英語專業(yè)八級考試模擬題10(4)

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SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING
    In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
    TEXT E First read the question. 51. This letter is intended to ____. A. inform the addressee that he is selected as a candidate for a United States Government graduate award B. require the addressee to do several things so as to partake in the competition for the award C. offer the addressee a trip to Tokyo D. ask the addressee to fill out a application forms of a physical examinations Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 51. THE UNITED STATES EDUCATIONAL COMMISSION IN JAPAN FULBRIGHT HOUSE 15 SHINSAKA-MACHI, AKASAKA, MJINATO-KU, TOKYO November 11, 1954 My dear Mr. Takahashi,   This is regard to your candidacy for a 1955-56 United States Government all-expense graduate study award. Following the personal interview which you had with the bi-national Tokyo Regional Screening Committee, your application was selected to be further considered along with the applications of those candidates recommended by the other Regional Committees.   This does not mean that you will necessarily be successful in receiving an award, but merely that your application will be receiving further consideration. At this stage in the competition, you are requested to:   Fill out the enclosed application forms and bring them with you to the United States Educational Commission in Japan (Fulbright House) in Tokyo on the date of your physical examination (see no: 2 bellow). An instruction sheet for filling out the application documents is attached. For guidance, one of your original applications is also enclosed. Please return this with your other documents. IMPORTANT- The application form must be typewritten.   Take a physical examination at Saint Lukes International Hospital, located at 19 Aksashicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, on November 18. You can receive your examination at your convenience between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. on the above date. It is necessary that you receive your physical examination from Dr. Gentaro Kimura of Saint Lukes International Hospital and not from any other physician. A certificate of health form will be furnished at the hospital. If you have any chest X-ray photographs taken within the past three years, you are requested to bring them with you to Saint Lukes International Hospital.   For those candidates who must travel to Tokyo, the third-class round trip railway fare will be refunded at the Fulbright office after the physical examination. However, you must bear the expense of the physical examination, which will be 1,600. Upon completion of the physical examination, you must come to the Fulbright House, located at 15 Shinsaka-machi. Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, to return your completed application forms.   I regret that we are giving you such short notice, but please do not ask for exceptions to the above requests and time schedule. Your full cooperation will be greatly appreciated.   Wishing you continued success in this completion, I am,   Very truly yours, Koji Kobayashi Executive Secretary
    51. This letter is intended to ____.
    A) inform the addressee that he is selected as a candidate for a United States Government graduate award
    B) require the addressee to do several things so as to partake in the competition for the award
    C) offer the addressee a trip to Tokyo
    D) ask the addressee to fill out a application forms of a physical examinations
    TEXT F   First read the questions. 52. Most tropical soils have a low organic content because of ____. A. soil erosion by wind and water B. reduced transpiration and precipitation C. the loss of the soils capacity to provide benefits D. reduced absorption of CO2 by depleted plant life Now go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 52.   WORLD ECOLOGICAL AREA PROGRAM A PROPOSAL TO SAVE THE WORLDS TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS.   The worlds remaining tropical forests are being destroyed so fast that, at current trends, by the end of this century, only the most inaccessible will remain. This terrible tragedy will mean:   the destruction of the way of life of the indigenous peoples who inhabit these areas which must lead to their systematic pauperization i.e. to their transformation into a marginal, largely unemployed proletariat leading a miserable and precarious existence in the shanty towns surrounding already drastically over-crowed cities:   the disappearance of a considerable proportion of the worlds trees and plant species, many of which have not been identified:   the disappearance in the world of much of the worlds remaining wildlife, including large cats such as the tiger and clouded leopard and primates such as the gorilla and orange-tuna:   the loss of an inestimable reservoir of genetic resources that could be exploited to provide new foods, medicines, textiles, etc…… and raw materials including bases for fuels which could be of vital importance in a largely unforeseeable future:   soil erosion by wind and water —— as most tropical soils have a low organic content and may become little more than dust, while others become brick-like late rite once they are deprived of their tree cover —— in any cases leading to eventual desertification:   massively increased run-off to rivers and, in particular, when their beds have been raised following erosion form the mountains above, to floods in the surrounding plains —— since only a fraction of the rainwater that can be stored around the root system of a tropical forest can be related in the eroded soils of bare mountainsides:   reduced transpiration and hence precipitation, with a further reduction in water availability:   increase in the CO2 released into the atmosphere but reduced absorption of C02 by depleted plant life with climatic consequences that are likely to be detrimental to world food production:   the loss of the soils capacity to provide timber and other benefits on a more realistic but sustainable basis:   an aesthetic and scientific loss of unparalleled dimensions.   What, we might ask, will the countries who are cutting down their forests obtain in exchange? The answer is foreign currency largely to pug for imported consumer products that only a minority can afford and raw materials required for industrial development, which occurring as it must, in decreasingly propitious conditions, seem doomed to be short-lived.
    52. Most tropical soils have a low organic content because of ____.
    A) soil erosion by wind and water
    B) reduced transpiration and precipitation
    C) the loss of the soil's capacity to provide benefits
    D) reduced absorption of CO2 by depleted plant life
    TEXT G   First read the question. 53. How does the author evaluate the theories on the origin of language in the passage? A. They are only speculations, up to now we have no way to disprove them. B. They all have flaws, but if combined, they can successfully explain the origin of human language. C. None of them is satisfactory. D. They have some explanatory power except that they are out-of-date. Now go through TEXT G quickly to answer question 53. The Origins of Language Apart from the rote miming of parrots and myna birds, no animal can speak a human-like language. Many animals make complex sounds, of course, among them dolphins and chimpanzees, but only in humans do these sound represent objects and events in an arbitrary yet symbolic way. Though the words vary from dialect to dialect, they have specific meanings in each case and are solely the inventions of the human mind.   Since preserving the human voice was an innovation of modern times, the sounds voiced by our distant ancestors left no tangible trace. But by studying the size and shape of fossil hominid brains scientists can obtain a clue to the neural machinery that is necessary for the development and organization of language.   The development of language was a slow and laborious process that seems to have begun with the forerunners of modern man, Homo erectus, some 1.5 million years ago. Studies of the cranial capacity of early man indicate that his brain possessed a left hemisphere (which in modern man is the seat of language) slight large than the right hemisphere. Homo erectus also had a well-developed frontal section of the brain, now known as Brocas Area, which coordinates the muscles of the mouth and throat that we use when we speak. Thus, early man was not hampered by a lack of speech apparatus; in fact, he possessed an anatomical structure capable of producing the entire spectrum of vocal effects available to us today. Whether or not he actually used it is unknown.   In the total absence of any clue to the speech patterns of prehistoric man, scholars can offer only speculation about how language originated. Several theories have been in and out of vogue.   The Bow-Wow Theory, as named and proposed by the German-born British philologist Friedrich Max Muller in 19th century, posits that language grew our of mans attempts to imitate natural sounds, as an infant calls a locomotive a choo-choo or a cow a moo. According to this suggestion, mans first utterances were onomatopoetic or echoic words that emulated the sounds of what was happening around him —— for example, thunder, bump, sneeze, splash, slosh, sizzle, moan, and mumble.   The Pooh-pooh Theory holds that speech originated from the spontaneous exclamations and interjections of early humans: cries of fear, surprise, anger, pain, disgust, despair, and joy.   The Yo-He-Ho theory suggests that language evolved form reflex utterances —— grunts, gasps, glottal contractions —— evoked by strenuous physical exertion, such as hacking up a carcass after a successful hunt or dragging a heavy log through underbrush.   The Sing-Song Theory contends that human speech arose form primitive rhythmic chants associated with ritualistic dance.   Standing alone, each of these theories has flaws, and even combined, their composite effect cannot account for the full complexity of human language. This is particularly true because language as we know it is more the product of the human mind than it is the product of the human vocal cords.   At one time linguists believed that language originated merely to facilitate communication so that one individual could relate to another what the he or she should be doing next in the practical matters of daily life. Today, however, it is widely thought that language originated so that early man could think more effectively. For without the acquisition of words, and the structure of language to string them together in logical and meaningful order, there can be no such thing as complex human thought. This is evident in human languages most supreme attribute: its limitless creativity. Even today language grows at a rapid pace with the use of what words coined from technology or derivatives of old words attached to trends.   Alone of all the creatures on earth, humans can say things that have never been said —— and still be understood. Animals can only repeat the same limited utterances over and over again, as their progenitors have done for millions of years. Mans accomplishment has bestowed on him the capacity to create something new ever time he speaks.
    53. How does the author evaluate the theories on the origin of language in the passage?
    A) They are only speculations, up to now we have no way to disprove them.
    B) They all have flaws, but if combined, they can successfully explain the origin of human language.
    C) None of them is satisfactory.
    D) They have some explanatory power except that they are out-of-date.
    TEXT H   First read the questions. 54. If you want to sell a used color TV, you can call ____. A. 62429991 B. 1371801367 C. 59766119 D. 64748821 55. If you are proficient in Chinese water painting and need a part-time job, you can contact ____. A. at boycolour@hotmail.com B. at GMoates@aol.com C. at andylg@beer.com D. at xueyini@public4.sta.net.cn Now go through TEXT H quickly to answer question 55 and 55.   If anyone has a copy of the latest Macintosh OS 8.5 would you mind sending me a note: reastman@uninet.com.cn?   I have the following items for sale: computer IBM233, with fax/modem RMB5000. Hayes 33.6 voice/fax/modem RMB300, mobile Ericson 788 RMB2000. Contact: Franlin mail: mosterd@online.sh.cn pager: 54887 X 1936000.   Our company is sourcing of rubbish bags for export, we need to contact with manufactures, we need quotations, and samples. Contact: Peter. E-mail: mosterd@online.sh.cn. Fax: 58604681   TV: We are looking for a used color TV in good condition …… please call 59766119.   BP for sell: A Motorala Adividor Beeper for sell, in Chinese Characters. 54888 station. Asking for 400RMB. Please Contact 1272341383 or hsu2597@hotmail.com.   DEHUMIDIFIER: 1 Air Dehumidifier PHILIPS, HR 4163/A, 430 W Power. For further information/inspection, feel free to contact us by email alexstr@uninet.com.cn or through fax 6262 0542 rmb. Would consider part exchange Call 1371801367.   Used piano wanted: We like to buy a used Piano (not an upright one). Color black or white including bench. Xiaomei on 6270-9342, fax 6270-9341 Ruediger-kabas@homail.com. We speak English, German, Mandarin and Shanghainese.   Baby Stuff For sale: All high quality German or Italian products in very good condition: Babystoller, with top and removable carrier, changeable to push chair, sterilizer, toys & anything a newborn baby needs. Xiaomei at 6270-9342, fax 6270-9341 Ruediger-kabas@homail.com. We speak English, German, Mandarin and Shanghainese.   For sale: "Life Fitness" available, both commercial and consumer using, treadmil, exercising cycle, stair climber and strength machine O all certificated by ISO 9001. Frank at 138-179-1604 or Fax 6472-8821.   For sale: A Hewlett Packard C30 "Photo Smart" Digital Camera, with a MS "Picture It! 99" CD, a HP 1 MP Digital Camera Photo Finishing Software CD, and a 200 rebate offer on purchase of a HP scanner. Never used, all this and more for a mere US 430 (what I paid for it). 6471-6459 or omega@fudan.edu.cn   Moving Sale: Polar Bear distiller, manual treadmill, VCRs, 17in. TV, fax, 2-color ink jet printers, scanner, 2 childrens laminate bed sets, chest freezer, fridge …… 5897-3311 or Fax 5897-3322.   TEACHING   English-Chinese: A local girl is seeking a native English speaker as language exchange partner. Lin at hanazen@hotmail.com.   English-Chinese: A software engineer, 24, male, smart, energetic and humorous, is looking for a foreigner to practice English in exchange of Chinese. Native English speaker is preferred. He can teach you many things other than Chinese. Email: andylg@beer.com.   Japanese-Chinese: Seeking a native Japanese speaker who wants to practice his/her Mandarin with a Chinese girl. Yanmingli@hotmail.com.   English-Chinese: Im looking for a language exchange partners to improve my English and your Chinese. Vannisa Bp: 53996 X 147185.   English Teacher wanted: Shanghai lady, 25, is looking for an experienced native English speaking teacher for English lesson. British is better. Reasonable pay. Jasmine at jcXjB@hotmail.com   Need a nice and patient girl to teach you Chinese? Call BP: 58315831 X 872262. I bet you will speak Chinese better than Shanghai people.   Yoga/Chinese Water painting Tutor wanted: Contact me at xueyini@pulic4.sta.net.cn or 5874-8064. Only request you can speak a little English and the salary is quite reasonable.   Painting Tutor: A young artist, speaking English, want to be your painting tutor to each sketch, watercolor and stylish art. boycolor@hotmail.com.   Tai Chi Lessons wanted: Any information on where or when. Individual instructors are welcome. Email: GMoates@aol.com, or phone, Home: 6278-3435, Mobile: 137-184-4416.   Free Lessons: on how to iron shirts, how to cook western style Chinese food, how to use Chinese taxi drivers to teach destinations, etc, for Englishman in Gubei. English language in return. 6270-5438 or green@dircon.co.uk.   Introduction to Acupuncture & Chinese Medicine: Part-time course at the Shanghai University (TCM). Includes clinical practice and basic theories with certificate on completion. Contact by 20 June. Ingrid at 6472-1105 or charlottejane@yahoo.com.
    54. If you want to sell a used color TV, you can call ____.
    A) 62429991
    B) 1371801367
    C) 59766119
    D) 64748821
    55. If you are proficient in Chinese water painting and need a part-time job, you can contact ____.
    A) at boycolour@hotmail.com
    B) at GMoates@aol.com
    C) at andylg@beer.com
    D) at xueyini@public4.sta.net.cn