下面我們來看第二段。發(fā)現(xiàn)這一段也均為情節(jié)句， 沒有一句概括性的句子，表明該段也無主題句段落。這就要求我們根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容把該段的主題概括出來。該段的前兩句講到新加坡島地勢(shì)不高，中部有些小山，只有176米。接下來說的是該國氣候?qū)儆跓釒в炅謿夂?，年平均溫度在攝氏27.2度，年平均降雨量為2,413毫米，十一月至一月份雨量最為充沛。由此看來，該段講的是新加坡的地勢(shì)及氣候的情況。原小標(biāo)題中已給出了氣候這個(gè)詞，空出來的單詞給出了第一個(gè)字母l，所以這里應(yīng)填land。
那么第三段的標(biāo)題該怎樣命呢?不難看出，該段的第一句為主題句。說的是新加坡是按照1959年修正后的憲法來治國的。接下來展開敘述，均為細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。如總統(tǒng)為國家元首，四年一任，總理為政府首腦。過去總統(tǒng)由議會(huì)選出，根據(jù)地991年修正的憲法，現(xiàn)在總統(tǒng)由國民直接選取出。議會(huì)是制訂法律的機(jī)關(guān)等。由此看來， 這一段是在敘述國家的體制，即state system。
第四段似乎也沒有主題句。但該段的內(nèi)容很明顯，是在講新加坡的教育情況，所以小標(biāo)題為education。
我們?cè)賮矸治鲆幌碌谖宥巍＿@一段的第一句話顯然是該段的主題句，它說的是“新加坡在眾多亞洲國家中享有較高的生活水平?！睘槭裁凑f新加坡人民的生活水平高呢?下面的每句話都圍繞這一主題展開論述。首先講在八十年代后期新加坡的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)237億美元，人均八千多美元。接著講新加坡的漁業(yè)。再接著講自六十年代以來，新加坡的工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，并能生產(chǎn)出各種產(chǎn)品。最后又講新加坡的造船業(yè)和石油加工工業(yè)也很重要。這些都屬于細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，是為支持主題句而服務(wù)的。根據(jù)本段的主題句，我們就可以概括出它的標(biāo)題。“新加坡人民生活水平高”說明經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)。所以該段的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是“economy of singapore"(新加坡的經(jīng)濟(jì))。下面敘述的細(xì)節(jié)也是有關(guān)新加坡的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況的。標(biāo)題中給出的字母“e”即起到了揭示作用，同時(shí)也起到了限定的作用。它揭示我們要填“economy”這個(gè)詞，而且限定我們只能填這個(gè)詞。
women’s rights movement .
46. r------- of women
women’s
rights are guarantees of political, social, and ***nomic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. today, complete political, ***nomic, and social equality with men remains to be achieved.
47. traditional sta------ of women.
male control was obvious from the time of the earliest written historical r***rds, probably as a result of men’s role in hunting and warfare. the belief that women were naturally weaker and inferior to men was also found in god-centered religions. therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. their education was limited to learning domestic skills, and they had no Access to positions of power. a woman had no legal control over her person, her own land and money, or her children.
48. s-------- of women’s rights movement.
the age of enlightenment (啟蒙時(shí)期)and the industrial revolution, which caused ***nomic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of women’s rights movement in the late 18th and the 19th century. in 1848 more than 100 persons held the first women’s rights convention in new york, and the feminists (女權(quán)主義者) demanded equal rights, including the vote.
49. dev--------.
in the late 1960s women made up about40 percent of the work force in england, france, germany, and the united states. this figure rose to more than 50 percent by the mid-1980s. a commission under the president was established in 1960 to consider equal opportunities for women. acts of congress entitled them to equality in education, employment, and legal rights. in 1964 the civil rights act, initially intended only for blacks, was extended to women.
50. go--------.
the objectives of the women’s movement included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centers, r***gnition for lesbian (女性同性戀) rights, making abortion (墮胎) legal, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of forced sex relations, wife and child beating, and discrimination against (歧視) older and minority women.
46. 本題答案為rights?；卮疬@類問題，關(guān)鍵是找出每段的主題句，主題句找出來后，大意基本上就可以概括出來了。這一段的主題句顯然是第一句話，定義婦女的權(quán)利包括哪些方面的內(nèi)容。所以空格處應(yīng)填rights。
47. 本題答案為status。本段的主題句在段落中間，即這句話:therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. 這句話也就反映了過去婦女的地位。地位是status。
48. 本題答案為start。這一段主要敘述的是婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)何時(shí)開始的。根據(jù)信號(hào)詞rise就可以把答案做出來。
49. 本題答案為developments。這一段接著上一段進(jìn)一步介紹婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展情況，顯然標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是developments。此外，由于空格處已經(jīng)給出三個(gè)字母，該題相對(duì)容易多了。
50. 本題答案為goals。整段內(nèi)容說明婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的目標(biāo)，原文中的目標(biāo)用的objective這個(gè)詞，換一個(gè)意義相近的詞，就是goal。所以，根據(jù)信號(hào)詞objective，我們會(huì)想到答案應(yīng)該為goals。
三、解題步驟
以上我們介紹了概括大意的測試點(diǎn)及解題方法?？忌谧鲞@部分題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意:
1. 先看大標(biāo)題，然后仔細(xì)閱讀每段文字，理解段落的首句及尾句，盡量找到段落的主題句。
2. 理解段落中句子之間的相互關(guān)系。如果段落的第一句或前兩句是概括性的句子，緊接著開始論述細(xì)節(jié)，從而可以確定段首句為主題句。如果從首句就開始論述細(xì)節(jié)，到尾句才進(jìn)行概括或歸納，說明尾句是主題句。如果首句和尾句都是陳述句，而在段中出現(xiàn)一句概括性的句子，說明該句是主題句，概括了全段的中心 思想 。如果全段均為情節(jié)句，沒有一句概括性的句子，表明這是無主題句的段落。這時(shí)要概括段落論述的中心或焦點(diǎn)進(jìn)行提煉。跳出具體細(xì)節(jié)，從整體上把握段落，概括出全段的大意。
3. 小標(biāo)題與大標(biāo)題對(duì)照。找出每個(gè)段落的主題句并概括出其大意后，反過來再看文章的大標(biāo)題，看看每段的主題是不是文章大主題的分主題。經(jīng)過從宏觀到頹，從頹再到宏觀這兩上過程就能保證把小標(biāo)題命出來。
4. 注意詞的形式。由于所需補(bǔ)全的詞一般多為名詞，要從邏輯上考慮是用名詞的單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)。如果需要補(bǔ)全的詞前后還有其它的詞時(shí)，注意該詞與其它詞的搭配關(guān)系。
那么第三段的標(biāo)題該怎樣命呢?不難看出，該段的第一句為主題句。說的是新加坡是按照1959年修正后的憲法來治國的。接下來展開敘述，均為細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。如總統(tǒng)為國家元首，四年一任，總理為政府首腦。過去總統(tǒng)由議會(huì)選出，根據(jù)地991年修正的憲法，現(xiàn)在總統(tǒng)由國民直接選取出。議會(huì)是制訂法律的機(jī)關(guān)等。由此看來， 這一段是在敘述國家的體制，即state system。
第四段似乎也沒有主題句。但該段的內(nèi)容很明顯，是在講新加坡的教育情況，所以小標(biāo)題為education。
我們?cè)賮矸治鲆幌碌谖宥巍＿@一段的第一句話顯然是該段的主題句，它說的是“新加坡在眾多亞洲國家中享有較高的生活水平?！睘槭裁凑f新加坡人民的生活水平高呢?下面的每句話都圍繞這一主題展開論述。首先講在八十年代后期新加坡的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)237億美元，人均八千多美元。接著講新加坡的漁業(yè)。再接著講自六十年代以來，新加坡的工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，并能生產(chǎn)出各種產(chǎn)品。最后又講新加坡的造船業(yè)和石油加工工業(yè)也很重要。這些都屬于細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，是為支持主題句而服務(wù)的。根據(jù)本段的主題句，我們就可以概括出它的標(biāo)題。“新加坡人民生活水平高”說明經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)。所以該段的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是“economy of singapore"(新加坡的經(jīng)濟(jì))。下面敘述的細(xì)節(jié)也是有關(guān)新加坡的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況的。標(biāo)題中給出的字母“e”即起到了揭示作用，同時(shí)也起到了限定的作用。它揭示我們要填“economy”這個(gè)詞，而且限定我們只能填這個(gè)詞。
women’s rights movement .
46. r------- of women
women’s
rights are guarantees of political, social, and ***nomic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. today, complete political, ***nomic, and social equality with men remains to be achieved.
47. traditional sta------ of women.
male control was obvious from the time of the earliest written historical r***rds, probably as a result of men’s role in hunting and warfare. the belief that women were naturally weaker and inferior to men was also found in god-centered religions. therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. their education was limited to learning domestic skills, and they had no Access to positions of power. a woman had no legal control over her person, her own land and money, or her children.
48. s-------- of women’s rights movement.
the age of enlightenment (啟蒙時(shí)期)and the industrial revolution, which caused ***nomic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of women’s rights movement in the late 18th and the 19th century. in 1848 more than 100 persons held the first women’s rights convention in new york, and the feminists (女權(quán)主義者) demanded equal rights, including the vote.
49. dev--------.
in the late 1960s women made up about40 percent of the work force in england, france, germany, and the united states. this figure rose to more than 50 percent by the mid-1980s. a commission under the president was established in 1960 to consider equal opportunities for women. acts of congress entitled them to equality in education, employment, and legal rights. in 1964 the civil rights act, initially intended only for blacks, was extended to women.
50. go--------.
the objectives of the women’s movement included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centers, r***gnition for lesbian (女性同性戀) rights, making abortion (墮胎) legal, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of forced sex relations, wife and child beating, and discrimination against (歧視) older and minority women.
46. 本題答案為rights?；卮疬@類問題，關(guān)鍵是找出每段的主題句，主題句找出來后，大意基本上就可以概括出來了。這一段的主題句顯然是第一句話，定義婦女的權(quán)利包括哪些方面的內(nèi)容。所以空格處應(yīng)填rights。
47. 本題答案為status。本段的主題句在段落中間，即這句話:therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. 這句話也就反映了過去婦女的地位。地位是status。
48. 本題答案為start。這一段主要敘述的是婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)何時(shí)開始的。根據(jù)信號(hào)詞rise就可以把答案做出來。
49. 本題答案為developments。這一段接著上一段進(jìn)一步介紹婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展情況，顯然標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是developments。此外，由于空格處已經(jīng)給出三個(gè)字母，該題相對(duì)容易多了。
50. 本題答案為goals。整段內(nèi)容說明婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的目標(biāo)，原文中的目標(biāo)用的objective這個(gè)詞，換一個(gè)意義相近的詞，就是goal。所以，根據(jù)信號(hào)詞objective，我們會(huì)想到答案應(yīng)該為goals。
三、解題步驟
以上我們介紹了概括大意的測試點(diǎn)及解題方法?？忌谧鲞@部分題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意:
1. 先看大標(biāo)題，然后仔細(xì)閱讀每段文字，理解段落的首句及尾句，盡量找到段落的主題句。
2. 理解段落中句子之間的相互關(guān)系。如果段落的第一句或前兩句是概括性的句子，緊接著開始論述細(xì)節(jié)，從而可以確定段首句為主題句。如果從首句就開始論述細(xì)節(jié)，到尾句才進(jìn)行概括或歸納，說明尾句是主題句。如果首句和尾句都是陳述句，而在段中出現(xiàn)一句概括性的句子，說明該句是主題句，概括了全段的中心 思想 。如果全段均為情節(jié)句，沒有一句概括性的句子，表明這是無主題句的段落。這時(shí)要概括段落論述的中心或焦點(diǎn)進(jìn)行提煉。跳出具體細(xì)節(jié)，從整體上把握段落，概括出全段的大意。
3. 小標(biāo)題與大標(biāo)題對(duì)照。找出每個(gè)段落的主題句并概括出其大意后，反過來再看文章的大標(biāo)題，看看每段的主題是不是文章大主題的分主題。經(jīng)過從宏觀到頹，從頹再到宏觀這兩上過程就能保證把小標(biāo)題命出來。
4. 注意詞的形式。由于所需補(bǔ)全的詞一般多為名詞，要從邏輯上考慮是用名詞的單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)。如果需要補(bǔ)全的詞前后還有其它的詞時(shí)，注意該詞與其它詞的搭配關(guān)系。