2005年考研英語閱讀理解
Part B
25. Canada's premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,to reduce healthcare costs.
「譯文」 加拿大的省長們在7月底舉行的年度會議上對渥太華抱怨了一通,如果他們還有力氣的話,他們也許應該花點時間做點什么,以降低醫(yī)療費用。
「析句」 這是一個條件復合句。從句是if… annual meeting,主句是Canadas premiers… to do something,后面的to reduce healthcare costs是目的狀語。
「講詞」 breath在句中意為“精力”。to have any breath left意為“還有力氣或精力”。I dont have any breath to explain myself.(我沒有精力為我自己解釋。)Mrs. Hockin had scarcely any breath to tell us anything,as she came in through the door.(霍金夫人走進門以后幾乎沒有力氣跟我們說話。)
spare作形容詞表示“空余的;有用的”,如spare time(業(yè)余時間)。作動詞時,可以表示“饒?。话参?;使免除;節(jié)省”等。It is time for the President to spare himself the burden of leadership.(總統(tǒng)現在應該主動放棄領導國家的職責。)
26. Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency.
「譯文」 不要說別的專家所提的報告,就連羅曼諾醫(yī)療委員會和科爾比醫(yī)療委員會都建議成立一個全國性的藥品機構。
「析句」 這是一個簡單句,但是句中有一個插入成分,即破折號中間的成分。插入語實際上表示一種讓步條件。
「講詞」 to say nothing of意為“更不要說”。I think your written English is quite good,to say nothing of your oral English.(我認為你的英語寫作水平很高,更不要說你的口語了。)Those doing business in China are often frustrated by the language difficulties,to say nothing of the cultural and business practice differences.(在中國做生意的人常常會因語言障礙而感到泄氣,更不要說在文化和經營慣例方面的差別了。)
creation在句中是“成立,建立,創(chuàng)建”的意思。The creation of the fund was made possible by a generous donation from the business community.(得益于商界各位人士的慷慨相助,基金會才得以成立。)
27. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.
「譯文」 與其各省自行制定藥品采購清單,擁有自己的機構、程序和有限的議價能力,倒不如集中各自掌握的資源,與渥太華一道成立一個全國性的機構。
「析句」 句子的主句是all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.instead of引導了一個介詞短語,作全句的狀語。instead of意為“代替;寧愿”,如果直譯句子肯定不通,因此在翻譯時可對句子結構等進行適當的調整。
「講詞」 pool在句中作動詞,意為“匯聚;集中”。Lets pool our resources to finish the project quickly.(讓我們集合我們的資源以盡快完成這個項目。)在北美,人們?yōu)榱斯?jié)省汽油,上班時會car pool,即拼車上班。
28. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.
「譯文」 基礎經濟學理論說明,潛在的消費者越多就越有可能爭取更優(yōu)惠的價格。
「析句」 這是一個簡單句,但是由于用了不大常用的詞likelihood,句子顯得有些費解。改寫一下,可能意思更明了:Basic economics suggests that it is more likely to negotiate a better price with more potential consumers.
「講詞」 likelihood意為“可能,可能性”。Do you think there is any likelihood of his agreeing to it?(=Do you think it is possible that he will agree to it?你認為他有同意此事的可能性嗎?)WHO,the world health organization,warns that the likelihood of a human flu epidemic is very high.(世界衛(wèi)生組織警告說,爆發(fā)人流感的可能性非常高。)
29. A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.
「譯文」 渥太華和一些省出資成立了加拿大醫(yī)療技術評估協(xié)作辦公室,這意味著向成立全國性機構的目標邁出了一小步。
「析句」 這是一個簡單句,句子的主干是A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency.with the creation…Assessment是狀語,過去分詞短語(funded by Ottawa and the provinces)作定語,修飾the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment.
「講詞」 assess意為“估定,評定”,assessment是其名詞形式。Damages were assessed at 1,000 RMB.(損失估計達一千元人民幣。)What is your assessment of the situation?(你對時局的看法如何?)
fund作名詞時表示“資金,基金(會)”,作動詞意為“資助,投資”。idle fund(游資),public welfare fund(公益金),a relief fund(救濟基金),a reserve fund(公積金),a scholarship fund(獎學金基金)。The project was abandoned for want of funds.(這個計劃因為缺少資金而作罷。)The project funded by the government has eased the traffic problem in the city.(政府投資的項目緩解了城市的交通問題。)
30. Or they could read Mr. Kirbys report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescriptiondrug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”
「譯文」 或許他們可以讀一讀科爾比先生的報告:“由于這樣一個機構擁有實實在在的購買力,因而公共處方藥保險計劃就會得到加強,從而與制藥公司展開談判,以盡可能低的價格采購藥品?!?BR> 「析句」 引號之內的成分可以視作為Mr. Kirbys report的同位語。引號中的成分是一個單句,to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies是其目的狀語。由于引號中的主語(the substantial buying power of such an agency)太長,因此在譯成漢語時應該考慮譯成一個分句。
「講詞」 buying power又叫purchasing power(購買力)。注意negotiate的用法,to negotiate sth with sb.Mexico had unequal bargaining power when it negotiated the Treaty with the United States.(墨西哥在與美國締結條約時沒有平等的討價還價權力。)You should negotiate a pay raise with your boss.(你應該與你的老板交涉,爭取讓他給你漲工資。)
31. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healthcare spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.
「譯文」 根據加拿大醫(yī)療信息研究所的報告,處方藥的成本自1997年以來持續(xù)上漲,其上漲幅度是整個醫(yī)療支出速度的兩倍。部分原因是不斷有新藥取代舊的治療手段,部分原因是新藥比舊藥貴,部分原因是價格高。
「析句」 句子并不復雜,但要注意英語中的倍數表達(twice the rate),以及如何解釋原因。
「講詞」 twice可以表達兩倍。Greenland ice cap is breaking up at twice the rate it was five years ago.(格陵蘭的冰冠正以5年前兩倍的速度融化。)
arise from意為“起于”。This case arose from a fire in a residential property in southern Delaware.(這一案件源于南特拉華州一處民宅的火災。)The serious health problems arose from the Gulf War.(這一嚴重的健康問題起于海灣戰(zhàn)爭。)
32. So,if the provinces want to run the healthcare show,they should prove they can run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another,and bargain for better drug prices.
「譯文」 所以說,如果各省都想自己掌管醫(yī)療事業(yè),它們就應該證明自己能夠管好,首先各省應當不再單獨制定藥品采購清單,而是協(xié)同制定一份統(tǒng)一的藥品采購清單,節(jié)省管理成本,防止各省之間互相爭斗,并盡量爭取壓低藥品的價格。
「析句」 這是一個條件復合句,從句是if the provinces want to run the healthcare show,主句是they should prove they can run it.starting with an interprovincial health list作句子的伴隨狀語,而an interprovincial health list后面跟了一個定語從句。在定語從句中,謂語動詞一共有四個(end,save,prevent和bargain)。
「講詞」 run在句中是“管理”的意思。Remember when George W. Bush said hed run the country like a corporation?(記得喬治。W.布什曾說他管理國家會像管理公司一樣嗎?)The problem we have is that he has no idea how to run the company.(我們的問題是他不知如何管理公司。
Part B
25. Canada's premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,to reduce healthcare costs.
「譯文」 加拿大的省長們在7月底舉行的年度會議上對渥太華抱怨了一通,如果他們還有力氣的話,他們也許應該花點時間做點什么,以降低醫(yī)療費用。
「析句」 這是一個條件復合句。從句是if… annual meeting,主句是Canadas premiers… to do something,后面的to reduce healthcare costs是目的狀語。
「講詞」 breath在句中意為“精力”。to have any breath left意為“還有力氣或精力”。I dont have any breath to explain myself.(我沒有精力為我自己解釋。)Mrs. Hockin had scarcely any breath to tell us anything,as she came in through the door.(霍金夫人走進門以后幾乎沒有力氣跟我們說話。)
spare作形容詞表示“空余的;有用的”,如spare time(業(yè)余時間)。作動詞時,可以表示“饒?。话参?;使免除;節(jié)省”等。It is time for the President to spare himself the burden of leadership.(總統(tǒng)現在應該主動放棄領導國家的職責。)
26. Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency.
「譯文」 不要說別的專家所提的報告,就連羅曼諾醫(yī)療委員會和科爾比醫(yī)療委員會都建議成立一個全國性的藥品機構。
「析句」 這是一個簡單句,但是句中有一個插入成分,即破折號中間的成分。插入語實際上表示一種讓步條件。
「講詞」 to say nothing of意為“更不要說”。I think your written English is quite good,to say nothing of your oral English.(我認為你的英語寫作水平很高,更不要說你的口語了。)Those doing business in China are often frustrated by the language difficulties,to say nothing of the cultural and business practice differences.(在中國做生意的人常常會因語言障礙而感到泄氣,更不要說在文化和經營慣例方面的差別了。)
creation在句中是“成立,建立,創(chuàng)建”的意思。The creation of the fund was made possible by a generous donation from the business community.(得益于商界各位人士的慷慨相助,基金會才得以成立。)
27. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.
「譯文」 與其各省自行制定藥品采購清單,擁有自己的機構、程序和有限的議價能力,倒不如集中各自掌握的資源,與渥太華一道成立一個全國性的機構。
「析句」 句子的主句是all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.instead of引導了一個介詞短語,作全句的狀語。instead of意為“代替;寧愿”,如果直譯句子肯定不通,因此在翻譯時可對句子結構等進行適當的調整。
「講詞」 pool在句中作動詞,意為“匯聚;集中”。Lets pool our resources to finish the project quickly.(讓我們集合我們的資源以盡快完成這個項目。)在北美,人們?yōu)榱斯?jié)省汽油,上班時會car pool,即拼車上班。
28. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.
「譯文」 基礎經濟學理論說明,潛在的消費者越多就越有可能爭取更優(yōu)惠的價格。
「析句」 這是一個簡單句,但是由于用了不大常用的詞likelihood,句子顯得有些費解。改寫一下,可能意思更明了:Basic economics suggests that it is more likely to negotiate a better price with more potential consumers.
「講詞」 likelihood意為“可能,可能性”。Do you think there is any likelihood of his agreeing to it?(=Do you think it is possible that he will agree to it?你認為他有同意此事的可能性嗎?)WHO,the world health organization,warns that the likelihood of a human flu epidemic is very high.(世界衛(wèi)生組織警告說,爆發(fā)人流感的可能性非常高。)
29. A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.
「譯文」 渥太華和一些省出資成立了加拿大醫(yī)療技術評估協(xié)作辦公室,這意味著向成立全國性機構的目標邁出了一小步。
「析句」 這是一個簡單句,句子的主干是A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency.with the creation…Assessment是狀語,過去分詞短語(funded by Ottawa and the provinces)作定語,修飾the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment.
「講詞」 assess意為“估定,評定”,assessment是其名詞形式。Damages were assessed at 1,000 RMB.(損失估計達一千元人民幣。)What is your assessment of the situation?(你對時局的看法如何?)
fund作名詞時表示“資金,基金(會)”,作動詞意為“資助,投資”。idle fund(游資),public welfare fund(公益金),a relief fund(救濟基金),a reserve fund(公積金),a scholarship fund(獎學金基金)。The project was abandoned for want of funds.(這個計劃因為缺少資金而作罷。)The project funded by the government has eased the traffic problem in the city.(政府投資的項目緩解了城市的交通問題。)
30. Or they could read Mr. Kirbys report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescriptiondrug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”
「譯文」 或許他們可以讀一讀科爾比先生的報告:“由于這樣一個機構擁有實實在在的購買力,因而公共處方藥保險計劃就會得到加強,從而與制藥公司展開談判,以盡可能低的價格采購藥品?!?BR> 「析句」 引號之內的成分可以視作為Mr. Kirbys report的同位語。引號中的成分是一個單句,to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies是其目的狀語。由于引號中的主語(the substantial buying power of such an agency)太長,因此在譯成漢語時應該考慮譯成一個分句。
「講詞」 buying power又叫purchasing power(購買力)。注意negotiate的用法,to negotiate sth with sb.Mexico had unequal bargaining power when it negotiated the Treaty with the United States.(墨西哥在與美國締結條約時沒有平等的討價還價權力。)You should negotiate a pay raise with your boss.(你應該與你的老板交涉,爭取讓他給你漲工資。)
31. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healthcare spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.
「譯文」 根據加拿大醫(yī)療信息研究所的報告,處方藥的成本自1997年以來持續(xù)上漲,其上漲幅度是整個醫(yī)療支出速度的兩倍。部分原因是不斷有新藥取代舊的治療手段,部分原因是新藥比舊藥貴,部分原因是價格高。
「析句」 句子并不復雜,但要注意英語中的倍數表達(twice the rate),以及如何解釋原因。
「講詞」 twice可以表達兩倍。Greenland ice cap is breaking up at twice the rate it was five years ago.(格陵蘭的冰冠正以5年前兩倍的速度融化。)
arise from意為“起于”。This case arose from a fire in a residential property in southern Delaware.(這一案件源于南特拉華州一處民宅的火災。)The serious health problems arose from the Gulf War.(這一嚴重的健康問題起于海灣戰(zhàn)爭。)
32. So,if the provinces want to run the healthcare show,they should prove they can run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another,and bargain for better drug prices.
「譯文」 所以說,如果各省都想自己掌管醫(yī)療事業(yè),它們就應該證明自己能夠管好,首先各省應當不再單獨制定藥品采購清單,而是協(xié)同制定一份統(tǒng)一的藥品采購清單,節(jié)省管理成本,防止各省之間互相爭斗,并盡量爭取壓低藥品的價格。
「析句」 這是一個條件復合句,從句是if the provinces want to run the healthcare show,主句是they should prove they can run it.starting with an interprovincial health list作句子的伴隨狀語,而an interprovincial health list后面跟了一個定語從句。在定語從句中,謂語動詞一共有四個(end,save,prevent和bargain)。
「講詞」 run在句中是“管理”的意思。Remember when George W. Bush said hed run the country like a corporation?(記得喬治。W.布什曾說他管理國家會像管理公司一樣嗎?)The problem we have is that he has no idea how to run the company.(我們的問題是他不知如何管理公司。