Passage 46 (46/63結(jié)論解釋型（VCR經(jīng)營策略）
Traditionally（老觀點）, the first firm to commercialize a new technology把新技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力 has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or否則 invest in an unproven無保障的 alternative. Today, however（新觀點）, the largest payoffs (a: PROFIT, REWARD b: RETRIBUTION) may go to companies that lead in處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位 developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution*2E.（主題句）
Producers of the Beta format for videocassette recorders (VCR’s), for example也可以看成結(jié)論解釋型, were first to develop the VCR commercially in 1975, but producers of the rival VHS (Video Home System) format proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliances with other producers and distributors to manufacture and market their VCR format. Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution, Beta producers were reluctant to 不情愿form such alliances and eventually lost ground to在競爭中敗給了…，喪失了優(yōu)勢 VHS in the competition for the global VCR market.
解釋Beta模式失敗的原因Despite Beta’s substantial technological head start (head start: n.) and the fact that VHS was neither technically better nor cheaper than Beta, developers of VHS quickly turned a slight early lead in sales into a dominant position. Strategic alignments*4D with producers of prerecorded tapes reinforced the VHS advantage. The perception among consumers that prerecorded tapes were more available*3D in VHS format further expanded VHS’s share of the market. By the end of the 1980’s, Beta was no longer in production.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?主題題（寫法性+內(nèi)容性）
(A) Evaluating two competing technologies
(B) Tracing the impact of a new technology by narrating a sequence of events
(C) Reinterpreting an event from contemporary business history
(D) Illustrating a business strategy by means of a case history結(jié)論解釋型（D）
(E) Proposing an innovative approach to business planning
2. According to the passage, today’s successful firms, unlike successful firms in the past, may earn the greatest profits by（第一段第二句）
(A) investing in research to produce cheaper versions of existing technology
(B) being the first to market a competing technology
(C) adapting rapidly to a technological standard previously set by a competing firm
(D) establishing technological leadership in order to shape product definitions in advance of competing firms（E）
(E) emphasizing the development of methods for the mass production and distribution of a new technology*2E
3. According to the passage, consumers began to develop a preference for VCR’s in the VHS format because they believed which of the following?（最后一段）
(A) VCR’s in the VHS format were technically better than competing-format VCR’s.
(B) VCR’s in the VHS format were less expensive than competing-format VCR’s.
(C) VHS was the first standard format for VCR’s.
(D) VHS prerecorded videotapes were more available*3D than Beta-format tapes.（D）
(E) VCR’s in the Beta format would soon cease to be produced.
4. The author implies that one way that VHS producers won control over the VCR market was by
(A) carefully restricting access to VCR technology
(B) giving up a slight early lead in VCR sales in order to improve long-term prospects
(C) retaining a strict monopoly on the production of prerecorded videotapes
(D) sharing control of the marketing*4D of VHS-format VCR’s（D）
(E) sacrificing technological superiority over Beta-format VCR’s in order to remain competitive in price
5. The alignment of producers of VHS-format VCR’s with producers of prerecorded videotapes is most similar to which of the following?類比題
(A) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with another automobile manufacturer to adopt a standard design for automobile engines.
(B) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with an automotive glass company whereby (by, through, or in accordance with which) the manufacturer agrees to purchase automobile windshields only from that one glass company.
(C) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with a petroleum company石油公司 to ensure the widespread availability of the fuel required by a new type of engine developed by the manufacturer.本質(zhì)：配套產(chǎn)品的聯(lián)合
(D) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with its dealers to adopt a plan to improve automobile design.（C）
(E) The alignment of an automobile dealer with an automobile rental chain to adopt a strategy for an advertising campaign to promote a new type of automobile.
6. Which of the following best describes the relation of the first paragraph to the passage as a whole?主題題（寫法性）
(A) It makes a general observation to be exemplified.結(jié)論解釋型
(B) It outlines a process to be analyzed.
(C) It poses a question to be answered.
(D) It advances an argument to be disputed.（A）
(E) It introduces conflicting arguments to be reconciled.
Traditionally（老觀點）, the first firm to commercialize a new technology把新技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力 has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or否則 invest in an unproven無保障的 alternative. Today, however（新觀點）, the largest payoffs (a: PROFIT, REWARD b: RETRIBUTION) may go to companies that lead in處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位 developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution*2E.（主題句）
Producers of the Beta format for videocassette recorders (VCR’s), for example也可以看成結(jié)論解釋型, were first to develop the VCR commercially in 1975, but producers of the rival VHS (Video Home System) format proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliances with other producers and distributors to manufacture and market their VCR format. Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution, Beta producers were reluctant to 不情愿form such alliances and eventually lost ground to在競爭中敗給了…，喪失了優(yōu)勢 VHS in the competition for the global VCR market.
解釋Beta模式失敗的原因Despite Beta’s substantial technological head start (head start: n.) and the fact that VHS was neither technically better nor cheaper than Beta, developers of VHS quickly turned a slight early lead in sales into a dominant position. Strategic alignments*4D with producers of prerecorded tapes reinforced the VHS advantage. The perception among consumers that prerecorded tapes were more available*3D in VHS format further expanded VHS’s share of the market. By the end of the 1980’s, Beta was no longer in production.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?主題題（寫法性+內(nèi)容性）
(A) Evaluating two competing technologies
(B) Tracing the impact of a new technology by narrating a sequence of events
(C) Reinterpreting an event from contemporary business history
(D) Illustrating a business strategy by means of a case history結(jié)論解釋型（D）
(E) Proposing an innovative approach to business planning
2. According to the passage, today’s successful firms, unlike successful firms in the past, may earn the greatest profits by（第一段第二句）
(A) investing in research to produce cheaper versions of existing technology
(B) being the first to market a competing technology
(C) adapting rapidly to a technological standard previously set by a competing firm
(D) establishing technological leadership in order to shape product definitions in advance of competing firms（E）
(E) emphasizing the development of methods for the mass production and distribution of a new technology*2E
3. According to the passage, consumers began to develop a preference for VCR’s in the VHS format because they believed which of the following?（最后一段）
(A) VCR’s in the VHS format were technically better than competing-format VCR’s.
(B) VCR’s in the VHS format were less expensive than competing-format VCR’s.
(C) VHS was the first standard format for VCR’s.
(D) VHS prerecorded videotapes were more available*3D than Beta-format tapes.（D）
(E) VCR’s in the Beta format would soon cease to be produced.
4. The author implies that one way that VHS producers won control over the VCR market was by
(A) carefully restricting access to VCR technology
(B) giving up a slight early lead in VCR sales in order to improve long-term prospects
(C) retaining a strict monopoly on the production of prerecorded videotapes
(D) sharing control of the marketing*4D of VHS-format VCR’s（D）
(E) sacrificing technological superiority over Beta-format VCR’s in order to remain competitive in price
5. The alignment of producers of VHS-format VCR’s with producers of prerecorded videotapes is most similar to which of the following?類比題
(A) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with another automobile manufacturer to adopt a standard design for automobile engines.
(B) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with an automotive glass company whereby (by, through, or in accordance with which) the manufacturer agrees to purchase automobile windshields only from that one glass company.
(C) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with a petroleum company石油公司 to ensure the widespread availability of the fuel required by a new type of engine developed by the manufacturer.本質(zhì)：配套產(chǎn)品的聯(lián)合
(D) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with its dealers to adopt a plan to improve automobile design.（C）
(E) The alignment of an automobile dealer with an automobile rental chain to adopt a strategy for an advertising campaign to promote a new type of automobile.
6. Which of the following best describes the relation of the first paragraph to the passage as a whole?主題題（寫法性）
(A) It makes a general observation to be exemplified.結(jié)論解釋型
(B) It outlines a process to be analyzed.
(C) It poses a question to be answered.
(D) It advances an argument to be disputed.（A）
(E) It introduces conflicting arguments to be reconciled.