專四模擬試題附參考答案(3)3

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    PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]
    In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
    Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
    Text A
     A twenty-year-old immigrant, Levi Strauss, came to the United States in 1850 to seek his fortune in the gold fields. But strangely enough, this man made his fortune on heavy canvas that he found suitable for working clothes. Strauss's jeans were particularly good for prospectors and cowboys. In the early days of jeans, this man couldn't have guessed that his pants, made only for rough work, would become so popular at all levels of society. Yes, this is a fact: jeans have become fashionable in our society. Furthermore, these pants have come to symbolize changes in social attitude.
     In the last decade or two we have seen movements toward equality as well as defiance of authority. Jeans, now worn by everybody, can be said to symbolize these changes for the better. In the past, only men wore jeans, and these men were at the bottom—socially and economically. Jeans were worn by truck drivers, farm and factory workers. Today, jeans no longer are looked down upon. They are worn by both men and women, by both skilled and unskilled workers, by both employees and employers. This common way of dressing symbolizes respect for individuality, no matter what your occupation or sex. In the fight against authority, young people have been the leaders. So it is natural that teenagers would defy parents and school administrators over the right to wear jeans to class and win. Jeans are the typical dress of civil rights marchers, fans at rock concerts, “hippies” returning to nature, and serious college students.
     Because everyone can be comfortable in them, the blue jeans invented for the use of workers are now accepted almost anywhere, anytime. This is true not only in the United States, but in many other countries in the world. I strongly agree with the following statement: “Old or new, glorified or plain, jeans are likely to be around for a long time to come. Already they have succeeded where statesmanship has failed. Although unable to speak the same language, the inhabitants of this embattled planet have at least agreed to wear the same pants.”
    81. Jeans, originally designed by Levi Strauss,     .
     A. have become a symbol of the fashionable class
     B. have come to symbolize changes in social attitude
     C. are suitable wear for rough work only
     D. are no longer so popular as they used to be
     82. What is implied but not directly stated in the passage is that    .
     A. young people have been the leaders in the fight against authority
     B. today, jeans are no longer looked down upon
     C. jeans are the typical dress of civil rights marchers
     D. formerly students were not allowed to wear jeans to class
     83. The author is of the opinion that    .
     A. jeans are likely to be a short-lived fashion
     B. jeans are popular only in the United States
     C. jeans are likely to be popular for a long time to come
     D. jeans are no longer fashionable
     84. The last two sentences imply that    .
     A. statesmen in the world are less competent than jeans
     B. the inhabitants of the world should speak the same language
     C. statesmen have failed to reach agreement on many major issues of the world
     D. jeans will help statesmen to reach agreement on some world issues
    Text B
    Studies of children’s acquisition of language suggest that the faculty of language includes an inborn knowledge of the formal principles of language structure, a knowledge that depends on generically determined portions of (usually) that left cerebral (大腦的) hemisphere.Although it is well established that the left hemisphere is specialized for language, one cannot say that language is “l(fā)ocated” in this or that part of the hemisphere. What is known is that language discorders are the results of lesions (損傷) in the left hemisphere. Disorders of language resulting from damage to the brain are called aphasias (失語癥).
    The anterior(前面的)portion of the “l(fā)anguage area” is termed Broca’s area. Lesions in this area interfere with the motor(運動原)and articulatory aspects of language.Speech is slow,labored,grammatically incorrect,and telegraphic;in extreme cases,it may be impossible to carry out.Writing is likewise severely impaired.Comprehension of the spoken or written word,however,may be unimpaired or nearly so.(It is interesting to note that under emotional stress,a patient with Broca’s aphasia may be temporarily fluent.)Because Broca’s area is close to the motor cortex(腦皮層),if the former is damaged,the latter is often damaged simultaneously.Hence,such patients often suffer form weakness or paralysis of the right side of the body.Similar lesions in the right hemisphere will cause a left-sided weakness of paralysis but will have no effect on language.
     Damage to the posterior (后面的) portion of the “l(fā)anguage area, ” especially to Wernick’s area, results in a loss of comprehension of the spoken word and often of the written word. The patient’s native language is now like a foreign language. In addition, the patient’s speech is rapid and well-articulated, but without meaning. Writing is defective, and words that are heard cannot be repeated, although hearing itself is completely normal. Similar lesions in the right hemisphere usually have no effect on language.
     Injuries to the “l(fā)anguage area” in children result in severe aphasias, but the development of language mechanism in the right hemisphere can often compensate for them to an extraordinary degree. This potential function of the right hemisphere is probably normally suppressed by the left hemisphere. In adults, aphasias from similar lesions are often permanent.
     85.The author is primarily concerned with     .
     A. describing the process of language acquisition
     B. explaining potential treatment of language defects
     C. showing the importance of the left hemisphere of the brain to language mechanisms
     D. depicting various means of diagnosing language defects
     86.Unlike a patient with Wernicke’s aphasia, a patient with Broca’s aphasia can     .
     A. comprehend written but not spoken language
     B. hear and read with comprehension
     C. speak articulately and also comprehend spoken language
     D. write and speak readily and coherently
     87.According to the passage,which of the following statements about the right hemisphere of the brain is accurate?
     A. It has the potential to serve as a “l(fā)anguage area”.
     B. It controls the ability to comprehend but not the ability to speak a language
     C. If it is damaged, gross motor control of the right side of the body may be affected.
     D. It is the right where Wernick’s area is located.
     88.It can be inferred that aphasias in adults often result in permanent damage because     .
     A. much memory is lost
     B. adults have more trouble learning a foreign language
     C. the right hemisphere is no longer as adaptable as it once was.
     D. brain cells in adults are especially vulnerable to infection
     89.It can be inferred that the author bases his description on     .
     A. clinical studies of instances of damage to the brain
     B. studies of language development in children without brain damage
     C. microscopic examination of the brain structure
     D. examples of the integration of the left and right hemispheres