成人學(xué)位英語易混淆詞匯解析四

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76. especially,particularly,specially
    均可表"特別地".
    especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過其他事物。如:I love Italy,especially in summer.(我喜歡意大利,尤其在夏天。)
    particularly往往著重說明與同類事物不同的個別事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings,but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(來訪者贊賞他所有的繪畫,特別是他女兒的畫像。)
    specially 多表示"專門地","為特別目的的地",如表"不尋常","過分"等,可與especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地為你做了巧克力蛋糕。)
    77. exchange,replace,substitute
    均含有"換"之意。
    exchange指"互相交換".
    replace的含義為"替換","取代".如:George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(喬石治已接替愛德華擔(dān)任隊長。)
    substitute則表示"用……代替".如:We substitute nylon for cotton.(我們用尼龍代替了棉花。)
    78. fall,descend
    都可表向下運動。
    fall指由于重力突然從高處落下或因為失去平衡而跌倒。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。)
    descend多指沿著斜面而緩慢向下移動。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。)
    79. fame,honor,reputation
    都可表名聲。
    fame是常用詞,一般指好的名聲。如:He was not anxious for fame.(他并不渴望成名。)
    honor榮譽,尊敬,指受到公眾崇敬的榮譽和光榮。如:This is an honor more than I can deserve.(這光榮我受之有愧。)
    reputation名譽,指公眾對某人的看法,可好可壞。如:He has a reputation for laziness.(他的懶惰出了名。)
    80. fell,fall
    fell砍伐(樹木)。如:They are felling the trees.(他們在砍樹。)
    fell也可作fall的過去式;fell作"砍伐"時,它的過去式,過去分詞分別為felled, felled.
    81. formally,formerly
    formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party.
    formerly從前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.
    82. frank,honest,sincere
    都與坦率有關(guān)。
    frank直率的,坦白的,著重表達自己的情感和想法時沒有保留。如:To be frank with you,I do not know the answer myself.(老實說,我自己也不知道答案。)
    honest誠實的,正直的,指遵守正直等道德準(zhǔn)則。如:We want your honest opinion,not empty compliments.(我們需要你的誠心懇的意見,而不是空洞的恭維。)
    Sincere誠摯的,誠懇的,強調(diào)出自內(nèi)心的真心實意。如:Please accept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(請接受這份表示我真誠感謝的禮物。)
    83. gaze,stare,glance,glimpse
    都與"看"有關(guān)。
    gaze"凝視",強調(diào)由于驚奇、興趣,目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視。
    Stare強調(diào)由于好奇、害怕或無意地睜大眼睛盯著看看。
    glare"怒視",是兇狠地含有威脅地盯著看。
    glimpse"一瞥",是短暫而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,現(xiàn)多用作名詞。
    [注意]一般表示"看"的單詞大多同at搭配構(gòu)成短,但glimpse卻有catch(have)a glimpse of這一搭配。
    84. genius,gift,talent
    都有天才之意。
    genius天才,是這三詞中程度的詞。如:Shakespeare was a man of great genius.
    gift天賦,比"天才"的意義要弱一點,可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:He is a man of many gifts.(他多才多藝。)
    talent才能,一般不用復(fù)數(shù),指通過學(xué)習(xí)和勤奮掌握的本領(lǐng)、技術(shù)和其他的活動能力。如:As a novelist,he shows great talent in characterization.(作為小說家,他在描寫人物方面顯出很大的才能。)
    85. get,achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain
    均可表"獲得".
    get用得最廣,可指以各種方式獲得各種東西。如:Where can I get enough information?(我從哪兒能得到足夠的資料?)
    achieve多指克服困難后取得勝利,成功,強調(diào)"得到"這一結(jié)果。如:He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最終實現(xiàn)了他的抱負。)
    acquire指通過本身的努力逐漸獲得知識、能力和榮譽等。如:acquire knowledge(獲得知識)。
    attain為正式用詞,多用于莊重場合,主要指通過努力達到重要目的或得到珍貴的東西。如:The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科學(xué)家由于一次新發(fā)現(xiàn)而出了名。)
    gain多指付出極大努力后獲得或贏得給自己帶來優(yōu)勢的東西。如:They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奮戰(zhàn)后他們贏得了勝利。)
    obtain多指憑努力或懇求得到急需或很想得到的東西。如:Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍華德沒能得到獎學(xué)金。)
    86. grasp,seize,snatch
    都有"抓"的意思。
    grasp為常用詞,是用適度的力量抓牢。
    seize是突然用力抓住。
    snatch"攫取",指出其不意地,突然一把抓住并拿向自己。
    87. hanged,hung
    hang,hanged,hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed.
    Hang,hung,hung懸掛。如:His pictures were hung in the museum.
    88. haste,hurry, peed
    都與速度有關(guān)。
    haste急速,急忙,多指人的動作迅速和匆忙。如:I felt no haste to depart.(我不急著走。)
    hurry急忙,匆忙,常表示混亂,焦急和忙亂的意思。如:I forgot to pay my bill in my hurry.
    Speed迅速,快,不暗示忙亂或焦急。如:More haste,less speed.(欲速則不達。)
    89. hard,hardly
    hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You've been working too hard.
    hardly幾乎不,簡直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news.
    90. home,house
    home家。如:East or west,home is best.
    House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station.
    91. equal,equivalent,identical,same
    皆含相同,相等之意。
    equal相同的,相等的,特指"數(shù)量,價值等"相同。如:Their ages are equal.
    equivalent相等的,特指"價值,效力,意義"等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that.
    identical相同的,相等的,側(cè)重于某一細節(jié)上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions.
    identical相同的,相等的,側(cè)重于某一細節(jié)上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在兩種場合穿同樣的衣服。)
    same相同的,表示在質(zhì)量、類型、外表或意義上相同,而實際上有差異。如:He is of about the same age as you.
    92. imaginable,imaginary,imaginative
    都是與想象有關(guān)的形容詞。
    imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(這是惟一想得出的解決辦法。)
    imaginary假想的,虛構(gòu)的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虛構(gòu)人物)
    imaginative富于想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力豐定的藝術(shù)家)
    93. indifferent,different
    indifferent冷漠的,不關(guān)心的,同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他從前不注意自己的外表。)
    different跟……不一樣,同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(這本書跟那本不一樣。)
    94. industrial,industrious
    industrial工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成為工業(yè)國。)
    industrious勤勞的,勤奮的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是個用功的學(xué)生。)
    95. influence,effect
    都有"影響"之意。
    influence可作動詞、名詞,指對某人的思想行為、性格等產(chǎn)生影響。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中學(xué)時的老師影響。)
    effect用作動詞意為"造成","產(chǎn)生",用作名詞強調(diào)由于影響而產(chǎn)生特殊效果。如:The effects of the medicine are very good.(藥效很好。)
    96. intention,idea,purpose
    intention主要指個人心里產(chǎn)生的做某事欲望或得到某物的想法,常見的搭配是have the intention of doing something.
    Idea指"意見","見解".
    Purpose意為"目的",著重于實現(xiàn)目的的決心和待付出的努力。如:For what purpose do you learn English?(你學(xué)英文的目的是什么?)
    97. last,latest,final,ultimate
    last最后的,與first相對,還可指"上一次的".如:My seat is in the last row.
    latest最近的,指時間上。如:the latest news(最新消息)
    final最后的,指在一系列的事物中是最后的,而且是結(jié)論性的,決定性的。如:The judgment has become final.(這已是最后的判斷。)
    ultimate 最終的,最后的,用于正式場合,含有的和最有權(quán)威的結(jié)果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他從未考慮其行為的后果。)
    98. lay,lie
    lay放,擱。如:Lay the book on the desk.(把書放在桌上。)
    lie(躺)的過去式和過去分詞分別為lay,lain;lie(說謊)的過去式和過去分詞為lied,lied;lay作動詞時的過去式和過去分詞是laid,laid.
    99. literal,literary,literate
    literal文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(對一段文章的字面解釋)
    literary文學(xué)的。如:literary works(文學(xué)作品)
    literary有文化的(反義詞是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申請這份工作的人應(yīng)會使用電腦。)
    100.manufacture,make,produce
    manufacture制造,加工,較正式,通常表示把原料經(jīng)過一定程度制成產(chǎn)品,多指使用機器大批生產(chǎn)。如:This textile factory manufactures cloth of good quality.(這家紡織廠生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)布料。)
    make做,制造,最常用詞,使用較廣泛。如:She can make cakes.
    Produce生產(chǎn),制造,著重產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量。如:The chemical works produced 5,000 tons of chemical fertilizer last year.(這家化工廠去年生產(chǎn)了5000噸化肥。)