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The world's first treaty aimed at cutting tobacco-related deaths has come into force. The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control becomes legally binding upon countries that have ratified the landmark agreement.
全球第一個力求減少與香煙有關(guān)的死亡的條約《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》開始生效。對正式批準(zhǔn)條約的國家來說，這項國際公約具有法律約束力。
The World Health Organization says it believes the Tobacco Convention, the world's first international public health treaty, could save millions of lives. The WHO says tobacco is the second leading cause of preventable deaths globally after hypertension.
世界衛(wèi)生組織說，他們相信，做為全球第一個國際公共衛(wèi)生條約，這項煙草控制公約將拯救數(shù)百萬人的生命。世衛(wèi)組織說，在全球可預(yù)防的死亡原因當(dāng)中，煙草排名第二，僅次于高血壓。
The WHO estimates that nearly five million people die prematurely every year from tobacco-related diseases. If current smoking trends are not reversed, the WHO warns by 2020, tobacco will kill 10 million people a year, 70 percent of them in developing countries.
世衛(wèi)組織估計，每年有將近500萬人因?yàn)榕c煙草有關(guān)的疾病而提早結(jié)束生命。世衛(wèi)組織警告說，如果目前吸煙的趨勢不變，到2020年每年將有一千萬人因此而死，其中70%會在發(fā)展中國家。
The coordinator of the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Douglas Bettcher, says the treaty is a tool that, if properly implemented, can curb the global tobacco epidemic.
《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》的協(xié)調(diào)人道格拉斯·貝徹說，如果這個條約得到適當(dāng)?shù)呢瀼?，它將能夠遏制全球性的吸煙成?zāi)現(xiàn)象。
"It is an historical moment and we are very confident that this treaty is going to save lives," said Douglas Bettcher. "It has already started off a powerful process globally and we are very confident that it is going to continue to do so and it is going to prove itself as a very effective public health tool to really curb this unacceptable burden of disease and death."
他說：“這是個歷史性的時刻，我們充份相信這項條約將拯救生命。條約已經(jīng)在全球開啟了一個很有影響力的進(jìn)程，我們充份相信這樣的影響還會持續(xù)。而且條約將自我證明，表明它是一個有效的公共衛(wèi)生工具，真正能夠抑制這種令人無法接受的疾病和死亡負(fù)擔(dān)?！?BR> In all, 167 countries have signed the treaty. But, it is legally binding only for the 57 countries that have ratified it. The treaty sets standards and guidelines for tobacco advertising, pricing and smuggling. It also aims to limit non-smokers' exposure to other people's smoke.
總共有167個國家簽署了條約，不過，只有57個 國家已經(jīng)正式批準(zhǔn)條約，煙草控制公約只在這五十幾個國家內(nèi)具有法律約束力。條約訂定了有關(guān)香煙廣告、價格和走私等的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和準(zhǔn)則，同時還保護(hù)不吸煙者少受吸煙者的污染。
Anti-tobacco activists are concerned that the treaty will be weakened because powerful countries such as the United States and China have not yet ratified it. However, they point out that some of the largest tobacco growers, such as India, as well as big cigarette-producing countries, such as Britain and Turkey, have become part of the treaty.
反煙活動人士擔(dān)憂，由于美國和中國等大國尚未批準(zhǔn)條約，它的影響力將逐漸減弱。但是他們指出，英國和土耳其等部份主要煙草生產(chǎn)國已經(jīng)成為執(zhí)行條約國的一員。
The director of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative, Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva says treaty provisions aim to dissuade children from smoking and helping adults to kick the habit.
“世界衛(wèi)生組織無煙行動”負(fù)責(zé)人達(dá)·科斯塔說，這個條約的內(nèi)容包括勸阻兒童吸煙以及協(xié)助成人戒煙。
"The ban of advertising so as not to promote smoking propaganda, publicity, sponsorship and promotion," said Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva. "Measures to raise taxes and prices. One of the most important measures that I can describe is the measure that addresses smuggling, which is a big cause of increasing availability of cigarettes with small prices and cigarettes of totally unknown origin."
她說：“廣告禁令是為了阻止散播有關(guān)吸煙的宣傳、公關(guān)、贊助和促銷，還有一些提高稅收和價格的措施。我能想到的其中最重要的措施之一是針對走私而來。目前有越來越多的價格便宜以及來路不明的香煙在市場上流動，走私是其一大原因。”
WHO officials accuse the tobacco industry of trying to subvert the treaty by pressuring countries not to ratify it. Leading tobacco companies, such as British-American Tobacco and Philip Morris, deny these charges. They are on record as saying that they believe the treaty is important and they support it.
世界衛(wèi)生組織官員指責(zé)煙草工業(yè)試圖向各國政府施壓，要各國不要批準(zhǔn)條約。主要的煙草公司，例如英美煙草集團(tuán)以及菲利普·莫里斯公司則否認(rèn)這一指控。煙草公司的公開立場是，他們相信這項條約非常重要，而且也支持條約。
The world's first treaty aimed at cutting tobacco-related deaths has come into force. The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control becomes legally binding upon countries that have ratified the landmark agreement.
全球第一個力求減少與香煙有關(guān)的死亡的條約《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》開始生效。對正式批準(zhǔn)條約的國家來說，這項國際公約具有法律約束力。
The World Health Organization says it believes the Tobacco Convention, the world's first international public health treaty, could save millions of lives. The WHO says tobacco is the second leading cause of preventable deaths globally after hypertension.
世界衛(wèi)生組織說，他們相信，做為全球第一個國際公共衛(wèi)生條約，這項煙草控制公約將拯救數(shù)百萬人的生命。世衛(wèi)組織說，在全球可預(yù)防的死亡原因當(dāng)中，煙草排名第二，僅次于高血壓。
The WHO estimates that nearly five million people die prematurely every year from tobacco-related diseases. If current smoking trends are not reversed, the WHO warns by 2020, tobacco will kill 10 million people a year, 70 percent of them in developing countries.
世衛(wèi)組織估計，每年有將近500萬人因?yàn)榕c煙草有關(guān)的疾病而提早結(jié)束生命。世衛(wèi)組織警告說，如果目前吸煙的趨勢不變，到2020年每年將有一千萬人因此而死，其中70%會在發(fā)展中國家。
The coordinator of the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Douglas Bettcher, says the treaty is a tool that, if properly implemented, can curb the global tobacco epidemic.
《世界衛(wèi)生組織煙草控制框架公約》的協(xié)調(diào)人道格拉斯·貝徹說，如果這個條約得到適當(dāng)?shù)呢瀼?，它將能夠遏制全球性的吸煙成?zāi)現(xiàn)象。
"It is an historical moment and we are very confident that this treaty is going to save lives," said Douglas Bettcher. "It has already started off a powerful process globally and we are very confident that it is going to continue to do so and it is going to prove itself as a very effective public health tool to really curb this unacceptable burden of disease and death."
他說：“這是個歷史性的時刻，我們充份相信這項條約將拯救生命。條約已經(jīng)在全球開啟了一個很有影響力的進(jìn)程，我們充份相信這樣的影響還會持續(xù)。而且條約將自我證明，表明它是一個有效的公共衛(wèi)生工具，真正能夠抑制這種令人無法接受的疾病和死亡負(fù)擔(dān)?！?BR> In all, 167 countries have signed the treaty. But, it is legally binding only for the 57 countries that have ratified it. The treaty sets standards and guidelines for tobacco advertising, pricing and smuggling. It also aims to limit non-smokers' exposure to other people's smoke.
總共有167個國家簽署了條約，不過，只有57個 國家已經(jīng)正式批準(zhǔn)條約，煙草控制公約只在這五十幾個國家內(nèi)具有法律約束力。條約訂定了有關(guān)香煙廣告、價格和走私等的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和準(zhǔn)則，同時還保護(hù)不吸煙者少受吸煙者的污染。
Anti-tobacco activists are concerned that the treaty will be weakened because powerful countries such as the United States and China have not yet ratified it. However, they point out that some of the largest tobacco growers, such as India, as well as big cigarette-producing countries, such as Britain and Turkey, have become part of the treaty.
反煙活動人士擔(dān)憂，由于美國和中國等大國尚未批準(zhǔn)條約，它的影響力將逐漸減弱。但是他們指出，英國和土耳其等部份主要煙草生產(chǎn)國已經(jīng)成為執(zhí)行條約國的一員。
The director of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative, Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva says treaty provisions aim to dissuade children from smoking and helping adults to kick the habit.
“世界衛(wèi)生組織無煙行動”負(fù)責(zé)人達(dá)·科斯塔說，這個條約的內(nèi)容包括勸阻兒童吸煙以及協(xié)助成人戒煙。
"The ban of advertising so as not to promote smoking propaganda, publicity, sponsorship and promotion," said Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva. "Measures to raise taxes and prices. One of the most important measures that I can describe is the measure that addresses smuggling, which is a big cause of increasing availability of cigarettes with small prices and cigarettes of totally unknown origin."
她說：“廣告禁令是為了阻止散播有關(guān)吸煙的宣傳、公關(guān)、贊助和促銷，還有一些提高稅收和價格的措施。我能想到的其中最重要的措施之一是針對走私而來。目前有越來越多的價格便宜以及來路不明的香煙在市場上流動，走私是其一大原因。”
WHO officials accuse the tobacco industry of trying to subvert the treaty by pressuring countries not to ratify it. Leading tobacco companies, such as British-American Tobacco and Philip Morris, deny these charges. They are on record as saying that they believe the treaty is important and they support it.
世界衛(wèi)生組織官員指責(zé)煙草工業(yè)試圖向各國政府施壓，要各國不要批準(zhǔn)條約。主要的煙草公司，例如英美煙草集團(tuán)以及菲利普·莫里斯公司則否認(rèn)這一指控。煙草公司的公開立場是，他們相信這項條約非常重要，而且也支持條約。