Part Three
In such a changing , complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned .
Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated , time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information .Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing , and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity , the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate , reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
9. The word "it" （line 3, para. 2）most probably refers to__.
（A）the lack of stable communities
（B）the breakdown of informal information channels
（C）the increased mobility of families
（D）the growing number of people moving from place to place
10. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the fact that__.
（A）they have to learn new things consciously
（B）they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
（C）they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
（D）they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.
11 . From the passage we can infer that__.
（A）electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages
（B）it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era
（C）people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences
（D）events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites
12. We can learn from the last paragraph that __.
（A）it is necessary to obtain as much
（B）people should make the best use of the information
（C）we should realize the importance of accumulating information .
（D）it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
Unit 2（1995）Part 3
重點(diǎn)詞匯：
subconsciously（下意識(shí)地）←sub下+conscious有意識(shí)的+ly。
stockpile（v.n.積蓄，貯存）←stock存儲(chǔ)+pile堆積。
expertise（專門知識(shí)）←expert專家+ise后綴，“專家所掌握的東西”。
Participant（參與者）即Parti+cip+ant，Parti（=Part），cip（=cap）抓，-ant后綴表人，“抓取部分東西的人”→參與分享的人→參與者。參Participation（參加；分享）。
facilitate （使便利）即fac+il（e）+itate，fac=fic詞根“做”，-ile后綴“易于……的”，-itate動(dòng)詞后綴，“使易于做的”→使便利。名詞形式為facility（熟練）；facilities（設(shè)施；便利條件）。It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.如果你再合作一點(diǎn)的話，事情就變得更容易了。
breakdown（n.崩潰；故障）←break+down。a nervous breakdown 神經(jīng)衰弱。
dominant ?（支配的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的）←domin+ant，domin詞根“支配”，-ant后綴。
難句解析：
①M(fèi)any of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.
本句的主干是Many life's problems... are beyond the capability...。problems后面是一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，而capability后面也是修飾成分。
首先要理解be beyond the capability的意思。在考研的閱讀中beyond引導(dǎo)的各種短語(yǔ)層出不窮，這里的意思是“在……的能力之外”。另外，extended family是指“擴(kuò)展型家庭，幾代同堂或者是包含各種親戚關(guān)系的家庭”。
②Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
本句的主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)Where to turn for expert information和how to determine which expert advice to accept構(gòu)成，表語(yǔ)是questions，后面的facing many people today修飾questions。
首先要注意斷句，再看清復(fù)雜的主語(yǔ)就能夠理解本句的意思，另外注意turn for相當(dāng)于ask for。
③As families move away from their stable commUnity, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
本句較難，首先應(yīng)該看到主句就是the informal flow of information is cut off，前面的部分是一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的伴隨/原因從句，而在主句后面的只是一個(gè)名詞性的詞組，其核心詞是the confidence，前面的with it是個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾the confidence，后面的that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable只不過(guò)是the confidence的同位語(yǔ)，為了方便理解，我們也可以在句末的地方加一個(gè)“is gone”，這樣就可以把主句后面的部分理解為一個(gè)句子：the confidence is gone。
首先要看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，另外注意and with it the confidence中的it指代的是整個(gè)主句the informal flow of information is cut off。
④Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
本句的主干就是things... must be consciously learned。things后面有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并且注意subconsciously與consciously之間的對(duì)比。
⑤The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
本句由兩個(gè)并列的子句構(gòu)成，之間以and連接。前面的有一個(gè)more... than...的結(jié)構(gòu)，而后面的主干是the task is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming。主語(yǔ)task后面的介詞of的賓語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)。
看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以把它一分為二，同時(shí)注意最后的三個(gè)形容詞有一定的遞進(jìn)意味。另外注意that one piece of information中的that用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)one piece of information。
⑥Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mails to bombard people with multitudes of messages.
本句的主語(yǔ)是telecommunications developments，謂語(yǔ)是enable，主要應(yīng)該看清e(cuò)nable的賓語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)并列成分：the sending of messages via television，radio和very shortly, electronic mails to bombard people with multitudes of messages。
本句的閱讀重點(diǎn)在斷句，一定不能把television，radio，electronic mails看成是介詞via的三個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)。如果這樣理解，那么后面的題目是做不對(duì)的。另外，雖然bombard一詞超綱，我們通過(guò)其基本詞形與bomb類似也能猜出其意思。
⑦Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the Participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
本句由兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相仿的子句用and連接而成，它們的結(jié)構(gòu)都是sth. can be done。后面的部分有一個(gè)介詞without結(jié)構(gòu)，比較復(fù)雜。
注意看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，里面一些詞匯如expertise（專家知識(shí)），teleconferencing（遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議）等，我們都可以用構(gòu)詞法把其意思推出來(lái)。
⑧"Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
本句由兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相仿的子句用and連接而成，前面一個(gè)的主語(yǔ)是個(gè)從句Knowledge is power，后面的主語(yǔ)是access to information。
注意看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)注意斷句。
試題解析：
9．【正確答案】[B]
第二段指出，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，人口的流動(dòng)性（mobility）變大，一個(gè)家庭離開了自己原來(lái)的居住區(qū)，離開了多年的朋友，不再住在大家庭里（extended family指：三世或四世同堂的家庭），這樣，對(duì)這個(gè)家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，日常的（informal）信息交流沒(méi)有了（is cut off）。隨著日常的信息交流渠道的消失（the breakdown of informal information channels），人們的信心也沒(méi)有了：他們過(guò)去相信需要時(shí)總能得到可信可靠的信息。
A意為：社會(huì)缺乏穩(wěn)定。C意為：家庭增加了流動(dòng)性。D意為：越來(lái)越多的人流動(dòng)不定?？梢?，[A]、[C]、[D]表達(dá)的內(nèi)容近似，因此，都不對(duì)。而且，如果它們中任何一個(gè)正確，那么，原文句中the confidence就要從肯定方面理解，即：人口的流動(dòng)性使人們更有信心……，這顯然與原文第二段表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是相矛盾的。
10．【正確答案】 [C]
意為：他們對(duì)所需的信息不能唾手可得。readily在此不是“有準(zhǔn)備地”之意，而是“隨時(shí)隨地”之意。原文第二段指出，隨著社會(huì)的流動(dòng)性，人們間的日常的信息交流不存在了。過(guò)去一些生活的最基本方面（the simplest aspects）的信息交流幾乎是不自覺(jué)（或無(wú)意識(shí)）地（unconscious）進(jìn)行的，但是現(xiàn)在卻不行了，過(guò)去下意識(shí)地（subconsciously）——隨處隨時(shí)地——可以通過(guò)大家庭內(nèi)部的日常（casual）交流所了解到的（learn）信息現(xiàn)在必須有意識(shí)地去了解（或獲得）。第二段指出，除了社會(huì)的變化以外，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)信息的積累量（stockpile）大增，這使得尋找相關(guān)信息的過(guò)程變得更繁瑣，更花時(shí)間（time-consuming），有時(shí)也很迫切。第三段的最后一句在總結(jié)全段時(shí)也指出：技術(shù)使更多的人可以利用更多的信息。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是信息量，并非信息隨時(shí)隨處可得。
A意為：他們不得不有意識(shí)地去了解新事物。這不是一個(gè)“問(wèn)題”，甚至不是主要（main）問(wèn)題，這僅是指他們了解信息的方式。B意為：現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)狈Λ@得可靠信息的信心。原文只是說(shuō)：隨著日常交流的缺乏，過(guò)去唾手可得的可靠信息不得不經(jīng)過(guò)其他途徑（如：技術(shù)手段）去獲得了?？梢?，[B]表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與原文表達(dá)的內(nèi)容并不相符。D意為：他們幾乎不能同大家庭進(jìn)行日常交流了。如果這是一個(gè)問(wèn)題的話，這也絕對(duì)不是主要問(wèn)題。而且，這句話說(shuō)得不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，太絕對(duì)化?？紤]這個(gè)題時(shí)請(qǐng)考生參閱第9題題解。
11．【正確答案】 [A]
第四段第三句指出，隨著電信事業(yè)的發(fā)展，通過(guò)電視、無(wú)線電并將在不久的將來(lái)（very shortly）通過(guò)電子郵件的方式所傳遞的信息數(shù)以千計(jì)地送到人們手上。該句中，bombard一詞原義為“轟炸”、“連珠炮式地落向”，這里用于比喻量大。multitudes of也指“大量的”。A意為：電子郵件（electronic mail）不久將成為傳遞信息的主要（dominant）手段。
B意為：在信息時(shí)代（era），保守秘密愈難。信息傳遞媒介的增加與保守秘密沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，而且，文中任何地方都未暗示這一點(diǎn)。C意為：開會(huì)時(shí)間會(huì)減少（也可以理解為：開會(huì)次數(shù)會(huì)減少）。第四段第五句指出，（遠(yuǎn)距離）電話會(huì)議可以使人相互交流（專門）知識(shí)（expertise），解決問(wèn)題無(wú)需再采用將各地的人聚在一起的會(huì)議形式?？梢姡@里只是說(shuō)會(huì)議開得更方便，并未說(shuō)開短會(huì)或少開會(huì)。D意為：事件報(bào)道將主要采用衛(wèi)星直播形式。原文第四句指出，衛(wèi)星的使用擴(kuò)大了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)（at the instance of occurrence）直播事件的力度。
12．【正確答案】 [D]
在最后一段作者指出，當(dāng)今世界是一個(gè)多變、復(fù)雜的世界，信息對(duì)人至關(guān)重要（of greastest importance）。人們要學(xué)會(huì)利用準(zhǔn)確、可靠、最新的（up-to-date）信息來(lái)解決的日常（day-to-day）問(wèn)題以及他們工作和社會(huì)交往、家庭生活中的重大（critical）問(wèn)題，只有這樣的人才能生存、才能成功。“知識(shí)就是力量”這樣的說(shuō)法再正確不過(guò)了，學(xué)會(huì)掌握信息（access to information）是對(duì)所有人的一個(gè)最重要要求。D意為：有效地掌握所需信息至關(guān)重要。
A意為：應(yīng)盡量多地獲取信息。這里只強(qiáng)調(diào)了信息的量，卻未強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的質(zhì)（如：準(zhǔn)確、可靠、最新）。實(shí)際上，正因?yàn)樾畔⒌牧吭龃罅?，才需要人們學(xué)會(huì)找出所需的信息，這才是這一段所主要說(shuō)明的。B意為：人們應(yīng)充分利用可得到的（accessible）信息。正如我們?cè)诜治霰绢}時(shí)所一再指出的，本段所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是善于獲得信息的重要性（如，在本段三句話中，作者使用了如下措詞：the need for information〈第一句主句〉，who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information, access to information〈第三句后半句主語(yǔ)〉。C意為：我們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到積累信息的重要性。這也不對(duì)，參閱本題對(duì)選擇項(xiàng)[A]的分析。
全文翻譯：
在這樣一個(gè)不斷變化的復(fù)雜社會(huì)里，以前簡(jiǎn)單地獲取信息的方法變得復(fù)雜了。許多請(qǐng)教家人、朋友或同事便能解決的生活問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在卻超出了大家庭的能力范圍。去哪兒尋找專家信息，如何確定接受哪條專家建議成了當(dāng)今許多人面臨的問(wèn)題。
除此之外，二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)，人口流動(dòng)性日益增大。隨著家庭遠(yuǎn)離穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)、多年的朋友。大家庭的種種關(guān)系，非正式的信息交流被切斷了。同時(shí)在需要時(shí)就能得到可靠可信的信息的信心也隨之喪失了。關(guān)于生活最基本的方方面面的信息的無(wú)意識(shí)交流也被切斷。因此，曾經(jīng)在大家庭內(nèi)部通過(guò)日常交流就可下意識(shí)學(xué)到的東西，現(xiàn)在卻要有意識(shí)地去學(xué)。
除了當(dāng)今的社會(huì)變化之外，還有信息量巨大的問(wèn)題。今天，個(gè)人可獲得的信息比任何時(shí)代的人都多，而要找到一條與自己?jiǎn)栴}相關(guān)的信息既復(fù)雜又耗時(shí)，有時(shí)甚至相當(dāng)困難。
伴隨著信息量不斷增長(zhǎng)的是技術(shù)的發(fā)展，這些技術(shù)使得人們能夠比過(guò)去以更快的速度往更多的地方儲(chǔ)存和發(fā)送更多的信息，這在以前是不可能的。計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)使人們可以把大量的數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存到機(jī)讀文件里，還能通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)編程找到某一信息。電信技術(shù)的發(fā)展使人們可能通過(guò)電視、無(wú)線電傳送信息，不久之后，通過(guò)電子郵件發(fā)送的大量信息，將對(duì)人們實(shí)施信息轟炸。人造衛(wèi)星拓展了通訊能力，可以對(duì)事件進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道。通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議，專家知識(shí)能在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題也能被解決，同時(shí)人們也不必放下工作、別離家人，大老遠(yuǎn)去開會(huì)了。技術(shù)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了信息分享、信息存儲(chǔ)和信息傳遞，這就使更多的人得到更多的信息。
在這個(gè)多變而又復(fù)雜的世界里，對(duì)信息的要求最為重要。那些擁有準(zhǔn)確、可信、最新信息并用來(lái)解決日常問(wèn)題、工作中的重要問(wèn)題以及社會(huì)和家庭問(wèn)題的人就能生存下去并取得成功?！爸R(shí)就是力量”是再正確不過(guò)了，獲取信息也許是所有人最迫切的要求。
In such a changing , complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned .
Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated , time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information .Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing , and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity , the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate , reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
9. The word "it" （line 3, para. 2）most probably refers to__.
（A）the lack of stable communities
（B）the breakdown of informal information channels
（C）the increased mobility of families
（D）the growing number of people moving from place to place
10. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the fact that__.
（A）they have to learn new things consciously
（B）they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
（C）they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
（D）they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.
11 . From the passage we can infer that__.
（A）electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages
（B）it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era
（C）people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences
（D）events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites
12. We can learn from the last paragraph that __.
（A）it is necessary to obtain as much
（B）people should make the best use of the information
（C）we should realize the importance of accumulating information .
（D）it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
Unit 2（1995）Part 3
重點(diǎn)詞匯：
subconsciously（下意識(shí)地）←sub下+conscious有意識(shí)的+ly。
stockpile（v.n.積蓄，貯存）←stock存儲(chǔ)+pile堆積。
expertise（專門知識(shí)）←expert專家+ise后綴，“專家所掌握的東西”。
Participant（參與者）即Parti+cip+ant，Parti（=Part），cip（=cap）抓，-ant后綴表人，“抓取部分東西的人”→參與分享的人→參與者。參Participation（參加；分享）。
facilitate （使便利）即fac+il（e）+itate，fac=fic詞根“做”，-ile后綴“易于……的”，-itate動(dòng)詞后綴，“使易于做的”→使便利。名詞形式為facility（熟練）；facilities（設(shè)施；便利條件）。It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.如果你再合作一點(diǎn)的話，事情就變得更容易了。
breakdown（n.崩潰；故障）←break+down。a nervous breakdown 神經(jīng)衰弱。
dominant ?（支配的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的）←domin+ant，domin詞根“支配”，-ant后綴。
難句解析：
①M(fèi)any of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.
本句的主干是Many life's problems... are beyond the capability...。problems后面是一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，而capability后面也是修飾成分。
首先要理解be beyond the capability的意思。在考研的閱讀中beyond引導(dǎo)的各種短語(yǔ)層出不窮，這里的意思是“在……的能力之外”。另外，extended family是指“擴(kuò)展型家庭，幾代同堂或者是包含各種親戚關(guān)系的家庭”。
②Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
本句的主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)Where to turn for expert information和how to determine which expert advice to accept構(gòu)成，表語(yǔ)是questions，后面的facing many people today修飾questions。
首先要注意斷句，再看清復(fù)雜的主語(yǔ)就能夠理解本句的意思，另外注意turn for相當(dāng)于ask for。
③As families move away from their stable commUnity, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
本句較難，首先應(yīng)該看到主句就是the informal flow of information is cut off，前面的部分是一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的伴隨/原因從句，而在主句后面的只是一個(gè)名詞性的詞組，其核心詞是the confidence，前面的with it是個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾the confidence，后面的that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable只不過(guò)是the confidence的同位語(yǔ)，為了方便理解，我們也可以在句末的地方加一個(gè)“is gone”，這樣就可以把主句后面的部分理解為一個(gè)句子：the confidence is gone。
首先要看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，另外注意and with it the confidence中的it指代的是整個(gè)主句the informal flow of information is cut off。
④Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
本句的主干就是things... must be consciously learned。things后面有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并且注意subconsciously與consciously之間的對(duì)比。
⑤The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
本句由兩個(gè)并列的子句構(gòu)成，之間以and連接。前面的有一個(gè)more... than...的結(jié)構(gòu)，而后面的主干是the task is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming。主語(yǔ)task后面的介詞of的賓語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)。
看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以把它一分為二，同時(shí)注意最后的三個(gè)形容詞有一定的遞進(jìn)意味。另外注意that one piece of information中的that用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)one piece of information。
⑥Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mails to bombard people with multitudes of messages.
本句的主語(yǔ)是telecommunications developments，謂語(yǔ)是enable，主要應(yīng)該看清e(cuò)nable的賓語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)并列成分：the sending of messages via television，radio和very shortly, electronic mails to bombard people with multitudes of messages。
本句的閱讀重點(diǎn)在斷句，一定不能把television，radio，electronic mails看成是介詞via的三個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)。如果這樣理解，那么后面的題目是做不對(duì)的。另外，雖然bombard一詞超綱，我們通過(guò)其基本詞形與bomb類似也能猜出其意思。
⑦Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the Participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
本句由兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相仿的子句用and連接而成，它們的結(jié)構(gòu)都是sth. can be done。后面的部分有一個(gè)介詞without結(jié)構(gòu)，比較復(fù)雜。
注意看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，里面一些詞匯如expertise（專家知識(shí)），teleconferencing（遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議）等，我們都可以用構(gòu)詞法把其意思推出來(lái)。
⑧"Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
本句由兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相仿的子句用and連接而成，前面一個(gè)的主語(yǔ)是個(gè)從句Knowledge is power，后面的主語(yǔ)是access to information。
注意看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)注意斷句。
試題解析：
9．【正確答案】[B]
第二段指出，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，人口的流動(dòng)性（mobility）變大，一個(gè)家庭離開了自己原來(lái)的居住區(qū)，離開了多年的朋友，不再住在大家庭里（extended family指：三世或四世同堂的家庭），這樣，對(duì)這個(gè)家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，日常的（informal）信息交流沒(méi)有了（is cut off）。隨著日常的信息交流渠道的消失（the breakdown of informal information channels），人們的信心也沒(méi)有了：他們過(guò)去相信需要時(shí)總能得到可信可靠的信息。
A意為：社會(huì)缺乏穩(wěn)定。C意為：家庭增加了流動(dòng)性。D意為：越來(lái)越多的人流動(dòng)不定?？梢?，[A]、[C]、[D]表達(dá)的內(nèi)容近似，因此，都不對(duì)。而且，如果它們中任何一個(gè)正確，那么，原文句中the confidence就要從肯定方面理解，即：人口的流動(dòng)性使人們更有信心……，這顯然與原文第二段表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是相矛盾的。
10．【正確答案】 [C]
意為：他們對(duì)所需的信息不能唾手可得。readily在此不是“有準(zhǔn)備地”之意，而是“隨時(shí)隨地”之意。原文第二段指出，隨著社會(huì)的流動(dòng)性，人們間的日常的信息交流不存在了。過(guò)去一些生活的最基本方面（the simplest aspects）的信息交流幾乎是不自覺(jué)（或無(wú)意識(shí)）地（unconscious）進(jìn)行的，但是現(xiàn)在卻不行了，過(guò)去下意識(shí)地（subconsciously）——隨處隨時(shí)地——可以通過(guò)大家庭內(nèi)部的日常（casual）交流所了解到的（learn）信息現(xiàn)在必須有意識(shí)地去了解（或獲得）。第二段指出，除了社會(huì)的變化以外，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)信息的積累量（stockpile）大增，這使得尋找相關(guān)信息的過(guò)程變得更繁瑣，更花時(shí)間（time-consuming），有時(shí)也很迫切。第三段的最后一句在總結(jié)全段時(shí)也指出：技術(shù)使更多的人可以利用更多的信息。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是信息量，并非信息隨時(shí)隨處可得。
A意為：他們不得不有意識(shí)地去了解新事物。這不是一個(gè)“問(wèn)題”，甚至不是主要（main）問(wèn)題，這僅是指他們了解信息的方式。B意為：現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)狈Λ@得可靠信息的信心。原文只是說(shuō)：隨著日常交流的缺乏，過(guò)去唾手可得的可靠信息不得不經(jīng)過(guò)其他途徑（如：技術(shù)手段）去獲得了?？梢?，[B]表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與原文表達(dá)的內(nèi)容并不相符。D意為：他們幾乎不能同大家庭進(jìn)行日常交流了。如果這是一個(gè)問(wèn)題的話，這也絕對(duì)不是主要問(wèn)題。而且，這句話說(shuō)得不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，太絕對(duì)化?？紤]這個(gè)題時(shí)請(qǐng)考生參閱第9題題解。
11．【正確答案】 [A]
第四段第三句指出，隨著電信事業(yè)的發(fā)展，通過(guò)電視、無(wú)線電并將在不久的將來(lái)（very shortly）通過(guò)電子郵件的方式所傳遞的信息數(shù)以千計(jì)地送到人們手上。該句中，bombard一詞原義為“轟炸”、“連珠炮式地落向”，這里用于比喻量大。multitudes of也指“大量的”。A意為：電子郵件（electronic mail）不久將成為傳遞信息的主要（dominant）手段。
B意為：在信息時(shí)代（era），保守秘密愈難。信息傳遞媒介的增加與保守秘密沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，而且，文中任何地方都未暗示這一點(diǎn)。C意為：開會(huì)時(shí)間會(huì)減少（也可以理解為：開會(huì)次數(shù)會(huì)減少）。第四段第五句指出，（遠(yuǎn)距離）電話會(huì)議可以使人相互交流（專門）知識(shí)（expertise），解決問(wèn)題無(wú)需再采用將各地的人聚在一起的會(huì)議形式?？梢姡@里只是說(shuō)會(huì)議開得更方便，并未說(shuō)開短會(huì)或少開會(huì)。D意為：事件報(bào)道將主要采用衛(wèi)星直播形式。原文第四句指出，衛(wèi)星的使用擴(kuò)大了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)（at the instance of occurrence）直播事件的力度。
12．【正確答案】 [D]
在最后一段作者指出，當(dāng)今世界是一個(gè)多變、復(fù)雜的世界，信息對(duì)人至關(guān)重要（of greastest importance）。人們要學(xué)會(huì)利用準(zhǔn)確、可靠、最新的（up-to-date）信息來(lái)解決的日常（day-to-day）問(wèn)題以及他們工作和社會(huì)交往、家庭生活中的重大（critical）問(wèn)題，只有這樣的人才能生存、才能成功。“知識(shí)就是力量”這樣的說(shuō)法再正確不過(guò)了，學(xué)會(huì)掌握信息（access to information）是對(duì)所有人的一個(gè)最重要要求。D意為：有效地掌握所需信息至關(guān)重要。
A意為：應(yīng)盡量多地獲取信息。這里只強(qiáng)調(diào)了信息的量，卻未強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的質(zhì)（如：準(zhǔn)確、可靠、最新）。實(shí)際上，正因?yàn)樾畔⒌牧吭龃罅?，才需要人們學(xué)會(huì)找出所需的信息，這才是這一段所主要說(shuō)明的。B意為：人們應(yīng)充分利用可得到的（accessible）信息。正如我們?cè)诜治霰绢}時(shí)所一再指出的，本段所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是善于獲得信息的重要性（如，在本段三句話中，作者使用了如下措詞：the need for information〈第一句主句〉，who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information, access to information〈第三句后半句主語(yǔ)〉。C意為：我們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到積累信息的重要性。這也不對(duì)，參閱本題對(duì)選擇項(xiàng)[A]的分析。
全文翻譯：
在這樣一個(gè)不斷變化的復(fù)雜社會(huì)里，以前簡(jiǎn)單地獲取信息的方法變得復(fù)雜了。許多請(qǐng)教家人、朋友或同事便能解決的生活問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在卻超出了大家庭的能力范圍。去哪兒尋找專家信息，如何確定接受哪條專家建議成了當(dāng)今許多人面臨的問(wèn)題。
除此之外，二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)，人口流動(dòng)性日益增大。隨著家庭遠(yuǎn)離穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)、多年的朋友。大家庭的種種關(guān)系，非正式的信息交流被切斷了。同時(shí)在需要時(shí)就能得到可靠可信的信息的信心也隨之喪失了。關(guān)于生活最基本的方方面面的信息的無(wú)意識(shí)交流也被切斷。因此，曾經(jīng)在大家庭內(nèi)部通過(guò)日常交流就可下意識(shí)學(xué)到的東西，現(xiàn)在卻要有意識(shí)地去學(xué)。
除了當(dāng)今的社會(huì)變化之外，還有信息量巨大的問(wèn)題。今天，個(gè)人可獲得的信息比任何時(shí)代的人都多，而要找到一條與自己?jiǎn)栴}相關(guān)的信息既復(fù)雜又耗時(shí)，有時(shí)甚至相當(dāng)困難。
伴隨著信息量不斷增長(zhǎng)的是技術(shù)的發(fā)展，這些技術(shù)使得人們能夠比過(guò)去以更快的速度往更多的地方儲(chǔ)存和發(fā)送更多的信息，這在以前是不可能的。計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)使人們可以把大量的數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存到機(jī)讀文件里，還能通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)編程找到某一信息。電信技術(shù)的發(fā)展使人們可能通過(guò)電視、無(wú)線電傳送信息，不久之后，通過(guò)電子郵件發(fā)送的大量信息，將對(duì)人們實(shí)施信息轟炸。人造衛(wèi)星拓展了通訊能力，可以對(duì)事件進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道。通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議，專家知識(shí)能在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題也能被解決，同時(shí)人們也不必放下工作、別離家人，大老遠(yuǎn)去開會(huì)了。技術(shù)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了信息分享、信息存儲(chǔ)和信息傳遞，這就使更多的人得到更多的信息。
在這個(gè)多變而又復(fù)雜的世界里，對(duì)信息的要求最為重要。那些擁有準(zhǔn)確、可信、最新信息并用來(lái)解決日常問(wèn)題、工作中的重要問(wèn)題以及社會(huì)和家庭問(wèn)題的人就能生存下去并取得成功?！爸R(shí)就是力量”是再正確不過(guò)了，獲取信息也許是所有人最迫切的要求。