不定式的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)

字號(hào):

不定式的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)
    1. 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí),不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。如:
     Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon?( A knife cuts the watermelon.)
    2. 不定式和它前面所修飾的名詞后代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí),不定式常用主動(dòng)式。如:
    She has a sister to look after.(She looks after her sister)
    3. 不定式作表語形容詞的狀語,和句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),不定式多用主動(dòng)形式,這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb.。如:
    This book is difficult to understand.
    This kind of fish is nice to eat.
    4. 在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)形式;如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成,則用被動(dòng)形式。如:
    There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work.)
    There is a lot of work to be done. ( The work has to be done.)