（11）現(xiàn)在完成時
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的定義
現(xiàn)在完成時通常是指過去某一動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或過去某一動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能要繼續(xù)下去）
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成時是由“助動詞have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型
肯定式
疑問式
否定式
I have worked
Have I worked？
I have not worked
I haven't worked
He /She/ It has worked
Has he /she / it worked？
He /She / It has not worked
He / She / It hasn't worked
We have worked
Have we worked？
We have not worked
We haven't worked
You have worked
Have you worked？
You have not worked
You haven't worked
They have worked
Have they worked？
They have not worked
They haven't worked
4. 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法
a. 現(xiàn)在完成時可表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的影響，后面通常不用時間狀語，但句中常出現(xiàn)already，just，yet等副詞。如：
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。
I've just finished reading the novel.我剛剛讀完這本小說。
Have you seen the doctor yet？你看過醫(yī)生了嗎？
注：already和yet用法上的區(qū)別
already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，常用于句末。但already有時也可用語疑問句中暗示驚訝的心情。如：
b. 現(xiàn)在完成時也可表示從過去某時開始的動作，狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常和for，since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如：
I have learned English for 5 years.
He lived in Beijing since he was born.
注：（1）for和since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語的區(qū)別：for + 一段時間，since + 一點時間 從句（從句中常用一般過去時）
（2）表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時也可和lately，recently，so far，up to now，till now，in the past（last） few years……，this week （month，year……），all day，all this week等時間狀語連用。如：
Tom has had a toothache all day.
I haven't heard from him recently.
（3）現(xiàn)在完成時也可表示從過去到現(xiàn)在曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過或做過的事情，常和often，ever，never，before，once，…times等時間狀語連用。如：
I've never been to Beijing.我從沒去過北京。
He has read this book before.他以前讀過這本書。
語法學(xué)習(xí)綱要由江蘇省靖江高級中學(xué)外語組為英語貓網(wǎng)站特供
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別
（1）兩者都可表示過去發(fā)生過的動作，但前者表示的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，而后者則是表示過去動作的事實。
（2）兩者都可表示過去開始并延續(xù)了一段時間的動作，現(xiàn)在完成時含義為該動作仍在繼續(xù)，而一般過去時則說明該動作現(xiàn)已終止。如：
He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。（動作仍在繼續(xù)）
He lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年。（動作已結(jié)束）
2. 點動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的區(qū)別
所謂點動詞是指含有終止或短暫意義的動詞。如：begin，end，die，buy，borrow，come，arrive，join，marry等動詞。它們通常不與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：
I have bought a book.我買了一本書。
I've had this book for three weeks.這本書我已經(jīng)買了三星期了。
某些非延續(xù)性動詞可以與since連用，表示重復(fù)的動作或狀態(tài)。如：
I have met her often since I moved here.
They have gone fishing five times since last spring.
有些非延續(xù)性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可以與since或for短語連用。如：
He has never touched beer for a whole week.
I haven't bought anything for a year.
3. has been to和has gone to的區(qū)別
has been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過”說明所提及的對象一回到說話地點
has gone to表示“去……”說明所提及的對象不在說話地點。如：
I've been to Beijing for many times.我到過北京很多次了。
Tom has gone to Beijing and will come back next week.湯姆已到北京去了，下星期才回來。
4. have got的含義
have got形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時，卻和have是同一個意思
She has got a slight temperature. She has a slight temperature.她有點發(fā)燒。
Have you got a new dictionary？ Do you have a new dictionary？你有一本新字典嗎？
5. 注意下面各句的意思：
He has gone for two days. 他走了，將離開兩天。= He has gone and will be away for two days.
She has come for a week. 她來了，要呆一個星期。= She has come and will stay here for a week.
I haven't heard from her since she lived in Nanjing. 自從她離開南京以來，我一直沒有她的音信。
1.You won't know if it fits you until you ___ it on.
A. will try B. are trying C. try D. have tried
2.It's said that he ___ sent to Australia to improve his English.
A. would be B. was to be C. has been D. had been
3.This is the second time you ___ late this week.
A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive
4.The living standard of the people in Nanjing ___ since1983.
A. has raised B. had been risen C. has risen D. rose
5.Mr. Smith has lived in Canada for twelve years，so he ___ life there.
A. used to B. get used to C. got used to D. has got used to
6.Mike ___ with Jane for one year.
A. has been in love B. has fallen in love C. has been loved D. has loved
7. Tom was said to ___ Mary for 40 years.
A. have been married to B. have married with C. have been married with D. had married with
8.Great changes ___ in the city，and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place，have been set up B. have taken place，have been set up
C. have taken place，have set up D. were taken place，were set up
9.Robert is said ___ abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
10.The price ___，but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的定義
現(xiàn)在完成時通常是指過去某一動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或過去某一動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能要繼續(xù)下去）
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成時是由“助動詞have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型
肯定式
疑問式
否定式
I have worked
Have I worked？
I have not worked
I haven't worked
He /She/ It has worked
Has he /she / it worked？
He /She / It has not worked
He / She / It hasn't worked
We have worked
Have we worked？
We have not worked
We haven't worked
You have worked
Have you worked？
You have not worked
You haven't worked
They have worked
Have they worked？
They have not worked
They haven't worked
4. 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法
a. 現(xiàn)在完成時可表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的影響，后面通常不用時間狀語，但句中常出現(xiàn)already，just，yet等副詞。如：
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。
I've just finished reading the novel.我剛剛讀完這本小說。
Have you seen the doctor yet？你看過醫(yī)生了嗎？
注：already和yet用法上的區(qū)別
already常用于肯定句，置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，常用于句末。但already有時也可用語疑問句中暗示驚訝的心情。如：
b. 現(xiàn)在完成時也可表示從過去某時開始的動作，狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常和for，since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如：
I have learned English for 5 years.
He lived in Beijing since he was born.
注：（1）for和since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語的區(qū)別：for + 一段時間，since + 一點時間 從句（從句中常用一般過去時）
（2）表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時也可和lately，recently，so far，up to now，till now，in the past（last） few years……，this week （month，year……），all day，all this week等時間狀語連用。如：
Tom has had a toothache all day.
I haven't heard from him recently.
（3）現(xiàn)在完成時也可表示從過去到現(xiàn)在曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過或做過的事情，常和often，ever，never，before，once，…times等時間狀語連用。如：
I've never been to Beijing.我從沒去過北京。
He has read this book before.他以前讀過這本書。
語法學(xué)習(xí)綱要由江蘇省靖江高級中學(xué)外語組為英語貓網(wǎng)站特供
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別
（1）兩者都可表示過去發(fā)生過的動作，但前者表示的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，而后者則是表示過去動作的事實。
（2）兩者都可表示過去開始并延續(xù)了一段時間的動作，現(xiàn)在完成時含義為該動作仍在繼續(xù)，而一般過去時則說明該動作現(xiàn)已終止。如：
He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。（動作仍在繼續(xù)）
He lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年。（動作已結(jié)束）
2. 點動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的區(qū)別
所謂點動詞是指含有終止或短暫意義的動詞。如：begin，end，die，buy，borrow，come，arrive，join，marry等動詞。它們通常不與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：
I have bought a book.我買了一本書。
I've had this book for three weeks.這本書我已經(jīng)買了三星期了。
某些非延續(xù)性動詞可以與since連用，表示重復(fù)的動作或狀態(tài)。如：
I have met her often since I moved here.
They have gone fishing five times since last spring.
有些非延續(xù)性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可以與since或for短語連用。如：
He has never touched beer for a whole week.
I haven't bought anything for a year.
3. has been to和has gone to的區(qū)別
has been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過”說明所提及的對象一回到說話地點
has gone to表示“去……”說明所提及的對象不在說話地點。如：
I've been to Beijing for many times.我到過北京很多次了。
Tom has gone to Beijing and will come back next week.湯姆已到北京去了，下星期才回來。
4. have got的含義
have got形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時，卻和have是同一個意思
She has got a slight temperature. She has a slight temperature.她有點發(fā)燒。
Have you got a new dictionary？ Do you have a new dictionary？你有一本新字典嗎？
5. 注意下面各句的意思：
He has gone for two days. 他走了，將離開兩天。= He has gone and will be away for two days.
She has come for a week. 她來了，要呆一個星期。= She has come and will stay here for a week.
I haven't heard from her since she lived in Nanjing. 自從她離開南京以來，我一直沒有她的音信。
1.You won't know if it fits you until you ___ it on.
A. will try B. are trying C. try D. have tried
2.It's said that he ___ sent to Australia to improve his English.
A. would be B. was to be C. has been D. had been
3.This is the second time you ___ late this week.
A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive
4.The living standard of the people in Nanjing ___ since1983.
A. has raised B. had been risen C. has risen D. rose
5.Mr. Smith has lived in Canada for twelve years，so he ___ life there.
A. used to B. get used to C. got used to D. has got used to
6.Mike ___ with Jane for one year.
A. has been in love B. has fallen in love C. has been loved D. has loved
7. Tom was said to ___ Mary for 40 years.
A. have been married to B. have married with C. have been married with D. had married with
8.Great changes ___ in the city，and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place，have been set up B. have taken place，have been set up
C. have taken place，have set up D. were taken place，were set up
9.Robert is said ___ abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
10.The price ___，but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down