PartⅠ Writing
(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic"A High Diploma and a Good Job". You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 有人認(rèn)為高學(xué)歷必然能得到好工作；
2. 有人認(rèn)為高學(xué)歷未必能得到好工作；
3. 你的看法。
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension ( Skimming and Scanning )
(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage；.
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage；
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
What's the Fastest Way to Board a Plane?
A free-for-all, like Southwest Airlines? Boarding by window, middle seat or aisle, like United Airlines? Or by zone, like AirTran Airways?
If you answered "none of the above," you're probably right. Fermilab's Jason Steffen recently published a research paper in the Journal of Air Transport Management that concluded loading smaller groups of passengers in every other row could accelerate the process by up to 10 times.
And if you said, "who cares?" - well, I am with you on that, too.
You'd assume airlines would just want to get us on the plane as quickly as possible. But nothing could be further from the truth. Generally speaking, airline boarding procedures are as short on logic as they are long.
For example, United Airlines' elite customers are allowed to board first from a red carpet, "While the rest of us poor guys stand next to them on the black airport carpet," says Lee Paulson, a manager for a nonprofit organization in Washington. "It's elitist snobbery." Besides, it's also inefficient.
I don't mean to pick on United Airlines, so in the interest of fairness, let me also pick on Delta Airlines. Its Breezeway (有頂過(guò)道) - a dedicated entrance at each gate that allows elite passengers priority boarding anytime - is equally flawed, to hear passengers talk about it. "It's a joke," says Marge Purnell, who works for an employment services provider in Moline, Illinois. "And the announcements they make during boarding are even more ridiculous. This is just my opinion."
You don't have to be an overpaid airline analyst to know that the airline industry would prefer that passengers feel good about the boarding process than for it to actually work better.
I mean, come on. Do you really think allowing an elite passenger to board at any time is going to speed up the boarding process? Wait, and let me back up a minute. Can anyone tell me why these high-status frequent fliers need to be on the plane first, to begin with? Do they really have to sit there in their oversize leather seats and sip champagne while the rest of us shuffle slowly to the back of the plane?
I'm not hopeful that anything I write will change the way in which these chronically unprofitable companies operate. But maybe I can change the way you do, to help you get on the plane faster. Here are five secrets for boarding a plane quickly.
Pack Tight and Light
No doubt you've heard that almost every airline now charges extra for a second checked bag. You might be tempted to cram more into your carry-on, but you're better off resisting that temptation. I recently made the mistake of bringing a large bag on board and ended up having to gate-check it under less than desirable circumstances. The fact is that the lighter your load, the faster you'll board. And, the passengers standing in line behind you will be able to board faster, too.
Be First in Line
Even if you're assigned a seat in the last zone to board, you should make every effort to be the first member of your group. Why? Because early boarders are rewarded with more generous overhead compartment space, access to pillows and blankets and can stake out armrest space (oh, please don't get me started on the armrest wars). Latecomers, on the other hand, are disadvantaged in many ways. There may not be enough room for their carry-on bags. Pillows and blankets are usually gone as well. The smartest air travelers stand in the boarding area at least one zone before they're called. As that zone winds down, they move in closer, anticipating their number will be next. And they're at the gate before it's their turn.
Don't Hold up the Flight
"Nothing's worse than moving aimlessly down that seemingly empty jetway, only to be brought up short by a logjam (混雜) of 50 people and have to stand around, waiting for people to finish stuffing their oversized carry-on in the overhead compartment," says Kathryn Morrical, who works for a software company in Silver Spring, Maryland. How true. You may get to your seat with time to spare, but there are no extra points for winning that race. It's only when everyone else is seated that the plane can be cleared for takeoff. How do you avoid the jam? Arrange your luggage quickly and get out of the aisle immediately so that others can pass you.
Mind Your Manners
For example, don't put your luggage in the bin above someone else's seat. That's an old trick used by in-the-know passengers on back-to-front boarding airlines. (If you store your bag in the front of the plane, you're guaranteed a spot for your luggage.) In my experience, most of the quarrels between passengers and crewmembers involve luggage disputes during boarding. Debra O'Bryan, a medical claims auditor from Chicago, suggests a little courtesy might cause fewer delays. O'Bryan often travels with a cane, and is "knocked into, shoved and bypassed rudely" by elite flyers when she tries to board first. "They are so rude,"she adds. If they backed off a little, the boarding process might become more orderly - if not faster.
Better yet, Bring Nothing (or Close to It)
Why travel light when you can travel luggage-free? Is it impossible? No. Today's laptop computers fit in manila (馬尼拉紙) envelopes. Smart travelers ship their luggage directly to their destination. And how quickly we forget the liquid scare from a few summers ago, when carry-ons were banned. "It was absolutely proven that carry-on luggage is the single biggest inhibitor of efficient boarding," remembers Robert Wing, a software consultant from Penfield, New York. "The planes, both large and small, that I was on during that period, boarded in literally half the normal time." I've thought of the elimination of carry-on luggage in the past but Wing doesn't think an extended ban on carry-ons has a prayer. And I agree with him. Still, you can downsize your carry-ons so that you don't slow down the process.
Boarding the plane faster is not difficult. Just downsize your luggage, don't be the last person in line, be considerate of other passengers, and you'll overcome the inefficient ways in which airlines insist on boarding their flights.
And make no mistakes. Ultimately it's up to the airlines to find a boarding system that works instead of making excuses for the schedules they can't keep or making a select few passengers feel special.
Brian Cohen, a senior information technology specialist based in Costa Mesa, California, says airlines need to reform their boarding procedures by strictly controlling which group boards the plane, practicing better crowd control, enforcing carry-on limits and, at least pretending they care. He told me he's tired of indifferent gate agents that allow chaos in the boarding area, and understands they think it is acceptable behavior because they're 'underpaid and mistreated.' "But as long as they continue to cash their paychecks," he adds, "I will never accept that as an excuse for not doing their jobs."
1. Airlines want to get passengers on the plane in the shortest possible time.
2. At the United Airlines, customers of different social status board the airplane at the same time, which is inefficient.
3. The majority of American airline companies treat passengers differently based on their social status.
4. It seems that the writer is not in favor of the practice that some airlines employ for in boarding their passengers.
5. The tighter and lighter you pack, the faster you and the passengers in front of you will be able to board.
6. In order not to delay the flight, you should put your baggage in place quickly and make room for other passengers to walk through.
7. Because the less luggage passengers take with them, the faster they will board planes, in the future more passengers will take no luggage with them.
8. Fermilab's Jason Steffen recently published a research paper that concluded loading smaller groups of passengers in every other row could speed up _____________.
9. Latecomers are at a disadvantage because they might not be able to find enough space for _____________.
10. Brian Cohen said he was fed up with the attitude of gate agents who allowed mess in the boarding area simply because they thought they were _____________.
Part III
Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
The torch is a tradition carried over from ancient Greece, when fire was admired as a gift from the god Prometheus. Greeks would hold relay races, passing a torch between 11 and light a cauldron (大鍋) during their games as a 12 of purity, reason and peace.
The flame was reintroduced to the Olympics at the 1928 Amsterdam Games， but the first modern torch relay was at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, when a flame was lit in Olympia, Greece, and 13 to the opening ceremony in Germany. Since the 1964 Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria, every Olympics has begun with a torch relay from Greece to the 14 ceremony.
Each torch must be 15 of withstanding wind, rain, sleet, snow and extremes of climate. It must carry enough fuel to last its leg of the journey but be 16 enough for each runner to carry 17 .
Although the design of the torch 18 from year to year, the overall modern look was created by a Disney artist, John Hench, who created the torch for the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California.
Between 10,000 and 15,000 torches are made to carry the flame for each relay.
Though the original flame for any Olympic relay is still lit by the sun, modern torches are 19 by pressurized liquid fuel. Earlier torches burned a variety of materials, including olive oil and gunpowder. At the 1956 games，a mixture of magnesium (鎂) and aluminum (鋁) used to light the final torch 20 burning chunks that fell and burned the runner's arm.
A) varies I) opening
B) frighteningly J) frequently
C) able K) carried
D) athletes L) capable
E) comfortably M) powered
F) thick N) light
G) produced O) sacrifice
H) symbol
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The magnitude 7.9 quake struck Sichuan province on May 12 at around noontime, which may have increased the human death toll because many people were at school, and the school buildings turned out to be especially vulnerable to collapse because of poor construction. More than 69,000 people have been confirmed dead so far, and more than 374,000 injured, with fears of further casualties because several lakes created by rockfall dams may give way and cause sudden flooding.
Clark Burchfiel, Schlumberger Professor of Geology, and Leigh Royden, professor of geology and geophysics in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT, have been doing extensive research in that region of China and the Tibetan plateau for more than two decades, but had found no hints that suggested such a large earthquake might strike the area.
The team operated an array of 25 broadband seismograph (地震儀) stations in this region of western Sichuan for more than a year. "Nobody was thinking there would be a major earthquake in that area," Royden says. "This earthquake was quite unusual, and may have involved a simultaneously severe break of two separate but neighboring faults (斷層),"she continued.
The region is extremely unusual geologically, Royden says, because of the very steep slopes at the boundary between the Sichuan Basin to the east and the Tibetan plateau to the west. The elevation rises sharply by about 3,500 meters (more than two miles) over a span of only about 50 kilometers (about 30 miles).
The area where the quake occurred is part of the boundary between two of the Earth's structural plates, where the Indian and Asian plates meet in an ongoing collision that has created the Himalayan mountains and the Tibetan plateau. But in central and eastern Tibet, unlike most other areas of continental collision, much of the movement of crust is hidden from view. Instead of thickening the entire crust by folding and faulting, the surface of the eastern Tibetan plateau is not deformed and is being lifted upward by thickening of a weak crustal layer more than 15 km below the surface.
21. Why did the school buildings collapse in the earthquake, according to the passage?
A) They were crowded with students and teachers.
B) They were poorly built.
C) They had too long a history.
D) They were damaged by the earthquake.
22. Based on Para. 1, why does the writer think that more people will be killed or injured after the earthquake?
A) Because there will be more aftershocks after the major quake.
B) Because more school buildings will collapse after the quake.
C) Because destructive flooding caused by rockfall dams is likely to occur..
D) Because there was not enough medical care for the injured in the area.
23. What can we infer from this passage?
A) There was no prediction that such a large-scale quake might occur there.
B) Researchers had done little research in that area before the earthquake struck it.
C) The 5.12 earthquake was the most destructive in the world.
D) If more research had been done, the destruction could have been avoided.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?
A) Earthquakes can never be predicted.
B) Earthquakes occur frequently.
C) Earthquakes are difficult to predict.
D) Earthquakes can be avoided.
25. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A) The 5.12 earthquake caused great causalities.
B) The 5.12 earthquake was very frightening.
C) The causes of the earthquake are still unclear.
D) The 5.12 earthquake was extremely unusual.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
The International Olympic Committee named a shortlist of five cities as possible hosts for the 2012 Olympics.
The five - London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris - became official candidates, beginning a 14-month race that ended with the selection of a winning bid by the IOC's assembly in Singapore in July 2005.
Havana, Leipzig, Rio de Janeiro and Istanbul were the victims in 2004, as the field was cut down from nine applicants.
Geography would appear to favor a European city after the 2008 Summer Games in Asia - Beijing - and the 2010 Winter Games in North America - Vancouver.
IOC president Jacques Rogge said the list could be further cut in the next month if any of the bidding cities fall short of IOC expectations.
"What we have done today is retained five cities which we believe will deliver, but we will have to check if they do deliver," said Rogge. "I do not like the word 'rejection' and this in no way reflects that we do not trust these countries."
The nine original contenders launched their bids in January, 2004 with the emphasis on compact and easily accessible venues.
Favorites Paris and London promoted the attractions of their landmarks, Madrid promised an environmentally friendly Games while New York called itself the "world city".
Paris bid organizers said they would stage beach volleyball at the foot of the Eiffel Tower and host many of the events at two clusters on the edge of the French capital.
"Our experience with previous bids has taught us a great deal about the needs and aspirations of the IOC," Paris bid chief Philippe Baudillon said. "We firmly believe that Paris will meet those needs."
London organizers countered it by promising to hold the beach volleyball competition in Horse Guards Parade.
Seventeen sports, including athletics and swimming, would be staged at a new venue in the city's deprived East End.
"I am very pleased that London has been named a candidate city for the 2012 Olympic Games. But I am not surprised we have cleared this most important hurdle," British Prime Minister Tony Blair said in a statement.
26. Why is it likely that the 2012 Olympics will be held in a European city?
A) Because it's impossible for two successive Olympics to be held on the same continent.
B) Because the 2008 Summer and Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing and Vancouver respectively.
C) Because geographically speaking, it's time to hold the 2012 Games in a non-Asian and non-American country.
D) European cities turn out to be more suitable to host the 2012 Games.
27. The sentence "what we have done today is retained five cities which we believe will deliver" in Para. 6 can be best paraphrased as ________.
A) what we have done today is chosen five cities which we believe can live up to our expectations.
B) what we have done today is cut five cities which we believe will fail.
C) what we have done today is picked five cities which we believe will make a good speech.
D) what we have done today is picked five cities which we believe will produce enough goods.
28. How has Paris benefited from previous bids for the Olympic Games, according to this passage?
A) They have learned what efforts they should make in the future.
B) They have learned a lot about the needs and expectations of the IOC.
C) They have learned how to host a successful Olympic Games.
D) They have learned why they failed in the past.
29. How did British Prime Minister Tony Blair feel about being named a candidate city for the next Olympic Games?
A) Happy and surprised.
B) Disappointed but hopeful.
C) Excited and impatient.
D) Happy and unsurprised.
30. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A) The advantages of the five cities.
B) The next Olympic Games.
C) Five cities in race for 2012 Games.
D) The 2010 Winter Olympics.
Part IV Cloze
(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.
From the war room to the board room, negotiations are a part of everyday life. Successful negotiations demand a clear 31 of one's opponent. But what 32 should one take to achieve such an understanding in everyday negotiations?
Psychologist Adam Galinsky and colleagues William Maddux, Debra Gilin, and Judith White asked a 33 question and found that success in negotiations 34 on focusing on the head and not the 35 . In other words, it is better to understand the perspective of negotiation opponents 36 sympathize with them.
Perspective-taking, according to the study published in the April 2008 issue of Psychological Science, 37 understanding and anticipating an opponent's interests, thoughts, and 38 behaviors, whereas empathy (同情) focuses mostly on sympathy and compassion for another.
"Perspective takers are able to step outside the limits of their own immediate, biased frames of preference," wrote the authors. "Empathy, 39 , leads individuals to violate norms of equity and equality and to provide preferential treatments."
The researchers 40 a total of three studies designed to assess the relationship between successful negotiations and perspective-taking and empathy tendencies. In two of them, the participants negotiated the sale of a gas station 41 a deal based solely on price was impossible: the seller's 42 price was higher than the buyer's limit. However, both parties' basic interests were compatible (相容的), and so creative deals were possible. In the first study, those 43 who scored highly on the perspective-taking part of a personality test were more likely to successfully 44 a deal. In contrast, higher scores on empathy led the two parties to be 45 at reaching a creative deal.
In the second study involving the same gas station negotiation, participants were 46 into three groups: the perspective-taking group, who were told to imagine 47 the other person was thinking; the empathy group, who were told to imagine what the other person was 48 ; and a control group. The psychologists discovered that perspective-takers secured the most agreements and increased the satisfaction of their opponents 49 the control condition. Although empathizers produced the highest level of opponent satisfaction, they were less successful than perspective-takers at reaching a deal and 50 failed to create long-term value for themselves and their opponent.
31. A) knowledge B) understanding C) awareness D) alertness
32. A) suggestion B) way C) approach D) proposal
33. A) same B) similar C) alike D) like
34. A) relies B) decides C) lies D) depends
35. A) mind B) reason C) emotion D) heart
36. A) other than B) more than C) rather than D) better than
37. A) involves B) devolves C) evolves D) revolves
38. A) probably B) likely C) perhaps D) possibly
39. A) therefore B) thus C) although D) however
40. A) reformed B) performed C) confirmed D) conformed
41. A) where B) which C) why D) what
42. A) requiring B) requesting C) demanding D) asking
43. A) opponents B) participants C) competitors D) members
44. A) arrive at B) lead to C) get to D) arrive in
45. A) more successful B) more failing C) less successful D) less failing
46. A) separated B) cut C) sorted D) fallen
47. A) that B) whether C) which D) what
48. A) saying B) considering C) feeling D) looking
49. A) comparing to B) compared to C) compared in D) comparing with
50. A) so B) finally C) that D) thus
Part V
Translation
(5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
51. Please hurry up because _______ (到我們上課的時(shí)間了).
52. I saw her and smiled at her, but ______ (她沒(méi)有理會(huì)我) and walked straight on.
53. ______ (考慮到他是一個(gè)很有責(zé)任心的人), he couldn't have done that foolish thing.
54. For a time, it looked _______ (好像他們會(huì)成功).
55. _____ (他剛一出門(mén)) than he heard the phone ring.
答案：
Part I Writing
One possible version:
A High Diploma and a Good Job
Nowadays, a vast majority of people are inclined to believe that if a person has a higher education diploma, he will surely have a promising career. That is why so many university students are working so hard to become master or doctor candidates. Every day they spend their time acquiring as much knowledge as possible. In addition, we see many parents urging their children to go to various guidance classes in order to be successful in the fierce competition. Only if you have a good education can you stand out among so many job applicants and be picked out by your potential employer, thus starting the path to a promising career.
There are also many others who don't agree. They think that a person with a high diploma won't necessarily get a good job. In their opinion, what really counts is one's ability. What our society needs the most are highly capable people. They point out that there exist in all walks of life a large number of people with good scores but low abilities.
In my opinion, both sides are partly right. We shouldn't pay too much attention to either diploma or ability. Taking all factors into consideration, we can safely draw the conclusion that our society needs citizens who are both well-educated and highly capable.
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension
(Skimming and Scanning )
1. N。參見(jiàn)第四段中"You'd assume airlines would just want to get us on the plane as quickly as possible. But nothing could be further from the truth."可知，此處講你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為航空公司只是想讓我們盡快登機(jī)，而事實(shí)并非如此。
2. N。參見(jiàn)第五段可知，此處講Lee Paulson，一個(gè)華盛頓非贏利組織的經(jīng)理說(shuō)到，聯(lián)合航空公司對(duì)于精英顧客和沒(méi)錢(qián)的顧客區(qū)別對(duì)待，精英顧客從紅地毯先登機(jī)，而其他的較為貧窮的顧客站在旁邊的黑地毯上。這是精英人士的勢(shì)利行為，而且這樣登機(jī)效率也不高。
3. NG。參見(jiàn)第六段可知除了聯(lián)合航空公司，Delta航空公司也對(duì)精英乘客的登機(jī)時(shí)間給予特殊優(yōu)待，說(shuō)明這種現(xiàn)象并不少見(jiàn)，但不能據(jù)此就推斷出絕大多數(shù)的美國(guó)航空公司都這樣。
4. Y。參見(jiàn)第八段作者提出來(lái)的幾點(diǎn)質(zhì)疑及第九段中 "I'm not hopeful that anything I write will change the way in which these chronically unprofitable companies operate."可知，此處講作者并不是希望他所寫(xiě)的東西能改變這些長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)不贏利的公司的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)模式。結(jié)合兩個(gè)段落可知作者不贊成一些航空公司在讓乘客登機(jī)時(shí)區(qū)別對(duì)待乘客的做法。
5. N。本題定位在小標(biāo)題 "Pack tight and light"下的段落，參見(jiàn)第十段中"The fact is that the lighter your load, the faster you'll board. And, the faster the passengers standing in line behind you will be able to board faster, too."可知，此處講你裝的行李越輕，你登機(jī)就越快，而且排隊(duì)在你后面的人也能登機(jī)越快，很顯然你的行李裝的怎樣只對(duì)排在你后面的乘客有影響，而不會(huì)影響你前面的乘客。
6. Y。本題定位在小標(biāo)題"Don't hold up the flight"下的段落，參見(jiàn)第十二段中"How do you avoid the jam? Arrange your luggage quickly and get out of the aisle immediately so that others can pass you." 可知，此處講應(yīng)該怎樣避免飛機(jī)上擁擠呢？你應(yīng)該快速地把行李放好，然后立即讓出走道，這樣其他乘客才能從你身邊快速過(guò)去。
7. NG。本題定位在小標(biāo)題"Better yet, bring nothing (or close to it)"下的段落，參見(jiàn)第十四段可知，如果我們帶的隨身行李少，我們登機(jī)的速度會(huì)更快，但不見(jiàn)得將來(lái)會(huì)有更多乘客不攜帶隨身行李。
8. the process by up to 10 times。參見(jiàn)第二段中 "Fermilab's Jason Steffen recently published a research paper in the Journal of Air Transport Management that concluded loading smaller groups of passengers in every other row could accelerate the process by up to 10 times."可知，此處講費(fèi)而米實(shí)驗(yàn)室的Jason Steffen近在《航空運(yùn)輸管理》雜志上發(fā)表了一篇研究論文，該論文的結(jié)論是在飛機(jī)上每隔一排少坐一些乘客會(huì)使登機(jī)的速度比以前快10倍。
9. their carry-on bags。 本題定位在小標(biāo)題"Be first in line"下的段落，參見(jiàn)第十一段中"Latecomers, on the other hand, are disadvantaged in many ways. There may not be enough room for their carry-on bags."可知，此處講另一方面，對(duì)于晚到的乘客來(lái)說(shuō)，很多方面對(duì)他們不利，如他們的隨身行李可能沒(méi)有足夠的空間擺放。
10. "underpaid and mistreated"。參見(jiàn)文章的倒數(shù)第二段中"He told me he's tired of indifferent gate agents that allow chaos in the boarding area, and understands they think it is acceptable behavior because they're'underpaid and mistreated.'"可知，此處講他告訴我他厭倦了那些無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的登機(jī)口工作人員的做法，他們對(duì)登機(jī)區(qū)亂糟糟的局面不管不問(wèn)，而且他了解到這些人接受此類(lèi)做法是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為自己薪水低且受到了不公正的待遇。
Part III
Reading Comprehension
(Reading in Depth)
Section A
11. D)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講希臘人舉行接力賽時(shí)在運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間傳遞火炬。故選D)。
12. H)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講火炬在運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間傳遞后點(diǎn)燃大鍋爐，這是純潔、理智和和平的象征。故選H)。
13. K)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講第現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)火炬?zhèn)鬟f是在1936年的柏林夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，當(dāng)時(shí)的火炬是在希臘的奧林匹亞點(diǎn)燃的，然后被傳遞到德國(guó)的奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式。故選K)。
14. I)。此處需要一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)的分詞或形容詞。此處考查固定短語(yǔ)"the opening ceremony"意為“開(kāi)幕式”。此處講自從1964年在奧地利的Innsbruck舉行的冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)始，每的奧運(yùn)會(huì)都以從希臘到開(kāi)幕式的火炬?zhèn)鬟f開(kāi)始。故選I)。
15. L)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處考查固定短語(yǔ)"be capable of"意為“能夠……”，此處講每個(gè)火炬都必須能夠經(jīng)受住風(fēng)、冰雹、雪和極端的氣候條件。故選L)。
16. N)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講火炬必須有足夠的燃料才能支撐跑完全程，并且要夠輕巧運(yùn)動(dòng)員舉得才舒服。故選N)。
17. E)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。此處講火炬必須有足夠的燃料才能支撐跑完全程，并且要夠輕巧才能使火炬?zhèn)鬟f者舉起來(lái)舒適。故選E)。
18. A)。 此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處考查固定短語(yǔ)“vary from … to …”意為“隨……的不同而不同”，此處講雖然火炬的設(shè)計(jì)每年有所不同，其現(xiàn)代化的外觀是由迪斯尼藝術(shù)家John Hench設(shè)計(jì)的。故選A)。
19. M)。此處需要一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。此處講雖然初的奧林匹克火炬是靠太陽(yáng)光點(diǎn)燃的，但是現(xiàn)代火炬卻是以加壓的液體燃料為動(dòng)力的。故選M)。
20. G)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講在1956年的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，鎂和鋁的混合物被用來(lái)點(diǎn)燃了火炬，燃燒后產(chǎn)生了大塊的殘留物，殘留物落下燒傷了運(yùn)動(dòng)員的胳膊。故選G)。
Section B
Passage One
21. B)。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。參見(jiàn)文章第一段中 “… and the school buildings turned out to be especially vulnerable to collapse because of poor construction.”可知，此處講因?yàn)榻ㄖ|(zhì)量差學(xué)校的房子尤其容易倒塌。故選B)。A)只是死亡人數(shù)可能增加的原因。
22. C)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。參見(jiàn)第一段中"More than 69,000 people have been confirmed dead so far, and more than 374,000 injured, with fears of further casualties because several lakes created by rockfall dams may give way and cause sudden flooding."可知，此處講迄今已經(jīng)證實(shí)有69,000人喪生，超過(guò)374,000人受傷，人們都擔(dān)心因?yàn)閹讉€(gè)湖決口造成洪災(zāi)，死傷人數(shù)還會(huì)增加。故選C)。
23. A)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。參見(jiàn)第二段中“… have been doing extensive research in that region of China and the Tibetan plateau for more than two decades, but had found no hints that suggested such a large earthquake might strike the area.”可知，此處講專(zhuān)家20多年以來(lái)一直對(duì)四川和青藏高原地帶進(jìn)行廣泛的研究，但是沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何關(guān)于大地震會(huì)襲擊這一地區(qū)的跡象。故選A)
24. C)。推斷題。參見(jiàn)第二、四、五段可知地震是很難預(yù)測(cè)的，但并不是不能預(yù)測(cè)的，故選C)。地震發(fā)生頻繁是客觀事實(shí)，但是這篇文章無(wú)法推出這一點(diǎn)。
25. D)。主旨題?？v觀全文可以看出第一段引出5.12地震之后，后面的段落都是在談此次地震如何地不同尋常，沒(méi)有跡象表明會(huì)在該地帶發(fā)生地震等。且文章中unusual一詞出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，說(shuō)明了文章的主旨是這次地震的不同尋常，故選D)。前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都太片面，不能全面地概括這篇文章的大意。
Passage Two
26. C)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。參見(jiàn)第四段中 "Geography would appear to favor a European city after the 2008 Summer Games in Asia - Beijing - and the 2010 Winter Games in North America - Vancouver."可知，此處講從地理的角度來(lái)講，歐洲城市的可能性較大因?yàn)?008年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)在亞洲的北京舉行，2010年的冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)在北美洲的溫哥華舉行。故選C)。
27. A)。詞義理解題。根據(jù)上文"IOC president Jacques Rogge said the list could be further cut in the next month if any of the bidding cities fell short of IOC expectations."可知，此處講國(guó)際奧委會(huì)主席雅克·羅格說(shuō)到如果申辦城市不能滿(mǎn)足國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的要求的話(huà)，名單還有可能在下個(gè)月進(jìn)一步削減，可以推斷本句的意思是我們今天所做的是保留(即選出)了五個(gè)我們認(rèn)為可以滿(mǎn)足我們要求的城市。
28. B)。細(xì)節(jié)題。參見(jiàn)第十段 “'Our experience with previous bids has taught us a great deal about the needs and aspirations of the IOC,' Paris bid chief Philippe Baudillon said…”可知，此處講法國(guó)申辦主席Philippe Baudillon提到我們以前申辦的經(jīng)歷使我們懂得了很多國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的需要和期望。故選B)。
29. D)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。參見(jiàn)后一段 "'I am very pleased that London has been named a candidate city for the 2012 Olympic Games. But I am not surprised we have cleared this most important hurdle,' British Prime Minister Tony Blair said in a statement."可知，此處講英國(guó)首相托尼·布萊爾在聲明中說(shuō)到倫敦被提名為2012年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的候選城市，我感到非常高興，但我們能清除這一大障礙我并不感到驚奇，所以布萊爾感到高興且不驚訝。故選D)。
30. C)。主旨題。通讀全文可知本文是關(guān)于五個(gè)城市角逐2012年奧運(yùn)主辦權(quán)的問(wèn)題。
Part IV Cloze
31. B)。此處考查名詞。此處講成功的談判需要清楚地了解自己的對(duì)手。故選B)。
32. C)。此處考查名詞。此處講我們應(yīng)該采取什么方法才能在日常交流中獲得這種認(rèn)識(shí)呢？故選C)。
33. B)。此處考查形容詞。此處講心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)和他的同事威廉及朱迪思提出了相似的問(wèn)題。same前用定冠詞the，而alike 和like 當(dāng) “象……” 講時(shí)不作定語(yǔ)。故選B)。
34. D)。此處考查詞組搭配。此處講心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)和他的同事威廉及朱迪思發(fā)現(xiàn)了談判的成功取決于把精力集中在 (head) 理智上而不是 (heart) 情感上。“取決于”是"depend on"。故選 D)。
35. D)。此處考查名詞。此處講心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)和他的同事威廉及朱迪思發(fā)現(xiàn)了談判的成功取決于把精力集中在 (head) 理智上而不是 (heart) 情感上。head 和heart 形成一對(duì)頭韻詞，而reason和emotion相對(duì)。故選 D)。
36. C)。此處考查介詞的用法。此處講更好的做法是我們能從談判對(duì)手的角度去看問(wèn)題而不是同情他們。故選C)。
37. A)。此處考查動(dòng)詞形近詞辨析。此處講根據(jù)《心理科學(xué)》2008年4月發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究，從對(duì)手的角度看問(wèn)題包括對(duì)對(duì)手的興趣、想法和行為能做到理解和預(yù)見(jiàn)。A) 意為“涉及到”，B) 意為“移交、轉(zhuǎn)交”，C) 意為“發(fā)展、演化”，D) 意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)、考慮”。故選A)。
38. B)。此處考查形容詞。A)，C)和D)都只能用作副詞，作狀語(yǔ)。只有B)既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞，此處講從對(duì)手的角度看問(wèn)題包括理解和預(yù)見(jiàn)對(duì)手的興趣、想法和可能的行為。故選B)。
39. D)。此處考查副詞。通過(guò)讀上句可知這里在進(jìn)行前后對(duì)比，此處講同情會(huì)使人違反公平和平等的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，給對(duì)手優(yōu)惠的待遇。故選D)。
40. B)。此處考查動(dòng)詞形近詞辨析。"perform studies"為常用短語(yǔ)，意為“進(jìn)行研究”，此處講研究人員一共進(jìn)行了三次研究，這些研究的目的是評(píng)估成功的談判和從對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)看待問(wèn)題以及同情傾向三者之間的關(guān)系。故選B)。
41. A)。此處考查關(guān)系詞。此處講談判者就一筆加油站的買(mǎi)賣(mài)進(jìn)行協(xié)商，而在交易的達(dá)成中 價(jià)格不是決定成敗的因素，該句中要填的詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。故選A)。
42. D)。此處考查動(dòng)名詞。"asking price"為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“索價(jià)，要價(jià)”，此處講賣(mài)主的要價(jià)高出了買(mǎi)主能承受的限度。故選D)。
43. B)。此處考查名詞。此處講在第一項(xiàng)研究中，那些在個(gè)性測(cè)試中從對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)看問(wèn)題部分得分較高的參與者更有可能成功地達(dá)成交易。故選B)。
44. A)。此處考查動(dòng)詞?！斑_(dá)成交易”是"arrive at / reach a deal"。故選A)。
45. C)。此處考查比較級(jí)。根據(jù)過(guò)渡詞組"in contrast"，可知此處是對(duì)“同情談判”弊端的闡述，此處講的是相反，在同情因素方面得高分使雙方不容易成功地達(dá)成創(chuàng)新性的交易。故選C)。
46. A)。此處考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處講在第二個(gè)涉及到同一加油站談判的研究中，談判參與者被分成三類(lèi)。"be cut into"，意為 “被切成”；"fall into"，主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，意為“被分成”。故選A)。
47. D)。此處考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處講從對(duì)方角度看問(wèn)題的那組人被告知去想象對(duì)方在想什么，賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。故選D)。
48. C)。此處考查動(dòng)詞。此處講抱有同情心的人被告知去想象對(duì)方的感覺(jué)，對(duì)方說(shuō)什么是不用去想象的，對(duì)方在考慮什么和上句重復(fù)。故選C)。
49. B)。此處考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)。此處講心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)和在設(shè)定的條件下相比，從對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)看問(wèn)題的人達(dá)成了多的協(xié)議，增加了對(duì)方的滿(mǎn)意度。本題也可用 "compared with"而不是"comparing with"。故選B)。
50. D)。此處考查副詞。此處講雖然同情者得到了高的對(duì)手滿(mǎn)度，他們?cè)谶_(dá)成協(xié)議方面不如從對(duì)方角度看問(wèn)題的人做得成功，因而他們沒(méi)能為自己和對(duì)手創(chuàng)造出長(zhǎng)期的價(jià)值。故選D)
(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic"A High Diploma and a Good Job". You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 有人認(rèn)為高學(xué)歷必然能得到好工作；
2. 有人認(rèn)為高學(xué)歷未必能得到好工作；
3. 你的看法。
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension ( Skimming and Scanning )
(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage；.
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage；
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
What's the Fastest Way to Board a Plane?
A free-for-all, like Southwest Airlines? Boarding by window, middle seat or aisle, like United Airlines? Or by zone, like AirTran Airways?
If you answered "none of the above," you're probably right. Fermilab's Jason Steffen recently published a research paper in the Journal of Air Transport Management that concluded loading smaller groups of passengers in every other row could accelerate the process by up to 10 times.
And if you said, "who cares?" - well, I am with you on that, too.
You'd assume airlines would just want to get us on the plane as quickly as possible. But nothing could be further from the truth. Generally speaking, airline boarding procedures are as short on logic as they are long.
For example, United Airlines' elite customers are allowed to board first from a red carpet, "While the rest of us poor guys stand next to them on the black airport carpet," says Lee Paulson, a manager for a nonprofit organization in Washington. "It's elitist snobbery." Besides, it's also inefficient.
I don't mean to pick on United Airlines, so in the interest of fairness, let me also pick on Delta Airlines. Its Breezeway (有頂過(guò)道) - a dedicated entrance at each gate that allows elite passengers priority boarding anytime - is equally flawed, to hear passengers talk about it. "It's a joke," says Marge Purnell, who works for an employment services provider in Moline, Illinois. "And the announcements they make during boarding are even more ridiculous. This is just my opinion."
You don't have to be an overpaid airline analyst to know that the airline industry would prefer that passengers feel good about the boarding process than for it to actually work better.
I mean, come on. Do you really think allowing an elite passenger to board at any time is going to speed up the boarding process? Wait, and let me back up a minute. Can anyone tell me why these high-status frequent fliers need to be on the plane first, to begin with? Do they really have to sit there in their oversize leather seats and sip champagne while the rest of us shuffle slowly to the back of the plane?
I'm not hopeful that anything I write will change the way in which these chronically unprofitable companies operate. But maybe I can change the way you do, to help you get on the plane faster. Here are five secrets for boarding a plane quickly.
Pack Tight and Light
No doubt you've heard that almost every airline now charges extra for a second checked bag. You might be tempted to cram more into your carry-on, but you're better off resisting that temptation. I recently made the mistake of bringing a large bag on board and ended up having to gate-check it under less than desirable circumstances. The fact is that the lighter your load, the faster you'll board. And, the passengers standing in line behind you will be able to board faster, too.
Be First in Line
Even if you're assigned a seat in the last zone to board, you should make every effort to be the first member of your group. Why? Because early boarders are rewarded with more generous overhead compartment space, access to pillows and blankets and can stake out armrest space (oh, please don't get me started on the armrest wars). Latecomers, on the other hand, are disadvantaged in many ways. There may not be enough room for their carry-on bags. Pillows and blankets are usually gone as well. The smartest air travelers stand in the boarding area at least one zone before they're called. As that zone winds down, they move in closer, anticipating their number will be next. And they're at the gate before it's their turn.
Don't Hold up the Flight
"Nothing's worse than moving aimlessly down that seemingly empty jetway, only to be brought up short by a logjam (混雜) of 50 people and have to stand around, waiting for people to finish stuffing their oversized carry-on in the overhead compartment," says Kathryn Morrical, who works for a software company in Silver Spring, Maryland. How true. You may get to your seat with time to spare, but there are no extra points for winning that race. It's only when everyone else is seated that the plane can be cleared for takeoff. How do you avoid the jam? Arrange your luggage quickly and get out of the aisle immediately so that others can pass you.
Mind Your Manners
For example, don't put your luggage in the bin above someone else's seat. That's an old trick used by in-the-know passengers on back-to-front boarding airlines. (If you store your bag in the front of the plane, you're guaranteed a spot for your luggage.) In my experience, most of the quarrels between passengers and crewmembers involve luggage disputes during boarding. Debra O'Bryan, a medical claims auditor from Chicago, suggests a little courtesy might cause fewer delays. O'Bryan often travels with a cane, and is "knocked into, shoved and bypassed rudely" by elite flyers when she tries to board first. "They are so rude,"she adds. If they backed off a little, the boarding process might become more orderly - if not faster.
Better yet, Bring Nothing (or Close to It)
Why travel light when you can travel luggage-free? Is it impossible? No. Today's laptop computers fit in manila (馬尼拉紙) envelopes. Smart travelers ship their luggage directly to their destination. And how quickly we forget the liquid scare from a few summers ago, when carry-ons were banned. "It was absolutely proven that carry-on luggage is the single biggest inhibitor of efficient boarding," remembers Robert Wing, a software consultant from Penfield, New York. "The planes, both large and small, that I was on during that period, boarded in literally half the normal time." I've thought of the elimination of carry-on luggage in the past but Wing doesn't think an extended ban on carry-ons has a prayer. And I agree with him. Still, you can downsize your carry-ons so that you don't slow down the process.
Boarding the plane faster is not difficult. Just downsize your luggage, don't be the last person in line, be considerate of other passengers, and you'll overcome the inefficient ways in which airlines insist on boarding their flights.
And make no mistakes. Ultimately it's up to the airlines to find a boarding system that works instead of making excuses for the schedules they can't keep or making a select few passengers feel special.
Brian Cohen, a senior information technology specialist based in Costa Mesa, California, says airlines need to reform their boarding procedures by strictly controlling which group boards the plane, practicing better crowd control, enforcing carry-on limits and, at least pretending they care. He told me he's tired of indifferent gate agents that allow chaos in the boarding area, and understands they think it is acceptable behavior because they're 'underpaid and mistreated.' "But as long as they continue to cash their paychecks," he adds, "I will never accept that as an excuse for not doing their jobs."
1. Airlines want to get passengers on the plane in the shortest possible time.
2. At the United Airlines, customers of different social status board the airplane at the same time, which is inefficient.
3. The majority of American airline companies treat passengers differently based on their social status.
4. It seems that the writer is not in favor of the practice that some airlines employ for in boarding their passengers.
5. The tighter and lighter you pack, the faster you and the passengers in front of you will be able to board.
6. In order not to delay the flight, you should put your baggage in place quickly and make room for other passengers to walk through.
7. Because the less luggage passengers take with them, the faster they will board planes, in the future more passengers will take no luggage with them.
8. Fermilab's Jason Steffen recently published a research paper that concluded loading smaller groups of passengers in every other row could speed up _____________.
9. Latecomers are at a disadvantage because they might not be able to find enough space for _____________.
10. Brian Cohen said he was fed up with the attitude of gate agents who allowed mess in the boarding area simply because they thought they were _____________.
Part III
Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
The torch is a tradition carried over from ancient Greece, when fire was admired as a gift from the god Prometheus. Greeks would hold relay races, passing a torch between 11 and light a cauldron (大鍋) during their games as a 12 of purity, reason and peace.
The flame was reintroduced to the Olympics at the 1928 Amsterdam Games， but the first modern torch relay was at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games, when a flame was lit in Olympia, Greece, and 13 to the opening ceremony in Germany. Since the 1964 Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria, every Olympics has begun with a torch relay from Greece to the 14 ceremony.
Each torch must be 15 of withstanding wind, rain, sleet, snow and extremes of climate. It must carry enough fuel to last its leg of the journey but be 16 enough for each runner to carry 17 .
Although the design of the torch 18 from year to year, the overall modern look was created by a Disney artist, John Hench, who created the torch for the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California.
Between 10,000 and 15,000 torches are made to carry the flame for each relay.
Though the original flame for any Olympic relay is still lit by the sun, modern torches are 19 by pressurized liquid fuel. Earlier torches burned a variety of materials, including olive oil and gunpowder. At the 1956 games，a mixture of magnesium (鎂) and aluminum (鋁) used to light the final torch 20 burning chunks that fell and burned the runner's arm.
A) varies I) opening
B) frighteningly J) frequently
C) able K) carried
D) athletes L) capable
E) comfortably M) powered
F) thick N) light
G) produced O) sacrifice
H) symbol
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The magnitude 7.9 quake struck Sichuan province on May 12 at around noontime, which may have increased the human death toll because many people were at school, and the school buildings turned out to be especially vulnerable to collapse because of poor construction. More than 69,000 people have been confirmed dead so far, and more than 374,000 injured, with fears of further casualties because several lakes created by rockfall dams may give way and cause sudden flooding.
Clark Burchfiel, Schlumberger Professor of Geology, and Leigh Royden, professor of geology and geophysics in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT, have been doing extensive research in that region of China and the Tibetan plateau for more than two decades, but had found no hints that suggested such a large earthquake might strike the area.
The team operated an array of 25 broadband seismograph (地震儀) stations in this region of western Sichuan for more than a year. "Nobody was thinking there would be a major earthquake in that area," Royden says. "This earthquake was quite unusual, and may have involved a simultaneously severe break of two separate but neighboring faults (斷層),"she continued.
The region is extremely unusual geologically, Royden says, because of the very steep slopes at the boundary between the Sichuan Basin to the east and the Tibetan plateau to the west. The elevation rises sharply by about 3,500 meters (more than two miles) over a span of only about 50 kilometers (about 30 miles).
The area where the quake occurred is part of the boundary between two of the Earth's structural plates, where the Indian and Asian plates meet in an ongoing collision that has created the Himalayan mountains and the Tibetan plateau. But in central and eastern Tibet, unlike most other areas of continental collision, much of the movement of crust is hidden from view. Instead of thickening the entire crust by folding and faulting, the surface of the eastern Tibetan plateau is not deformed and is being lifted upward by thickening of a weak crustal layer more than 15 km below the surface.
21. Why did the school buildings collapse in the earthquake, according to the passage?
A) They were crowded with students and teachers.
B) They were poorly built.
C) They had too long a history.
D) They were damaged by the earthquake.
22. Based on Para. 1, why does the writer think that more people will be killed or injured after the earthquake?
A) Because there will be more aftershocks after the major quake.
B) Because more school buildings will collapse after the quake.
C) Because destructive flooding caused by rockfall dams is likely to occur..
D) Because there was not enough medical care for the injured in the area.
23. What can we infer from this passage?
A) There was no prediction that such a large-scale quake might occur there.
B) Researchers had done little research in that area before the earthquake struck it.
C) The 5.12 earthquake was the most destructive in the world.
D) If more research had been done, the destruction could have been avoided.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?
A) Earthquakes can never be predicted.
B) Earthquakes occur frequently.
C) Earthquakes are difficult to predict.
D) Earthquakes can be avoided.
25. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A) The 5.12 earthquake caused great causalities.
B) The 5.12 earthquake was very frightening.
C) The causes of the earthquake are still unclear.
D) The 5.12 earthquake was extremely unusual.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
The International Olympic Committee named a shortlist of five cities as possible hosts for the 2012 Olympics.
The five - London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris - became official candidates, beginning a 14-month race that ended with the selection of a winning bid by the IOC's assembly in Singapore in July 2005.
Havana, Leipzig, Rio de Janeiro and Istanbul were the victims in 2004, as the field was cut down from nine applicants.
Geography would appear to favor a European city after the 2008 Summer Games in Asia - Beijing - and the 2010 Winter Games in North America - Vancouver.
IOC president Jacques Rogge said the list could be further cut in the next month if any of the bidding cities fall short of IOC expectations.
"What we have done today is retained five cities which we believe will deliver, but we will have to check if they do deliver," said Rogge. "I do not like the word 'rejection' and this in no way reflects that we do not trust these countries."
The nine original contenders launched their bids in January, 2004 with the emphasis on compact and easily accessible venues.
Favorites Paris and London promoted the attractions of their landmarks, Madrid promised an environmentally friendly Games while New York called itself the "world city".
Paris bid organizers said they would stage beach volleyball at the foot of the Eiffel Tower and host many of the events at two clusters on the edge of the French capital.
"Our experience with previous bids has taught us a great deal about the needs and aspirations of the IOC," Paris bid chief Philippe Baudillon said. "We firmly believe that Paris will meet those needs."
London organizers countered it by promising to hold the beach volleyball competition in Horse Guards Parade.
Seventeen sports, including athletics and swimming, would be staged at a new venue in the city's deprived East End.
"I am very pleased that London has been named a candidate city for the 2012 Olympic Games. But I am not surprised we have cleared this most important hurdle," British Prime Minister Tony Blair said in a statement.
26. Why is it likely that the 2012 Olympics will be held in a European city?
A) Because it's impossible for two successive Olympics to be held on the same continent.
B) Because the 2008 Summer and Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing and Vancouver respectively.
C) Because geographically speaking, it's time to hold the 2012 Games in a non-Asian and non-American country.
D) European cities turn out to be more suitable to host the 2012 Games.
27. The sentence "what we have done today is retained five cities which we believe will deliver" in Para. 6 can be best paraphrased as ________.
A) what we have done today is chosen five cities which we believe can live up to our expectations.
B) what we have done today is cut five cities which we believe will fail.
C) what we have done today is picked five cities which we believe will make a good speech.
D) what we have done today is picked five cities which we believe will produce enough goods.
28. How has Paris benefited from previous bids for the Olympic Games, according to this passage?
A) They have learned what efforts they should make in the future.
B) They have learned a lot about the needs and expectations of the IOC.
C) They have learned how to host a successful Olympic Games.
D) They have learned why they failed in the past.
29. How did British Prime Minister Tony Blair feel about being named a candidate city for the next Olympic Games?
A) Happy and surprised.
B) Disappointed but hopeful.
C) Excited and impatient.
D) Happy and unsurprised.
30. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A) The advantages of the five cities.
B) The next Olympic Games.
C) Five cities in race for 2012 Games.
D) The 2010 Winter Olympics.
Part IV Cloze
(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.
From the war room to the board room, negotiations are a part of everyday life. Successful negotiations demand a clear 31 of one's opponent. But what 32 should one take to achieve such an understanding in everyday negotiations?
Psychologist Adam Galinsky and colleagues William Maddux, Debra Gilin, and Judith White asked a 33 question and found that success in negotiations 34 on focusing on the head and not the 35 . In other words, it is better to understand the perspective of negotiation opponents 36 sympathize with them.
Perspective-taking, according to the study published in the April 2008 issue of Psychological Science, 37 understanding and anticipating an opponent's interests, thoughts, and 38 behaviors, whereas empathy (同情) focuses mostly on sympathy and compassion for another.
"Perspective takers are able to step outside the limits of their own immediate, biased frames of preference," wrote the authors. "Empathy, 39 , leads individuals to violate norms of equity and equality and to provide preferential treatments."
The researchers 40 a total of three studies designed to assess the relationship between successful negotiations and perspective-taking and empathy tendencies. In two of them, the participants negotiated the sale of a gas station 41 a deal based solely on price was impossible: the seller's 42 price was higher than the buyer's limit. However, both parties' basic interests were compatible (相容的), and so creative deals were possible. In the first study, those 43 who scored highly on the perspective-taking part of a personality test were more likely to successfully 44 a deal. In contrast, higher scores on empathy led the two parties to be 45 at reaching a creative deal.
In the second study involving the same gas station negotiation, participants were 46 into three groups: the perspective-taking group, who were told to imagine 47 the other person was thinking; the empathy group, who were told to imagine what the other person was 48 ; and a control group. The psychologists discovered that perspective-takers secured the most agreements and increased the satisfaction of their opponents 49 the control condition. Although empathizers produced the highest level of opponent satisfaction, they were less successful than perspective-takers at reaching a deal and 50 failed to create long-term value for themselves and their opponent.
31. A) knowledge B) understanding C) awareness D) alertness
32. A) suggestion B) way C) approach D) proposal
33. A) same B) similar C) alike D) like
34. A) relies B) decides C) lies D) depends
35. A) mind B) reason C) emotion D) heart
36. A) other than B) more than C) rather than D) better than
37. A) involves B) devolves C) evolves D) revolves
38. A) probably B) likely C) perhaps D) possibly
39. A) therefore B) thus C) although D) however
40. A) reformed B) performed C) confirmed D) conformed
41. A) where B) which C) why D) what
42. A) requiring B) requesting C) demanding D) asking
43. A) opponents B) participants C) competitors D) members
44. A) arrive at B) lead to C) get to D) arrive in
45. A) more successful B) more failing C) less successful D) less failing
46. A) separated B) cut C) sorted D) fallen
47. A) that B) whether C) which D) what
48. A) saying B) considering C) feeling D) looking
49. A) comparing to B) compared to C) compared in D) comparing with
50. A) so B) finally C) that D) thus
Part V
Translation
(5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
51. Please hurry up because _______ (到我們上課的時(shí)間了).
52. I saw her and smiled at her, but ______ (她沒(méi)有理會(huì)我) and walked straight on.
53. ______ (考慮到他是一個(gè)很有責(zé)任心的人), he couldn't have done that foolish thing.
54. For a time, it looked _______ (好像他們會(huì)成功).
55. _____ (他剛一出門(mén)) than he heard the phone ring.
答案：
Part I Writing
One possible version:
A High Diploma and a Good Job
Nowadays, a vast majority of people are inclined to believe that if a person has a higher education diploma, he will surely have a promising career. That is why so many university students are working so hard to become master or doctor candidates. Every day they spend their time acquiring as much knowledge as possible. In addition, we see many parents urging their children to go to various guidance classes in order to be successful in the fierce competition. Only if you have a good education can you stand out among so many job applicants and be picked out by your potential employer, thus starting the path to a promising career.
There are also many others who don't agree. They think that a person with a high diploma won't necessarily get a good job. In their opinion, what really counts is one's ability. What our society needs the most are highly capable people. They point out that there exist in all walks of life a large number of people with good scores but low abilities.
In my opinion, both sides are partly right. We shouldn't pay too much attention to either diploma or ability. Taking all factors into consideration, we can safely draw the conclusion that our society needs citizens who are both well-educated and highly capable.
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension
(Skimming and Scanning )
1. N。參見(jiàn)第四段中"You'd assume airlines would just want to get us on the plane as quickly as possible. But nothing could be further from the truth."可知，此處講你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為航空公司只是想讓我們盡快登機(jī)，而事實(shí)并非如此。
2. N。參見(jiàn)第五段可知，此處講Lee Paulson，一個(gè)華盛頓非贏利組織的經(jīng)理說(shuō)到，聯(lián)合航空公司對(duì)于精英顧客和沒(méi)錢(qián)的顧客區(qū)別對(duì)待，精英顧客從紅地毯先登機(jī)，而其他的較為貧窮的顧客站在旁邊的黑地毯上。這是精英人士的勢(shì)利行為，而且這樣登機(jī)效率也不高。
3. NG。參見(jiàn)第六段可知除了聯(lián)合航空公司，Delta航空公司也對(duì)精英乘客的登機(jī)時(shí)間給予特殊優(yōu)待，說(shuō)明這種現(xiàn)象并不少見(jiàn)，但不能據(jù)此就推斷出絕大多數(shù)的美國(guó)航空公司都這樣。
4. Y。參見(jiàn)第八段作者提出來(lái)的幾點(diǎn)質(zhì)疑及第九段中 "I'm not hopeful that anything I write will change the way in which these chronically unprofitable companies operate."可知，此處講作者并不是希望他所寫(xiě)的東西能改變這些長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)不贏利的公司的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)模式。結(jié)合兩個(gè)段落可知作者不贊成一些航空公司在讓乘客登機(jī)時(shí)區(qū)別對(duì)待乘客的做法。
5. N。本題定位在小標(biāo)題 "Pack tight and light"下的段落，參見(jiàn)第十段中"The fact is that the lighter your load, the faster you'll board. And, the faster the passengers standing in line behind you will be able to board faster, too."可知，此處講你裝的行李越輕，你登機(jī)就越快，而且排隊(duì)在你后面的人也能登機(jī)越快，很顯然你的行李裝的怎樣只對(duì)排在你后面的乘客有影響，而不會(huì)影響你前面的乘客。
6. Y。本題定位在小標(biāo)題"Don't hold up the flight"下的段落，參見(jiàn)第十二段中"How do you avoid the jam? Arrange your luggage quickly and get out of the aisle immediately so that others can pass you." 可知，此處講應(yīng)該怎樣避免飛機(jī)上擁擠呢？你應(yīng)該快速地把行李放好，然后立即讓出走道，這樣其他乘客才能從你身邊快速過(guò)去。
7. NG。本題定位在小標(biāo)題"Better yet, bring nothing (or close to it)"下的段落，參見(jiàn)第十四段可知，如果我們帶的隨身行李少，我們登機(jī)的速度會(huì)更快，但不見(jiàn)得將來(lái)會(huì)有更多乘客不攜帶隨身行李。
8. the process by up to 10 times。參見(jiàn)第二段中 "Fermilab's Jason Steffen recently published a research paper in the Journal of Air Transport Management that concluded loading smaller groups of passengers in every other row could accelerate the process by up to 10 times."可知，此處講費(fèi)而米實(shí)驗(yàn)室的Jason Steffen近在《航空運(yùn)輸管理》雜志上發(fā)表了一篇研究論文，該論文的結(jié)論是在飛機(jī)上每隔一排少坐一些乘客會(huì)使登機(jī)的速度比以前快10倍。
9. their carry-on bags。 本題定位在小標(biāo)題"Be first in line"下的段落，參見(jiàn)第十一段中"Latecomers, on the other hand, are disadvantaged in many ways. There may not be enough room for their carry-on bags."可知，此處講另一方面，對(duì)于晚到的乘客來(lái)說(shuō)，很多方面對(duì)他們不利，如他們的隨身行李可能沒(méi)有足夠的空間擺放。
10. "underpaid and mistreated"。參見(jiàn)文章的倒數(shù)第二段中"He told me he's tired of indifferent gate agents that allow chaos in the boarding area, and understands they think it is acceptable behavior because they're'underpaid and mistreated.'"可知，此處講他告訴我他厭倦了那些無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的登機(jī)口工作人員的做法，他們對(duì)登機(jī)區(qū)亂糟糟的局面不管不問(wèn)，而且他了解到這些人接受此類(lèi)做法是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為自己薪水低且受到了不公正的待遇。
Part III
Reading Comprehension
(Reading in Depth)
Section A
11. D)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講希臘人舉行接力賽時(shí)在運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間傳遞火炬。故選D)。
12. H)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講火炬在運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間傳遞后點(diǎn)燃大鍋爐，這是純潔、理智和和平的象征。故選H)。
13. K)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講第現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)火炬?zhèn)鬟f是在1936年的柏林夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，當(dāng)時(shí)的火炬是在希臘的奧林匹亞點(diǎn)燃的，然后被傳遞到德國(guó)的奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式。故選K)。
14. I)。此處需要一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)的分詞或形容詞。此處考查固定短語(yǔ)"the opening ceremony"意為“開(kāi)幕式”。此處講自從1964年在奧地利的Innsbruck舉行的冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)始，每的奧運(yùn)會(huì)都以從希臘到開(kāi)幕式的火炬?zhèn)鬟f開(kāi)始。故選I)。
15. L)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處考查固定短語(yǔ)"be capable of"意為“能夠……”，此處講每個(gè)火炬都必須能夠經(jīng)受住風(fēng)、冰雹、雪和極端的氣候條件。故選L)。
16. N)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講火炬必須有足夠的燃料才能支撐跑完全程，并且要夠輕巧運(yùn)動(dòng)員舉得才舒服。故選N)。
17. E)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。此處講火炬必須有足夠的燃料才能支撐跑完全程，并且要夠輕巧才能使火炬?zhèn)鬟f者舉起來(lái)舒適。故選E)。
18. A)。 此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處考查固定短語(yǔ)“vary from … to …”意為“隨……的不同而不同”，此處講雖然火炬的設(shè)計(jì)每年有所不同，其現(xiàn)代化的外觀是由迪斯尼藝術(shù)家John Hench設(shè)計(jì)的。故選A)。
19. M)。此處需要一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。此處講雖然初的奧林匹克火炬是靠太陽(yáng)光點(diǎn)燃的，但是現(xiàn)代火炬卻是以加壓的液體燃料為動(dòng)力的。故選M)。
20. G)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講在1956年的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，鎂和鋁的混合物被用來(lái)點(diǎn)燃了火炬，燃燒后產(chǎn)生了大塊的殘留物，殘留物落下燒傷了運(yùn)動(dòng)員的胳膊。故選G)。
Section B
Passage One
21. B)。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。參見(jiàn)文章第一段中 “… and the school buildings turned out to be especially vulnerable to collapse because of poor construction.”可知，此處講因?yàn)榻ㄖ|(zhì)量差學(xué)校的房子尤其容易倒塌。故選B)。A)只是死亡人數(shù)可能增加的原因。
22. C)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。參見(jiàn)第一段中"More than 69,000 people have been confirmed dead so far, and more than 374,000 injured, with fears of further casualties because several lakes created by rockfall dams may give way and cause sudden flooding."可知，此處講迄今已經(jīng)證實(shí)有69,000人喪生，超過(guò)374,000人受傷，人們都擔(dān)心因?yàn)閹讉€(gè)湖決口造成洪災(zāi)，死傷人數(shù)還會(huì)增加。故選C)。
23. A)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。參見(jiàn)第二段中“… have been doing extensive research in that region of China and the Tibetan plateau for more than two decades, but had found no hints that suggested such a large earthquake might strike the area.”可知，此處講專(zhuān)家20多年以來(lái)一直對(duì)四川和青藏高原地帶進(jìn)行廣泛的研究，但是沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何關(guān)于大地震會(huì)襲擊這一地區(qū)的跡象。故選A)
24. C)。推斷題。參見(jiàn)第二、四、五段可知地震是很難預(yù)測(cè)的，但并不是不能預(yù)測(cè)的，故選C)。地震發(fā)生頻繁是客觀事實(shí)，但是這篇文章無(wú)法推出這一點(diǎn)。
25. D)。主旨題?？v觀全文可以看出第一段引出5.12地震之后，后面的段落都是在談此次地震如何地不同尋常，沒(méi)有跡象表明會(huì)在該地帶發(fā)生地震等。且文章中unusual一詞出現(xiàn)的頻率較高，說(shuō)明了文章的主旨是這次地震的不同尋常，故選D)。前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都太片面，不能全面地概括這篇文章的大意。
Passage Two
26. C)。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。參見(jiàn)第四段中 "Geography would appear to favor a European city after the 2008 Summer Games in Asia - Beijing - and the 2010 Winter Games in North America - Vancouver."可知，此處講從地理的角度來(lái)講，歐洲城市的可能性較大因?yàn)?008年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)在亞洲的北京舉行，2010年的冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)在北美洲的溫哥華舉行。故選C)。
27. A)。詞義理解題。根據(jù)上文"IOC president Jacques Rogge said the list could be further cut in the next month if any of the bidding cities fell short of IOC expectations."可知，此處講國(guó)際奧委會(huì)主席雅克·羅格說(shuō)到如果申辦城市不能滿(mǎn)足國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的要求的話(huà)，名單還有可能在下個(gè)月進(jìn)一步削減，可以推斷本句的意思是我們今天所做的是保留(即選出)了五個(gè)我們認(rèn)為可以滿(mǎn)足我們要求的城市。
28. B)。細(xì)節(jié)題。參見(jiàn)第十段 “'Our experience with previous bids has taught us a great deal about the needs and aspirations of the IOC,' Paris bid chief Philippe Baudillon said…”可知，此處講法國(guó)申辦主席Philippe Baudillon提到我們以前申辦的經(jīng)歷使我們懂得了很多國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的需要和期望。故選B)。
29. D)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。參見(jiàn)后一段 "'I am very pleased that London has been named a candidate city for the 2012 Olympic Games. But I am not surprised we have cleared this most important hurdle,' British Prime Minister Tony Blair said in a statement."可知，此處講英國(guó)首相托尼·布萊爾在聲明中說(shuō)到倫敦被提名為2012年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的候選城市，我感到非常高興，但我們能清除這一大障礙我并不感到驚奇，所以布萊爾感到高興且不驚訝。故選D)。
30. C)。主旨題。通讀全文可知本文是關(guān)于五個(gè)城市角逐2012年奧運(yùn)主辦權(quán)的問(wèn)題。
Part IV Cloze
31. B)。此處考查名詞。此處講成功的談判需要清楚地了解自己的對(duì)手。故選B)。
32. C)。此處考查名詞。此處講我們應(yīng)該采取什么方法才能在日常交流中獲得這種認(rèn)識(shí)呢？故選C)。
33. B)。此處考查形容詞。此處講心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)和他的同事威廉及朱迪思提出了相似的問(wèn)題。same前用定冠詞the，而alike 和like 當(dāng) “象……” 講時(shí)不作定語(yǔ)。故選B)。
34. D)。此處考查詞組搭配。此處講心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)和他的同事威廉及朱迪思發(fā)現(xiàn)了談判的成功取決于把精力集中在 (head) 理智上而不是 (heart) 情感上。“取決于”是"depend on"。故選 D)。
35. D)。此處考查名詞。此處講心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)和他的同事威廉及朱迪思發(fā)現(xiàn)了談判的成功取決于把精力集中在 (head) 理智上而不是 (heart) 情感上。head 和heart 形成一對(duì)頭韻詞，而reason和emotion相對(duì)。故選 D)。
36. C)。此處考查介詞的用法。此處講更好的做法是我們能從談判對(duì)手的角度去看問(wèn)題而不是同情他們。故選C)。
37. A)。此處考查動(dòng)詞形近詞辨析。此處講根據(jù)《心理科學(xué)》2008年4月發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究，從對(duì)手的角度看問(wèn)題包括對(duì)對(duì)手的興趣、想法和行為能做到理解和預(yù)見(jiàn)。A) 意為“涉及到”，B) 意為“移交、轉(zhuǎn)交”，C) 意為“發(fā)展、演化”，D) 意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)、考慮”。故選A)。
38. B)。此處考查形容詞。A)，C)和D)都只能用作副詞，作狀語(yǔ)。只有B)既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞，此處講從對(duì)手的角度看問(wèn)題包括理解和預(yù)見(jiàn)對(duì)手的興趣、想法和可能的行為。故選B)。
39. D)。此處考查副詞。通過(guò)讀上句可知這里在進(jìn)行前后對(duì)比，此處講同情會(huì)使人違反公平和平等的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，給對(duì)手優(yōu)惠的待遇。故選D)。
40. B)。此處考查動(dòng)詞形近詞辨析。"perform studies"為常用短語(yǔ)，意為“進(jìn)行研究”，此處講研究人員一共進(jìn)行了三次研究，這些研究的目的是評(píng)估成功的談判和從對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)看待問(wèn)題以及同情傾向三者之間的關(guān)系。故選B)。
41. A)。此處考查關(guān)系詞。此處講談判者就一筆加油站的買(mǎi)賣(mài)進(jìn)行協(xié)商，而在交易的達(dá)成中 價(jià)格不是決定成敗的因素，該句中要填的詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。故選A)。
42. D)。此處考查動(dòng)名詞。"asking price"為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“索價(jià)，要價(jià)”，此處講賣(mài)主的要價(jià)高出了買(mǎi)主能承受的限度。故選D)。
43. B)。此處考查名詞。此處講在第一項(xiàng)研究中，那些在個(gè)性測(cè)試中從對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)看問(wèn)題部分得分較高的參與者更有可能成功地達(dá)成交易。故選B)。
44. A)。此處考查動(dòng)詞?！斑_(dá)成交易”是"arrive at / reach a deal"。故選A)。
45. C)。此處考查比較級(jí)。根據(jù)過(guò)渡詞組"in contrast"，可知此處是對(duì)“同情談判”弊端的闡述，此處講的是相反，在同情因素方面得高分使雙方不容易成功地達(dá)成創(chuàng)新性的交易。故選C)。
46. A)。此處考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處講在第二個(gè)涉及到同一加油站談判的研究中，談判參與者被分成三類(lèi)。"be cut into"，意為 “被切成”；"fall into"，主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，意為“被分成”。故選A)。
47. D)。此處考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處講從對(duì)方角度看問(wèn)題的那組人被告知去想象對(duì)方在想什么，賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。故選D)。
48. C)。此處考查動(dòng)詞。此處講抱有同情心的人被告知去想象對(duì)方的感覺(jué)，對(duì)方說(shuō)什么是不用去想象的，對(duì)方在考慮什么和上句重復(fù)。故選C)。
49. B)。此處考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)。此處講心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)和在設(shè)定的條件下相比，從對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)看問(wèn)題的人達(dá)成了多的協(xié)議，增加了對(duì)方的滿(mǎn)意度。本題也可用 "compared with"而不是"comparing with"。故選B)。
50. D)。此處考查副詞。此處講雖然同情者得到了高的對(duì)手滿(mǎn)度，他們?cè)谶_(dá)成協(xié)議方面不如從對(duì)方角度看問(wèn)題的人做得成功，因而他們沒(méi)能為自己和對(duì)手創(chuàng)造出長(zhǎng)期的價(jià)值。故選D)