四六級(jí)語法詞匯5

字號(hào):

be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
    表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:
    There‘s to be an investigation.
    I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
    這一結(jié)構(gòu)常見于報(bào)紙和廣播,用以宣布官方的計(jì)劃或決定。例如:
    The Queen is to visit Japan next year.
    二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如:
    You are to stand here. Do you understand?
    Tell her she‘s not to be back late.
    一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表達(dá)將來時(shí)間,常見于條件狀
    語和時(shí)間狀語從句。例如:
    If she comes, I‘ll tell her all about it.
    Wait here till the meeting is over.
    It won‘t be long before the rain stops.
    近義詞辨析
    begin, commence, initiate, launch, start 
    這組詞均含有“開始”的意思。
    在這組詞中最常用,泛指開始做某事。但口語中近年來start用得較多。
    The band began to play joyful music.樂隊(duì)開始演奏歡快的音樂。
    commence比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它儀式及軍事用語中人們傾向用commence. 
    The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.軍官命令士兵開始進(jìn)攻。
    initiate指進(jìn)程中的第一步,與何時(shí)停止或結(jié)束沒有關(guān)系。
    The government has initiated a new reform program.政府啟動(dòng)了新的改革方案。
    launch指開始或著手一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)、計(jì)劃等大規(guī)?;蚵晞?shì)浩大的行動(dòng),行動(dòng)前或行動(dòng)中有一定的宣傳鼓動(dòng)。
    The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那個(gè)公司要發(fā)起廣告攻勢(shì)推出自己的新產(chǎn)品。
    Start與stop構(gòu)成反義用法,指從一特定地點(diǎn)出發(fā),由靜止或等待狀態(tài)開始做某事。在口語中常可代替begin. 
    They started operations at once.他們馬上開始行動(dòng)。
    全真模擬試題
    1. ______ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite
    choice for wedding gown.
    A. Unpopular has as white been 
    B. White has been as unpopular
    C. Unpopular has been as white 
    D. Unpopular as white has been
    2. ______ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.
    A. There has been no rain 
    B. Having no rain 
    C. There having been no rain
    D. There being no rain
    3. The millions of calculations involved, ______ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
    A. had they been done 
    B. they had been done 
    C. having been done 
    D. they were done
    4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment
    ______。
    A. which they are happening 
    B. they are happening 
    C. which they happen 
    D. they have happened
    5. ______ me most was that the young boy who had lost
    both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.
    A. That amazed B. It amazed
    C. Which amazed D. What amazed
    6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very
    young, ______ she was twentyfive.
    A. her first real success did not come until 
    B. her real first success came until not
    C. since her first real success did not come until
    D. not until her first real success
    7. You should know better than ______ your little sis
    ter at home by herself.
    A. to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left
    8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ______
    grab a bite at the snack bar.
    A. may well B. just as well 
    C. might as well D. as well
    9. She resorted to ______ when she had no money to buy
    foods for her children.
    A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing
    10. The boy has admitted to ______ the window while playing football yesterday.
    A. breaking B. having been broken 
    C. break D. be breaking
    11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets _____in transit.
    A. misused B. mishandled C. mistaken D. mislaid
    12. ______ money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.
    A. Concerning B. As to 
    C. In terms of D. In the light of
    13. A wellwritten composition ______ good choice of
    words and clear organization among other things.
    A. calls for B. calls on C. calls up D. calls off
    14. It is ______ with the customer not to let the shop
    assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.
    A. in her honor B. on her honor 
    C. a point of honor D. an honor
    15. This house will probably come on the ______ next month.
    A. fair B. market C. shop D. store
    16. George was introduced to ______ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.
    A. illegal B. lawful C. faithful D. peaceful
    17. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education_________。
    A. settlement B. establishment C. costruction D. structure
    
    18. People‘s status in society is frequently ______ by
    how much they own.
    A. measured B. examined C. tested D. questioned
    19. Jack is so ______ to his appearance that he never
    has his clothes pressed.
    A. adverse B. anonymous C. indifferent D. casual
    20. There is an increasing ______ to make movies describing violence.
    A. strength B. direction C. tradition D. trend
    21. Outside my office window there is a fire ______ on
    the right.
    A. escape B. ladder C. steps D. stairs
    22. I ______ with the Browns during my stay in New York City.
    A. put in B. put down C. put on D. put up
    23. Operations which left patients ______ and in need
    of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.
    A. exhausted B. unhealthy C. upset D. fearful
    24. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell
    their vegetables ______ the black market.
    A. on B. at C. in D. for
    25. The electric fan does not work because of the ______
    of service.
    A. pause B. break C. interruption D. breakdown
    試題答案與解析
    1. D)
    「句意」 雖然白色過去不受歡迎,但目前它是婚紗的首選顏色。
    「難點(diǎn)」 as是連詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),往往使用半倒裝形式。又如:
    Beautiful as she is, she is foolish.
    2. C)
    「句意」 由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無雨,田野變得十分干燥。
    「難點(diǎn)」 該句的前半部分是There be結(jié)構(gòu),完成式獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)形式,這與時(shí)
    間狀語for a long time相吻合。
    3. A)
    「句意」 數(shù)百萬次計(jì)算如果用手工操作,那么,到計(jì)算結(jié)束的時(shí)候,就將失去其全部實(shí)際意義。
    「難點(diǎn)」 這是一句虛擬語氣的句子,條件句使用了省略if的倒裝句形式,
    動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反。
    4. B)
    「句意」 電視使我們能夠在事情發(fā)生的那一瞬間就看到它們是如何發(fā)生的。
    「難點(diǎn)」 moment后接的是省略關(guān)系副詞when的定語從句。B)符合題意要求。
    5. D)
    「句意」 最令我驚訝的是,這個(gè)在車禍
    中失去雙臂的小男孩能夠用腳使用鋼筆。
    「難點(diǎn)」 這是一個(gè)what從句作主語的典型句子。
    6. A)
    「句意」 雖然她很小的時(shí)候就寫了很多
    短篇小說和詩(shī)歌,但她直到25歲才迎來第一次真正的成功。
    「難點(diǎn)」 這是一個(gè)練習(xí)not until結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。
    7. A)
    「句意」 你應(yīng)該知道,不該把你小妹妹
    一個(gè)人留在家里。
    「難點(diǎn)」 to know better than to do sth.是一個(gè)常見的表示責(zé)備的句型,意為“應(yīng)該知道不該做某事”。
    8. C)
    「句意」 既然火車一個(gè)小時(shí)以后才開,我們不妨到快餐店吃口東西。
    「難點(diǎn)」 might as well后接動(dòng)詞原形,意為“不妨,何不”。
    9. D) 「句意」 當(dāng)她沒錢為孩子買吃的東西時(shí)
    ,她開始偷。
    「難點(diǎn)」 resort to意為:求助于,其中to是介詞,后接動(dòng)名詞。
    9. A)
    「句意」 那個(gè)男孩承認(rèn)在昨天踢足球的時(shí)候打破了窗子。
    「難點(diǎn)」 admit to中的to是介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
    10. D)
    「句意」 貝蒂建議我把我們的行李認(rèn)真地貼上標(biāo)簽以免運(yùn)輸中放錯(cuò)位置。
    「難點(diǎn)」 mislay意為“把……放錯(cuò)地方”;misuse意為“錯(cuò)用濫用”;mi
    shandle意為“瞎弄,胡亂操作”;mistake意為“誤選”。
    11. C)
    「句意」 就錢而言,她很富裕。然而這并不意味著她幸福。
    「難點(diǎn)」 in terms of意為“從……方面來說”;concerning意為“關(guān)于
    “;as to也是”關(guān)于;至于“;in the light of 意為”鑒于,由于“。
    12. A)
    「句意」 一篇好文章,除其它因素外,還要求選詞優(yōu)美,組織清晰。
    「難點(diǎn)」 call for意為“要求,需要”;call on意為“號(hào)召,請(qǐng)求”;call up意為“使人想起” ;call off意為“取消,停止做”。
    13. C)
    「句意」 對(duì)于顧客來說,直到最后時(shí)刻
    才讓售貨員猜出她真正喜歡什么,真正想買什么,這是一個(gè)涉及面子的問題。
    「難點(diǎn)」 a point of honor意為“涉及名譽(yù)的事情”;in one‘s honor意為“為某人的
    榮譽(yù)“; on one‘s honor意為”以名譽(yù)擔(dān)?!埃籥n honor意為”光榮的人或事“。
    14. B)
    「句意」 這座房子可能下月上市。
    「難點(diǎn)」 on the market意為“上市,出售”; fair意為“集市;廟會(huì);交易會(huì)”;shop是“商店”;store是“儲(chǔ)存;倉(cāng)庫(kù)”。
    15. A)
    「句意」 很小的時(shí)候,喬治被介紹參與
    了非法活動(dòng),他受雇為毒販子放哨。
    「難點(diǎn)」 illegal 意為“不合法的,非法的”;lawful 意為“依法的,守定的”;faithful意為“忠實(shí)的,守信的”;peaceful 意為“平靜的;安寧的”。
    16. B)
    「句意」 能稱得上大學(xué)稱號(hào)的機(jī)構(gòu)是一個(gè)比其他種類高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)都更復(fù)雜更綜合的機(jī)構(gòu)。
    「難點(diǎn)」 establishment 意為“企業(yè),設(shè)施(公司,學(xué)校,醫(yī)院,教會(huì)等)”;settlement
    意為“定居點(diǎn);殖民地”;construction意為“建造;建筑物”;structure是“結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造”。
    17. A)
    「句意」 人的社會(huì)地位常常由他們擁有的財(cái)富的多少來衡量。
    「難點(diǎn)」 measure 意為“估量,衡量”;examine 意為“檢查;仔細(xì)觀察”;test意為“試驗(yàn),測(cè)試”;question意為“詢問,審問”。
    18. C)
    「句意」 杰克從不注意自己的外表,衣服從來不燙。
    「難點(diǎn)」 indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”; adverse意為“不利的,反
    對(duì)的“;anonymous 意為”匿名的“; casual意為”非正式的,不拘禮節(jié)的“。
    19. D)
    「句意」 暴力片的拍攝大有上升趨勢(shì)。
    「難點(diǎn)」 trend意為“傾向,趨勢(shì)”;strength意為“力量,實(shí)力”;direction意為“方向”;tradition 意為“傳統(tǒng)”。
    20. A)
    「句意」 我辦公室的窗外右側(cè)有一個(gè)救生樓梯。
    「難點(diǎn)」 fire escape 意為“防火安全樓梯(位于樓房的外側(cè)面)”;ladder意為“梯子”;steps意為“臺(tái)階”;stairs意為“樓梯”,指室內(nèi)的。
    21. D)
    「句意」 我在紐約市逗留期間和布朗一家人過了一夜。
    「難點(diǎn)」 put up意為“宿夜”;put in 意為“度過,消磨(時(shí)間等)”;
    put down意為“寫下,記錄”;put on 意為“上演,演出”。
    22. A)
    「句意」 以前,病人手術(shù)后精疲力竭,需長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能恢復(fù),現(xiàn)在手術(shù)的病人卻感到既輕松又舒適。
    「難點(diǎn)」 exhausted 意為“精疲力竭的”;unhealthy意為“不健康的”
    ;upset意為“苦惱的,不適的”;fearful 意為“擔(dān)心的,可怕的”。
    23. A)
    「句意」 農(nóng)夫們被允許在自己的菜園耕種,并將蔬菜拿到黑市上去賣。
    「難點(diǎn)」 on the market 意為“上市,出售中”,其它介詞搭配不合適。
    24. C)
    「句意」 由于中止了服務(wù),所以電扇不轉(zhuǎn)了。
    「難點(diǎn)」 interruption 意為“中止,中斷”;pause 意為“暫停,間歇
    “;break意為”停頓,間歇“;breakdown意為”損壞,故障“。