International Counter-trade
國際對銷貿(mào)易
Counter-trade is an 'umbrella' (general) term covering all forms of trade whereby a seller (e.g. an exporter) or an assignee is required to accepted goods or services from the buyer (e.g. the importer or the importing country) as either full or partial payment. International counter-trade is a practice whereby a supplier commits contractually as a condition of sale to reciprocate and undertake certain specified commercial initiatives that compensate and benefit the buyer. While the manner in which the transaction is structured and the assets are exchanged may vary in different compensatory transactions such as barter, buyback, counter-purchase, and offset the distinctive feature of these arrangements is the mandatory performance element that is either required by the importer or is made necessary by competitive considerations. It is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies. It is then often associated with policy objectives in these economies.
[參考譯文]
對銷貿(mào)易是所有要求賣方(即出口商)或受委托人接受買方(即進口商或進口國)商品和勞務作為全部或部分支付款項的貿(mào)易術(shù)語總稱. 國際對銷貿(mào)易的作法是,供應商以協(xié)議的形式承諾,作為銷售條件,互惠交換貨品,并承擔規(guī)定的商業(yè)性主動行為,給買方以補償和利益.雖然這種組織交易和交換資材的作法因不同的補償貿(mào)易形式如易貨貿(mào)易,回購,互購和抵消而異,但這些協(xié)議的一個特征是其強制性實行的成分,即:或是進口商要求,或是處于競爭因素考慮而必須為之. 對銷貿(mào)易是欠發(fā)達國家和中央經(jīng)濟計劃國家常使用的一種特殊形式的交易,一般與這些國家的經(jīng)濟政策緊密相連。
國際對銷貿(mào)易
Counter-trade is an 'umbrella' (general) term covering all forms of trade whereby a seller (e.g. an exporter) or an assignee is required to accepted goods or services from the buyer (e.g. the importer or the importing country) as either full or partial payment. International counter-trade is a practice whereby a supplier commits contractually as a condition of sale to reciprocate and undertake certain specified commercial initiatives that compensate and benefit the buyer. While the manner in which the transaction is structured and the assets are exchanged may vary in different compensatory transactions such as barter, buyback, counter-purchase, and offset the distinctive feature of these arrangements is the mandatory performance element that is either required by the importer or is made necessary by competitive considerations. It is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies. It is then often associated with policy objectives in these economies.
[參考譯文]
對銷貿(mào)易是所有要求賣方(即出口商)或受委托人接受買方(即進口商或進口國)商品和勞務作為全部或部分支付款項的貿(mào)易術(shù)語總稱. 國際對銷貿(mào)易的作法是,供應商以協(xié)議的形式承諾,作為銷售條件,互惠交換貨品,并承擔規(guī)定的商業(yè)性主動行為,給買方以補償和利益.雖然這種組織交易和交換資材的作法因不同的補償貿(mào)易形式如易貨貿(mào)易,回購,互購和抵消而異,但這些協(xié)議的一個特征是其強制性實行的成分,即:或是進口商要求,或是處于競爭因素考慮而必須為之. 對銷貿(mào)易是欠發(fā)達國家和中央經(jīng)濟計劃國家常使用的一種特殊形式的交易,一般與這些國家的經(jīng)濟政策緊密相連。