons relating to foreign direct investment attraction and the build out of economic and technological development zones.(同樣,我們也愿意和非洲朋友們一起交流在吸引外資,建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)方面所取得的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)和失敗教訓(xùn)。)
5. However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.
「譯文」 但是,這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨(dú)立演化而成,還是來自三千五百萬前他們共同的祖先,這還是一個(gè)懸而未決的問題。
「析句」 本句的主語由whether…or whether(是……還是……)結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng),兩個(gè) whether各自引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,而且后一個(gè)從句的賓語(ancestor)后接一個(gè)定語從句。全句的謂語由系動(dòng)詞(is)+表語(an unanswered question)構(gòu)成。as yet是一個(gè)插入語,意思是“迄今為止”。
「講詞」 stem作名詞主要表示“莖(干)、詞干、家系、干線”等。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“滋生,阻止”。He put a huge effort into trying to stem the rebellion but to no effect.(他拼命想阻止叛亂,但是沒有成功。)注意stem from意為“出現(xiàn)”或“形成”。The CzechGerman declaration on mutual relations and their future development closed some of the controversial issues in CzechGerman relations stemming from the past.(捷克與德國關(guān)于相互關(guān)系及未來發(fā)展的聲明結(jié)束了兩國關(guān)系中的一些歷史爭端。)
「譯文」 這種行為被看作是“人之常情”,其潛在的假定是:其他動(dòng)物不可能具有如此高度發(fā)達(dá)的埋怨意識。
「析句」 主句是Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”,介詞短語with the underlying…作伴隨狀語,而that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋前面的名詞assumption.
「講詞」 regard作動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常表示“看作,尊重”。Accounting may be regarded as a process of communication in a very real sense.(會計(jì)也許可以被看作是真實(shí)的交流過程。)He is a highly regarded scholar in the academic circle.(他在學(xué)術(shù)界被視為一位德高望重的學(xué)者。)
underlying表示“潛在的,根本的”。Clearly,Leftists have an underlying view of the difference between the “civilized” and “savage” races.(顯然,左派人士對“文明”種族和“野蠻”種族的區(qū)別有一個(gè)基本的看法。)
capable表示“有能力”,如果與of連用可以表示“有能力做某事”。That mob's capable of any crime.(這群暴徒什么犯法的事都能做出來。)
human意為“人類的,人性的,有同情心的”,在句中表示“有人性的”,all too human意為“太具有人性的”,因而可以譯為“人之常情”。
2. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.
「譯文」 但是由佐治亞州亞特蘭大埃里莫大學(xué)的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究表明猴子也具有“猴之常情”,該成果剛在《自然》上發(fā)表。
「析句」 本句的主干是a study… suggests that…,其中主語study有兩個(gè)定語:一個(gè)是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal…,另一個(gè)是which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句。謂語動(dòng)詞suggests后面的that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。
「講詞」 suggest基本意思表示“建議”,所跟的從句常用虛擬語氣。It was suggested that English should be the only language spoken in the European Parliament.(有人建議歐洲議會只使用英語。)在suggest后面的從句中,英國人一般會用should+動(dòng)詞原形,而美國人只用動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)然suggest后面跟從句并不一定表示“建議”。I never suggested that anyone has lied or should lie.(我從沒有表示過有人說過謊,或者應(yīng)該說謊。)suggest還可以表示“暗示,喚起”。The arrangement of these pillars strongly suggests unity and support.(這些柱子的排列強(qiáng)烈暗示團(tuán)結(jié)和支持。)His silence could only suggest disapproval.(他的沉默只能暗示反對。)另外,suggest有“要求;提醒”的意思。Such a crime suggests punishment.(對這樣一樁犯罪應(yīng)該給予懲罰。)
3. However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
「譯文」 但是,當(dāng)兩個(gè)猴子被放在隔開但相鄰的兩個(gè)房間里,能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什么東西時(shí),猴子的行為就會變得明顯不同。
「析句」 本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,開始是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,其中包含so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,而observe后面又是what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;最后是主句their behavior become markedly different.
「講詞」 so that是一個(gè)連接詞,在英語中十分常見,可以表示目的。How do you raise your children so that they will have healthy relationships?(你怎樣培養(yǎng)孩子,以便使他們能夠建立健康的個(gè)人關(guān)系呢?)
markedly意為“明顯地,顯著地”,其形容詞形式為marked.He showed a marked lack of interest.(他表現(xiàn)出明顯的興趣不足。)
4. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.
「譯文」 如果一只猴子無需拿出代幣就能夠得到一顆葡萄,那么另外一只就會將代幣擲向研究人員或者扔出房間外,或者拒絕接受那片黃瓜。
「析句」 本句是一個(gè)是由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,主句是the other… slice of cucumber,其中包括三個(gè)并列的謂語成分,講述了猴子的三種反應(yīng):一tossed her own token at the researcher,二(tossed her own token)out of the chamber,三refused to accept the slice of cucumber.
「講詞」 token意為“表示,象征,記號,代幣”。例如:Tears are queer tokens of happiness.(眼淚是快樂的一種奇怪的表示。)另外,as a token of或in token of表示“作為……的標(biāo)志或象征”。We shook hands as a token of our friendship.(我們握手以表示我們的友誼。)by the same token表示“基于同樣的理由”。By the same token,our African friends are welcome to share with us their experiences and lessons relating to foreign direct investment attraction and the build out of economic and technological development zones.(同樣,我們也愿意和非洲朋友們一起交流在吸引外資,建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)方面所取得的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)和失敗教訓(xùn)。)
5. However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.
「譯文」 但是,這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨(dú)立演化而成,還是來自三千五百萬前他們共同的祖先,這還是一個(gè)懸而未決的問題。
「析句」 本句的主語由whether…or whether(是……還是……)結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng),兩個(gè) whether各自引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,而且后一個(gè)從句的賓語(ancestor)后接一個(gè)定語從句。全句的謂語由系動(dòng)詞(is)+表語(an unanswered question)構(gòu)成。as yet是一個(gè)插入語,意思是“迄今為止”。
「講詞」 stem作名詞主要表示“莖(干)、詞干、家系、干線”等。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“滋生,阻止”。He put a huge effort into trying to stem the rebellion but to no effect.(他拼命想阻止叛亂,但是沒有成功。)注意stem from意為“出現(xiàn)”或“形成”。The CzechGerman declaration on mutual relations and their future development closed some of the controversial issues in CzechGerman relations stemming from the past.(捷克與德國關(guān)于相互關(guān)系及未來發(fā)展的聲明結(jié)束了兩國關(guān)系中的一些歷史爭端。)