自考“英語(yǔ)(一)”筆記(77)

字號(hào):

17. maintain v. 維持,保持;維修,保養(yǎng),扶養(yǎng);斷言
    1) Maintaining law and order is of top priority.(維持法律和秩序是頭等大事。)
    2) Everyone should contribute to maintaining world peace.(每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)為維護(hù)世界和平作出貢獻(xiàn)。)
    3) To get there before dark, you have to maintain a high speed of 80 miles an hour.
    (你得保持每小時(shí)80英里的高速才能在天黑之前到那兒。)
    4) Their work is to maintain railway lines.(他們的工作是養(yǎng)護(hù)鐵路。)
    5) He found it so hard to maintain a family of five.(他感到要負(fù)擔(dān)一個(gè)五口之家很困難。)
    6) He maintained that such things should never be done again.(他強(qiáng)調(diào)這種事情不應(yīng)再發(fā)生了。)
    18. approach v. 靠近;處理(問(wèn)題)      n. 方法;接近
    1) The train is approaching the station.(火車(chē)在向車(chē)站靠近。)
    2) His work is approaching perfection.(他的工作漸臻完美。)
    3) He approached the problem with calm and caution.(他沉著而審慎地對(duì)持那個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
    4) Go home quickly, a storm is approaching.(快點(diǎn)回家,暴風(fēng)雨即將來(lái)臨。)
    5) Our approach drove away the wild animals.(我們一靠近就把野獸趕跑了。)
    6) The best approach to this problem is to cut down cost and increase efficiency.
    (解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的好方法是降低成本,提高效率。)
    19. positive adj. 確定的;積極地,肯定地
    positively adv. 確定地,明確地;積極地,肯定地
    1) He was frightened by the results of his blood test, for all tested items show positive reactions.
    (驗(yàn)血結(jié)果把他嚇壞了,每一個(gè)項(xiàng)目都顯示陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)。)
    2) I'm positive about it.(對(duì)這點(diǎn)我有絕對(duì)把握。)
    3) They longed for a positive answer.(他們渴望得到肯定的答復(fù)。)
    4) You should adopt a more positive attitude toward life.(對(duì)生活你應(yīng)該采取更積極的態(tài)度。)
    5) He never answered my questions positively.(他從不肯定地回答我的問(wèn)題。)
    20. aspect n. 方向;外表
    1) They considered the plan in all its aspects.(他們?nèi)娴乜紤]了這一計(jì)劃。)
    2) His face had a frightening aspect.(他的臉色很?chē)樔?。?BR>    21. emerge v. 出現(xiàn)
    1) The sun emerged from behind a cloud.(太陽(yáng)從云朵后面出來(lái)了。)
    2) Different ideas have emerged.(不同意見(jiàn)出現(xiàn)了。)
    3) A modern industrial city is now emerging.(一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的工業(yè)城市正在興起。)
    本課簡(jiǎn)介
    人人都知道健康的重要,但人們對(duì)于參加健身活動(dòng)的態(tài)度如何呢?本文作者通過(guò)許多具體的事例告訴我們,人們對(duì)于參加健身活動(dòng)有許多認(rèn)識(shí)上的誤區(qū),因而有必要重新審視自己在這一問(wèn)題上的態(tài)度和做法。
    人們對(duì)于健康活動(dòng)有哪些看法呢?一些學(xué)生認(rèn)為,留出時(shí)間來(lái)健身是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,健身活動(dòng)并不比學(xué)打橋牌對(duì)他更有用,學(xué)業(yè)和前程才是重要的。還有人認(rèn)為健身固然重要,但實(shí)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間健身。也有人說(shuō)自己已經(jīng)夠健康了,保持現(xiàn)狀應(yīng)該沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。另外有些人則抱怨沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)施,也無(wú)法從他人那兒得到什么幫助,或者覺(jué)得運(yùn)動(dòng)后的渾身汗味令他們不舒服。
    以上種種皆是不愿意進(jìn)行健身活動(dòng)的人們的看法,那么對(duì)于那些原意進(jìn)行健身活動(dòng)的人們來(lái)說(shuō),他們的認(rèn)識(shí)和做法也并非沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。有人說(shuō),我跑步是因?yàn)樗奚崂锏拿恳粋€(gè)人都在晚上跑步。也有人說(shuō),我運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)每消耗3500卡熱量就能減掉一磅體重,圣誕節(jié)前我只有十磅要減了。還有人說(shuō),這個(gè)周末天氣涼爽,星期六看來(lái)是個(gè)好日子。另外,健身只是為了長(zhǎng)壽也是常見(jiàn)的看法。
    你的認(rèn)識(shí)是否類(lèi)似于上述某種觀點(diǎn)?請(qǐng)記住健康雖不一定保證長(zhǎng)壽,但能有助于你快樂(lè)地生活每一天。
    本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
    1. Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours.
    that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,在這個(gè)從句中,動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)setting aside time…做主語(yǔ),此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn)。如:
    1) He told me that getting up early in the morning was hard for him.(他告訴我早起對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很困難。)
    2) The teacher said that cheating on exams was on the increase in many schools.
    (那位老師說(shuō)在許多學(xué)校考試作弊現(xiàn)象在增長(zhǎng)。)
    3) My brother told me that setting up his own company would not be totally impossible.
    (我兄弟對(duì)我說(shuō)建立他自己的公司并不是一件完全不可能的事。)
    set aside 意思是to reserve or keep sth. for a special use or purpose (留出、撥出);set aside也可表示overturn(駁回、取消),disregard(不顧)。如:
    1) He decided to set aside 50 yuan every month so that he could buy a used bike.
    (他打算每個(gè)月留出50塊錢(qián)以便能買(mǎi)輛二手自行車(chē)。)
    2) His parents asked him to set aside 30 minutes every morning reading English.
    (他父母要求他每天早晨留出30分鐘讀英語(yǔ)。)
    3) The government set aside thirteen per cent of the money for health and education.
    (政府撥出這筆錢(qián)地百分之十三用于健康和教育。)
    4) The original verdict was eventually set aside by the Supreme Court.(原先地裁決終被高法庭駁回。)
    5) We must set aside all formality and another try.(我們必須不拘形式再試。)
    a / the misuse of sth.意思是 use sth. in an incorrect or improper manner(誤用、濫用)。如:
    The misuse of company assets brought about heavy losses.(濫用公司財(cái)產(chǎn)造成了嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。)
    在詞匯部分我們講到mis-是一個(gè)前綴,常指things being done badly or wrongly. 如:understand-misunderstand , print-misprint等等。
    2. He assured us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge.
    本句中地no是一個(gè)副詞,用在副詞比較級(jí)地前面,表示“并不、毫不”。no也可以在形容詞比較級(jí)地前面。如:no more than, no less than, no longer than,no farther than 等等。
    1) I could no more play piano than you.(我和你一樣不會(huì)彈鋼琴。)
    2) This place is no better than slum.(這地方與貧民窟差不多。)
    better是副詞well的比較級(jí)形式,served是個(gè)過(guò)去分詞,可用作形容詞,如: better organized, better prepared, better managed等等。
    assure是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“使確信、使放心”,主要用法是:
    1) assure sb. of sth.
    He assured me of the feasibility of the plan.(他使我確信這個(gè)計(jì)劃是可行的。)
    2) assure sb. that……
    I assured my mother that I would handle the problem.(我向母親保證我能處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
    請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別assure,ensure,insure和secure這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞。
    assure指以十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣向別人保證某事一定發(fā)生,多用assure sb. of / that在結(jié)構(gòu)中;ensure意為確保某種行動(dòng)或動(dòng)因的結(jié)果一定會(huì)發(fā)生,后面可以跟sth.或that從句,但不能帶雙賓語(yǔ);insure意思是“給…保險(xiǎn)”;secure的意思是make safe(使安全)。
    1) He assured me that Dr. Baker would come.(他向我保證貝克博士會(huì)來(lái)。)
    2) To ensure the child's quick recovery, the doctor gave him three different medicines.
    (為了保證孩子盡快康復(fù),醫(yī)生給了他三種不同的藥物。)
    3) The house is insured against fire.(這房子保了火災(zāi)險(xiǎn)。)
    4) They tried their best to secure the bridge from further attack.(他們盡力保護(hù)橋梁免受進(jìn)一步的攻擊。)
    3. College and his preparation for a career were his only priorities.請(qǐng)注意區(qū)prepare 和prepare for的區(qū)別。
    prepare sb. or sth. 指make them ready for an event or action that will happen in the future,如:
    We have to prepare our lessons carefully.(我們得仔細(xì)備課。)
    prepare for an event or action指get oneself ready for it; make plans for it so that it and prepared when it happens, 如:
    The children washed out hands and prepared for the meal.(孩子們洗好手準(zhǔn)備吃飯。)
    名詞preparation通常用在短語(yǔ)make preparations for和in preparation for當(dāng)中,如:
    1) They were making preparations for the old man's funeral.(他們?cè)跒槔先说脑岫Y做準(zhǔn)備。)
    2) We will have to collect new material in preparation for the experiment.(我們得收集新資料為實(shí)驗(yàn)作準(zhǔn)備。)
    priority指 give priority to和 take / has priority當(dāng)中。如:
    1)This project has priority over all others.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目比所有其他項(xiàng)目都更受重視。)
    2)Education is given first priority in their family.(教育在他們家是予以優(yōu)先考慮的問(wèn)題。)