本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which， taken together， make up the whole vocabulary.
class在本句中的意思是“種類(lèi)”，相當(dāng)于type， category.如：
1）It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.
（要滿足各種讀者的需要十分困難）
2）How many classes are you going to divide these books？ （你打算把這些書(shū)分成幾類(lèi)？）
class 還常用來(lái)表示“等級(jí)”，如：a second-class hotel （二等旅館）；
an economy-class ticket （經(jīng)濟(jì)艙票）；fly first class （乘頭等艙航空旅行）。
class 也可以用動(dòng)詞用，意思是“把 …分類(lèi)；把…看作”，如：
1）At 19 you are still classed as a teenager.（到了十九歲，你仍舊是青少年。）
2）He was classed as a genius （他被看作為天才）
make up 在本句中的意思是“組成、構(gòu)成”，請(qǐng)看例句：
1）Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class （二十六名男生和二十四名女生組成了這個(gè)班）
2）Twelve doctors made up the medical team （十二名醫(yī)生組成醫(yī)療隊(duì)）
用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)則應(yīng)用be made up of，如：
This engine is made up of 490 parts （這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是由四百九十個(gè)部件裝配而成的）
taken together 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，對(duì)中心詞做一些附加說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，要用逗號(hào)和中心詞隔開(kāi)，如：
All the letters in the drawer， written in pencil， are from my brother.（抽屜里的這些用鉛筆寫(xiě)的信都是我弟弟寫(xiě)的。）
2. First，there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation，which we learn，that is to say，from the members of our own family and from our friends，and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write.
句子中which引導(dǎo)的都是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾中心詞words.第一個(gè)which的前面有介詞with，這兒的with是familiar with中的介詞前置了。Familiar with 意為“熟悉”。如：Are you familiar with the man standing over there？（站在那邊的那個(gè)人你熟悉嗎？）
請(qǐng)注意familiar with 與familiar to 的區(qū)別，familiar with 的主語(yǔ)通常是人，而familiar to的主語(yǔ)通常是物。如：
1）I am not familiar with this place.
2）This place is mot familiar to me.
that is to say 是插入語(yǔ)，其作用是對(duì)整個(gè)一句話進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)?lèi)似的插入語(yǔ)還有so to speak， if I may say so， if you don't mind等等，如：
1）I'd really rather not go， if you don't mind 我確實(shí)不想去，你如果不介意的話。
2）The new emperor was， so to speak， a puppet.新皇帝可以說(shuō)是個(gè)傀儡。
3.They concern the common things of life， and are the stock in trade of who speak the language concern 在句中的意思是“涉及，有關(guān)于”，如：
1）Don't interfere in things that don't concern you （別干預(yù)跟你無(wú)關(guān)的事）。
2）The energy problem concerns us all （能源問(wèn)題關(guān)系到我們每個(gè)人）
stock的意思很多，如“存貨”，“股票”，“公債券”，“牲畜”等。
1）They hold a rich stock of information （他們掌握著豐富的材料）
2）You cannot buy it because it's out of stock （你買(mǎi)不成了，貨品已經(jīng)脫銷(xiāo)）
3）He used to have a stock farm （他曾經(jīng)擁有一個(gè)畜牧場(chǎng)）
4）The fridge was carefully stocked up with food.（冰箱里周到地放滿了食品）
stock in trade 也可以寫(xiě)成stock in trade，意思是“例行工作”，“常規(guī)”，如：
1）Complaints were a stock in trade of an airport manager's job （機(jī)場(chǎng)經(jīng)理的工作就是常常面對(duì)投訴）
2）He was the master of black humor， it was his stock in trade （他是黑色幽默大師，黑色幽默是他的專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)）
4.Such words may be called “popular”， since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only.
since 在句中引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，請(qǐng)看例句：
1）Since it was Saturday， he got up very late （因?yàn)槭侵芰?，他起床很晚。?BR> 2）You can take the place of him since he is not interested （你可以取代他，因?yàn)樗麑?duì)這事不感興趣）
at large 在本句中的意思是“整個(gè)”，這個(gè)詞組的意思還有很多，請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）The people at large love peace （大多數(shù)人熱愛(ài)和平）
2）The virus is still at large （這種病毒還在蔓延）
3）The murderer is still at large （殺人犯仍逍遙法外）
4）He talked at large about his plans （他詳盡地談了自己的計(jì)劃）
5）They made the arrangements at large （他們隨意地做了安排 ）
5. 請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別與possession 有關(guān)的兩個(gè)詞組：in possession of sth……和 in the possession of sb.
1）He is in possession of this house （他擁有這所房子）
2）The house is in the possession of him
3）On the other hand， our language includes large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.
英語(yǔ)中有許多表示啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的詞語(yǔ)，閱語(yǔ)中注意這些詞有助于我們提高理解力，寫(xiě)作中注意用這些詞，有助于我們把文章寫(xiě)得連貫、有條理。On the other hand 在本句中用來(lái)表示不同或相反的語(yǔ)氣，在前一段中講了popular word 這一段中作者則要講講learned words. 表示不同或相反語(yǔ)氣的詞還有很多，比如：Conversely， however， on the contrary， unlike， whereas， yet等等。
前面我們提到過(guò)number可以與可數(shù)名詞連用，而amount可與不可數(shù)名詞連用，如：
1）A large number of students have passed the exam （許多學(xué)生已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試）
2）They paid a large amount of money for the house （他們付了一大筆錢(qián)買(mǎi)了這座房子）
6.Their meanings are known to every educated person， but there is little occasion to use them at home
occasion 通常可以做可數(shù)名詞用，意思是“時(shí)刻、場(chǎng)合”；也可以做不可數(shù)名詞用，意思是：“必要性、需要；機(jī)會(huì)”。如：
1）They're met on several occasions （他們已相遇過(guò)好幾次）
2）They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。（有時(shí)候你會(huì)覺(jué)得說(shuō)“再見(jiàn)”很難。）
3）I don't remember I had occasion to blame him （我不記得我有責(zé)備他的必要）
7.In the latter，we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning
在前一句中用了“in the first case，” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .對(duì)兩件事分別進(jìn)行表述時(shí)，可以用in the first case， in the latter case 這一類(lèi)詞，條理非常清楚，也可以用the former，the latter 來(lái)表述。derivation 是derive 的名詞形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁語(yǔ)詞源的詞”，請(qǐng)看例句：
1）These words are derived from Latin （這些詞由拉丁語(yǔ)派生而來(lái)）
2）The derivation of words is interesting （詞的派生很有意思）
8. The terms “popular”and“l(fā)earned”，as applied to words，are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“術(shù)語(yǔ)、名稱(chēng)”，如：
1）I don't know how to put this term into Chinese （我不知道如何把這一術(shù)語(yǔ)譯成中文）
2）Writer is hardly the term to apply to him （“作家”這一名稱(chēng)很難用在他身上）
term 還有“期限；任期；學(xué)期”的意思，如：
1）During his 4-year term of office，he did a lot of things for the common people.
（在他四年的任職期間，他為普通百姓做了不少事。）
2）He decided to rum for a second term （他決定競(jìng)選連任。）
3）The autumn term is coming to an end （秋學(xué)期快要結(jié)束了。）
apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”，如：
1）This rule applies to upper class students only （這條規(guī)則只適用于高年級(jí)學(xué)生。）
2）I don't think what he says applies to you （我想他的話對(duì)你不適用）
3）They are eager to apply the theory to practice （他們急切地想把這一理論用于實(shí)踐）
apply for 則是“申請(qǐng)”的意思，如：
1）How many people have applied for the job？（有多少人申請(qǐng)了這個(gè)工作？）
2）They applied for permission to use the tennis court （他們申請(qǐng)使用網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)。）
1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which， taken together， make up the whole vocabulary.
class在本句中的意思是“種類(lèi)”，相當(dāng)于type， category.如：
1）It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.
（要滿足各種讀者的需要十分困難）
2）How many classes are you going to divide these books？ （你打算把這些書(shū)分成幾類(lèi)？）
class 還常用來(lái)表示“等級(jí)”，如：a second-class hotel （二等旅館）；
an economy-class ticket （經(jīng)濟(jì)艙票）；fly first class （乘頭等艙航空旅行）。
class 也可以用動(dòng)詞用，意思是“把 …分類(lèi)；把…看作”，如：
1）At 19 you are still classed as a teenager.（到了十九歲，你仍舊是青少年。）
2）He was classed as a genius （他被看作為天才）
make up 在本句中的意思是“組成、構(gòu)成”，請(qǐng)看例句：
1）Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class （二十六名男生和二十四名女生組成了這個(gè)班）
2）Twelve doctors made up the medical team （十二名醫(yī)生組成醫(yī)療隊(duì)）
用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)則應(yīng)用be made up of，如：
This engine is made up of 490 parts （這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是由四百九十個(gè)部件裝配而成的）
taken together 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，對(duì)中心詞做一些附加說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，要用逗號(hào)和中心詞隔開(kāi)，如：
All the letters in the drawer， written in pencil， are from my brother.（抽屜里的這些用鉛筆寫(xiě)的信都是我弟弟寫(xiě)的。）
2. First，there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation，which we learn，that is to say，from the members of our own family and from our friends，and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write.
句子中which引導(dǎo)的都是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾中心詞words.第一個(gè)which的前面有介詞with，這兒的with是familiar with中的介詞前置了。Familiar with 意為“熟悉”。如：Are you familiar with the man standing over there？（站在那邊的那個(gè)人你熟悉嗎？）
請(qǐng)注意familiar with 與familiar to 的區(qū)別，familiar with 的主語(yǔ)通常是人，而familiar to的主語(yǔ)通常是物。如：
1）I am not familiar with this place.
2）This place is mot familiar to me.
that is to say 是插入語(yǔ)，其作用是對(duì)整個(gè)一句話進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)?lèi)似的插入語(yǔ)還有so to speak， if I may say so， if you don't mind等等，如：
1）I'd really rather not go， if you don't mind 我確實(shí)不想去，你如果不介意的話。
2）The new emperor was， so to speak， a puppet.新皇帝可以說(shuō)是個(gè)傀儡。
3.They concern the common things of life， and are the stock in trade of who speak the language concern 在句中的意思是“涉及，有關(guān)于”，如：
1）Don't interfere in things that don't concern you （別干預(yù)跟你無(wú)關(guān)的事）。
2）The energy problem concerns us all （能源問(wèn)題關(guān)系到我們每個(gè)人）
stock的意思很多，如“存貨”，“股票”，“公債券”，“牲畜”等。
1）They hold a rich stock of information （他們掌握著豐富的材料）
2）You cannot buy it because it's out of stock （你買(mǎi)不成了，貨品已經(jīng)脫銷(xiāo)）
3）He used to have a stock farm （他曾經(jīng)擁有一個(gè)畜牧場(chǎng)）
4）The fridge was carefully stocked up with food.（冰箱里周到地放滿了食品）
stock in trade 也可以寫(xiě)成stock in trade，意思是“例行工作”，“常規(guī)”，如：
1）Complaints were a stock in trade of an airport manager's job （機(jī)場(chǎng)經(jīng)理的工作就是常常面對(duì)投訴）
2）He was the master of black humor， it was his stock in trade （他是黑色幽默大師，黑色幽默是他的專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)）
4.Such words may be called “popular”， since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only.
since 在句中引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，請(qǐng)看例句：
1）Since it was Saturday， he got up very late （因?yàn)槭侵芰?，他起床很晚。?BR> 2）You can take the place of him since he is not interested （你可以取代他，因?yàn)樗麑?duì)這事不感興趣）
at large 在本句中的意思是“整個(gè)”，這個(gè)詞組的意思還有很多，請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）The people at large love peace （大多數(shù)人熱愛(ài)和平）
2）The virus is still at large （這種病毒還在蔓延）
3）The murderer is still at large （殺人犯仍逍遙法外）
4）He talked at large about his plans （他詳盡地談了自己的計(jì)劃）
5）They made the arrangements at large （他們隨意地做了安排 ）
5. 請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別與possession 有關(guān)的兩個(gè)詞組：in possession of sth……和 in the possession of sb.
1）He is in possession of this house （他擁有這所房子）
2）The house is in the possession of him
3）On the other hand， our language includes large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.
英語(yǔ)中有許多表示啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的詞語(yǔ)，閱語(yǔ)中注意這些詞有助于我們提高理解力，寫(xiě)作中注意用這些詞，有助于我們把文章寫(xiě)得連貫、有條理。On the other hand 在本句中用來(lái)表示不同或相反的語(yǔ)氣，在前一段中講了popular word 這一段中作者則要講講learned words. 表示不同或相反語(yǔ)氣的詞還有很多，比如：Conversely， however， on the contrary， unlike， whereas， yet等等。
前面我們提到過(guò)number可以與可數(shù)名詞連用，而amount可與不可數(shù)名詞連用，如：
1）A large number of students have passed the exam （許多學(xué)生已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試）
2）They paid a large amount of money for the house （他們付了一大筆錢(qián)買(mǎi)了這座房子）
6.Their meanings are known to every educated person， but there is little occasion to use them at home
occasion 通常可以做可數(shù)名詞用，意思是“時(shí)刻、場(chǎng)合”；也可以做不可數(shù)名詞用，意思是：“必要性、需要；機(jī)會(huì)”。如：
1）They're met on several occasions （他們已相遇過(guò)好幾次）
2）They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。（有時(shí)候你會(huì)覺(jué)得說(shuō)“再見(jiàn)”很難。）
3）I don't remember I had occasion to blame him （我不記得我有責(zé)備他的必要）
7.In the latter，we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning
在前一句中用了“in the first case，” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .對(duì)兩件事分別進(jìn)行表述時(shí)，可以用in the first case， in the latter case 這一類(lèi)詞，條理非常清楚，也可以用the former，the latter 來(lái)表述。derivation 是derive 的名詞形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁語(yǔ)詞源的詞”，請(qǐng)看例句：
1）These words are derived from Latin （這些詞由拉丁語(yǔ)派生而來(lái)）
2）The derivation of words is interesting （詞的派生很有意思）
8. The terms “popular”and“l(fā)earned”，as applied to words，are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“術(shù)語(yǔ)、名稱(chēng)”，如：
1）I don't know how to put this term into Chinese （我不知道如何把這一術(shù)語(yǔ)譯成中文）
2）Writer is hardly the term to apply to him （“作家”這一名稱(chēng)很難用在他身上）
term 還有“期限；任期；學(xué)期”的意思，如：
1）During his 4-year term of office，he did a lot of things for the common people.
（在他四年的任職期間，他為普通百姓做了不少事。）
2）He decided to rum for a second term （他決定競(jìng)選連任。）
3）The autumn term is coming to an end （秋學(xué)期快要結(jié)束了。）
apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”，如：
1）This rule applies to upper class students only （這條規(guī)則只適用于高年級(jí)學(xué)生。）
2）I don't think what he says applies to you （我想他的話對(duì)你不適用）
3）They are eager to apply the theory to practice （他們急切地想把這一理論用于實(shí)踐）
apply for 則是“申請(qǐng)”的意思，如：
1）How many people have applied for the job？（有多少人申請(qǐng)了這個(gè)工作？）
2）They applied for permission to use the tennis court （他們申請(qǐng)使用網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)。）