一 名詞性從句:
1. 主要包括主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.
What you need is more practice.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
We must find out who did all this.
We expressed the hope that he would come to China again.
2. 主語(yǔ)從句很多情況下都可以放到句子后面,而用代詞it作形式上的主語(yǔ). 例如:
It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
3. 形式賓語(yǔ)
I think it best that you should stay here.
She took it for granted that he would receive it with shame.
4. 由名詞性關(guān)系代詞whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的賓語(yǔ)從句
He will do whatever the teacher asks him to do.
I’ll take whoever wants to go with me to the theatre.
Take whichever you like best.
5. whether and if 都能引導(dǎo)從句, 但用法有所不同. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句直接位于句首時(shí),應(yīng)用whether,而不用if. Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.
Whether he will come or not is not known.
6. 在名詞reason后的表語(yǔ)從句必須用that引導(dǎo), 不可誤用 because.
The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.
二: 定語(yǔ)從句
1. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整個(gè)句子, 多用which.
The dog that/which was lost has been found.
Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting.
There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.
The days when we had to rely on wool, cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed.
Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low.
This is the reason why he refused to help us.
He was born in 1976, when an earthquake struck the country.
They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people, which enraged all of us.
2. 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前為形容詞級(jí)所修飾時(shí),或先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時(shí),從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that.
The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday.
These are the very points that puzzle me.
Is there anything that bothers you?
This is the best film that was ever produced by the company.
3. as 可做引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 多和such, the same 連用. As 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也可修飾整個(gè)句子, 既可放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開(kāi)頭.
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
The boy was run over by a motor-car, as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.
As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.
We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts.
4. 介詞+which/whom/whose從句
The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.
Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.
Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book, of which none of us had ever heard.
Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _______ it comes in contact.
a. where b. that c with which d as soon as
5. 代/名+介詞+which 從句
he is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.
In factories and in our daily life, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition.
To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer.
6. 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句
The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing.
The news the you told me was really exciting.
7. 難句:
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
I shall never forget the day when we first met.
I remember the morning when he first came to school.
I shall never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.
The room where he lived is kept in good repair.
Alva found a place in the cellar ______ he uses as his first laboratory.
A where B which C what D in which
The way in which/that you answered the questions was admirable.
三 狀語(yǔ)從句: 修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞, 形容詞和副詞, 通常有從屬連詞引導(dǎo), 按其意義和作用可分為時(shí)間, 地點(diǎn), 條件, 原因, 讓步, 目的, 結(jié)果, 方式, 比較.等
1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:
1) 常見(jiàn)連詞有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as etc.
As you look at yourself in a mirror, you’ll seen an identical image of yourself.
It is a long time before it is possible to test the medicine on human patients.
It was not until…that
Not until…did he…
Not until I received the letter, did I know he had gone to America.
It was not until….
When I got to the airport, I suddenly remembered that I had left the ticket behind.
I was about to leave, when something occurred which attracted my attention.
Whenever we have difficulty, he’ll come to help us.
2) no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: 剛做…就….
No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang.
She had scarcely news when she fainted.
3) 還有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc
I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.
I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
2. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句: 一般用where or wherever 引導(dǎo)
I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.
Wherever they went, they were warmly welcome.
3. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句:真實(shí)條件從句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc
I will not go to her party if she doesn’t invite me.
I will not go to her party unless she invites me.
4. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句: 從屬連詞有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鑒于,由于)
As the school regulations are written quite clearly, there is nothing more to be explained.
Considering that the sweater was hard made, it was not expensive.
Seeing that they are inexperienced, they are doing quite a good job.
5. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:
1): even if, though, even though, while(盡管) no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however etc.
He will not give up smoking even though the doctor advises him to.
Whatever the consequence may be, I will be on your side.
However hard she tried to explain, nobody trusted her.
It has been the same result, whichever way you do it.
2) 由as 引起的讓步從句, 語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)烈,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞須放在句首.
Simple as the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.
Cold as it is, the children play outdoors.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with him.
Object as you may, I will go on with my plan.
3) whether…or,不管…或…
whether you be a student or a teacher, you are required to obey the regulations of the school.
6. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句: so that, so…that, such…that
He is so humorous that we’ll never forget him.
She is such a nice girl that everybody likes to make friends with her.
7. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case
I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.
Telephone us in advance in order that we might make the necessary arragements.
8. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句: as, just as, as if: 如同…一樣
we should do the exercise as our teacher tells us.
You talk as if you had really been there.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
Nails protect the ends of human fingers and toes as claw protect the toes of most animals.
The young man operates the machine as the old worker has taught him.
9. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句:
1) as…as, not so/as…as
the film was not so exciting as we expected.
The history of nursing is as old as the history of man.
She likes them almost as much as Paul does.
2) 比較級(jí)+than, so much/a lot more than
She looks much younger than she is.
The universe is a lot more complicated than you think.
3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than
Jack is no more frightened than Mike is.
Jack is not more frightened than Mike is. 不像馬克那么害怕
Tom is no more rich than Black
3) the more…the more
The farther north you go, the severer the winter is.
The more I see of him, the less I like him.
1. 主要包括主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.
What you need is more practice.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
We must find out who did all this.
We expressed the hope that he would come to China again.
2. 主語(yǔ)從句很多情況下都可以放到句子后面,而用代詞it作形式上的主語(yǔ). 例如:
It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.
3. 形式賓語(yǔ)
I think it best that you should stay here.
She took it for granted that he would receive it with shame.
4. 由名詞性關(guān)系代詞whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的賓語(yǔ)從句
He will do whatever the teacher asks him to do.
I’ll take whoever wants to go with me to the theatre.
Take whichever you like best.
5. whether and if 都能引導(dǎo)從句, 但用法有所不同. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句直接位于句首時(shí),應(yīng)用whether,而不用if. Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.
Whether he will come or not is not known.
6. 在名詞reason后的表語(yǔ)從句必須用that引導(dǎo), 不可誤用 because.
The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.
二: 定語(yǔ)從句
1. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整個(gè)句子, 多用which.
The dog that/which was lost has been found.
Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting.
There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.
The days when we had to rely on wool, cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed.
Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low.
This is the reason why he refused to help us.
He was born in 1976, when an earthquake struck the country.
They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people, which enraged all of us.
2. 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前為形容詞級(jí)所修飾時(shí),或先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時(shí),從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that.
The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday.
These are the very points that puzzle me.
Is there anything that bothers you?
This is the best film that was ever produced by the company.
3. as 可做引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 多和such, the same 連用. As 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也可修飾整個(gè)句子, 既可放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開(kāi)頭.
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
The boy was run over by a motor-car, as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.
As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.
We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts.
4. 介詞+which/whom/whose從句
The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.
Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.
Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book, of which none of us had ever heard.
Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _______ it comes in contact.
a. where b. that c with which d as soon as
5. 代/名+介詞+which 從句
he is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.
In factories and in our daily life, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition.
To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer.
6. 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句
The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing.
The news the you told me was really exciting.
7. 難句:
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
I shall never forget the day when we first met.
I remember the morning when he first came to school.
I shall never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.
The room where he lived is kept in good repair.
Alva found a place in the cellar ______ he uses as his first laboratory.
A where B which C what D in which
The way in which/that you answered the questions was admirable.
三 狀語(yǔ)從句: 修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞, 形容詞和副詞, 通常有從屬連詞引導(dǎo), 按其意義和作用可分為時(shí)間, 地點(diǎn), 條件, 原因, 讓步, 目的, 結(jié)果, 方式, 比較.等
1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:
1) 常見(jiàn)連詞有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as etc.
As you look at yourself in a mirror, you’ll seen an identical image of yourself.
It is a long time before it is possible to test the medicine on human patients.
It was not until…that
Not until…did he…
Not until I received the letter, did I know he had gone to America.
It was not until….
When I got to the airport, I suddenly remembered that I had left the ticket behind.
I was about to leave, when something occurred which attracted my attention.
Whenever we have difficulty, he’ll come to help us.
2) no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: 剛做…就….
No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang.
She had scarcely news when she fainted.
3) 還有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc
I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.
I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
2. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句: 一般用where or wherever 引導(dǎo)
I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.
Wherever they went, they were warmly welcome.
3. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句:真實(shí)條件從句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc
I will not go to her party if she doesn’t invite me.
I will not go to her party unless she invites me.
4. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句: 從屬連詞有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鑒于,由于)
As the school regulations are written quite clearly, there is nothing more to be explained.
Considering that the sweater was hard made, it was not expensive.
Seeing that they are inexperienced, they are doing quite a good job.
5. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:
1): even if, though, even though, while(盡管) no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however etc.
He will not give up smoking even though the doctor advises him to.
Whatever the consequence may be, I will be on your side.
However hard she tried to explain, nobody trusted her.
It has been the same result, whichever way you do it.
2) 由as 引起的讓步從句, 語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)烈,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞須放在句首.
Simple as the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.
Cold as it is, the children play outdoors.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with him.
Object as you may, I will go on with my plan.
3) whether…or,不管…或…
whether you be a student or a teacher, you are required to obey the regulations of the school.
6. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句: so that, so…that, such…that
He is so humorous that we’ll never forget him.
She is such a nice girl that everybody likes to make friends with her.
7. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case
I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.
Telephone us in advance in order that we might make the necessary arragements.
8. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句: as, just as, as if: 如同…一樣
we should do the exercise as our teacher tells us.
You talk as if you had really been there.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
Nails protect the ends of human fingers and toes as claw protect the toes of most animals.
The young man operates the machine as the old worker has taught him.
9. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句:
1) as…as, not so/as…as
the film was not so exciting as we expected.
The history of nursing is as old as the history of man.
She likes them almost as much as Paul does.
2) 比較級(jí)+than, so much/a lot more than
She looks much younger than she is.
The universe is a lot more complicated than you think.
3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than
Jack is no more frightened than Mike is.
Jack is not more frightened than Mike is. 不像馬克那么害怕
Tom is no more rich than Black
3) the more…the more
The farther north you go, the severer the winter is.
The more I see of him, the less I like him.