六、名詞的錯(cuò)誤
一般來說名詞錯(cuò)誤是指誤用了某個(gè)在形式上或意義上與正確的單詞相似的單詞，包括名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的誤用，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的混淆，抽象名詞和具體名詞的混用以及詞數(shù)的表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤等類型，如 find a work → find a job ； woman doctors → women doctors ； these phenomenon → these phenomena 等。
例 1
Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways
are a constant source of voice from cars, buses and 1.__________
trucks.
原文中講述的是噪音污染， voices 是指人的聲音或者比較抽象的聲音，根據(jù)常識(shí)轎車公共汽車以及卡車發(fā)出的聲音必然是噪音，所以此處的 voice 應(yīng)該改為 noise 。
例 2
My dream was to find a piece of place, and build 1.__________
a house for one’s family.
此句中的 place 在此處為可數(shù)名詞，不需要在前面加上 a piece of 便可直接跟在不定冠詞 a 后面，而 land 為不可數(shù)名詞，不能直接跟不定冠詞，所以應(yīng)該將 a piece of 改為 a place ，或者直接將 place 改為 land 。根據(jù)改錯(cuò)原則，應(yīng)該將 place 改為 land 。
例 3
Anyone understood the life and death importance 1.__________
of family cooperation and hard work.
此句中的 anyone 不太符合上下文語意場(chǎng)的要求，一般來說 anyone 使用于否定句或者疑問句型中，在肯定某一事實(shí)時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用 everyone 取代 anyone 。
例 4
If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare
as gold. It seems that the progresses of man includes 1.__________
a rising volume of noise.
此句中結(jié)構(gòu)十分完整，然而通讀整段文字可發(fā)現(xiàn)，這句話的主謂不一致。錯(cuò)在 progress 上， progress 作進(jìn)步講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將 progresses 改為 progress 。
練習(xí)題
1 I told her not to use the office phone for personal call. 1.__________
2 He left words with my mother that he would come
to help me in the afternoon and kept his words. 2.__________
3 Father went to his doctor for advices about his heart 3.__________
trouble.
4 Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? There’s not
enough rooms for you here. 4.__________
5 If by chance someone comes to see me, ask them to
leave a notice. 5.__________
6 In order to buy a nice pair of shoes, he went to two
shoes stores. 6.__________
7 Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend 7.__________
and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection
and respect in this way without being aware of their
methods.
8 But we must keep in head the billions of dollars 8.__________
we might spend in carrying out the project.
9 I turned into the first sock shop that caught my
eyes, and a clerk who could not have been more 9.__________
than seventeen years old came forward.
10 In many shops the customer has to wait for
someone to wait upon him. And when finally some
clerks does design to notice you, you are made to 10.__________
fell as if you were interrupting him.
答案解析：
1.call→calls。因?yàn)閏all為可數(shù)名詞。
2.第二個(gè)words→word?！発eep one’s word”為固頂短語，意為“遵守諾言”。
3.advices→advice。因?yàn)閍dvice不可數(shù)。
4.rooms→room。因?yàn)楫?dāng)room表示“空間”的意思時(shí)，room為不可數(shù)名詞。
5.notice→note。根據(jù)語境，這里表達(dá)的是“留便條”，應(yīng)該用“l(fā)eave a note or message”，而notice的意思是“通知”，不符合題意要求。
6.shoes→shoe。當(dāng)名詞作定語表類別，一般用名詞的單數(shù)形式。
7.friend→friends。
8.head→mind?！発eep sth. In mind”為固定搭配，表示“記住，牢記”的意思。
9.eyes→eye?！癱atch one’s eye”是固定短語，表示“引起某人注意”的意思。
10.clerks→clerk。此句中，由后面的him可知“some clerk”并不是指“一些店員”，而是不定指，表示某個(gè)“店員”的意思。
一般來說名詞錯(cuò)誤是指誤用了某個(gè)在形式上或意義上與正確的單詞相似的單詞，包括名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的誤用，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的混淆，抽象名詞和具體名詞的混用以及詞數(shù)的表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤等類型，如 find a work → find a job ； woman doctors → women doctors ； these phenomenon → these phenomena 等。
例 1
Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways
are a constant source of voice from cars, buses and 1.__________
trucks.
原文中講述的是噪音污染， voices 是指人的聲音或者比較抽象的聲音，根據(jù)常識(shí)轎車公共汽車以及卡車發(fā)出的聲音必然是噪音，所以此處的 voice 應(yīng)該改為 noise 。
例 2
My dream was to find a piece of place, and build 1.__________
a house for one’s family.
此句中的 place 在此處為可數(shù)名詞，不需要在前面加上 a piece of 便可直接跟在不定冠詞 a 后面，而 land 為不可數(shù)名詞，不能直接跟不定冠詞，所以應(yīng)該將 a piece of 改為 a place ，或者直接將 place 改為 land 。根據(jù)改錯(cuò)原則，應(yīng)該將 place 改為 land 。
例 3
Anyone understood the life and death importance 1.__________
of family cooperation and hard work.
此句中的 anyone 不太符合上下文語意場(chǎng)的要求，一般來說 anyone 使用于否定句或者疑問句型中，在肯定某一事實(shí)時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用 everyone 取代 anyone 。
例 4
If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare
as gold. It seems that the progresses of man includes 1.__________
a rising volume of noise.
此句中結(jié)構(gòu)十分完整，然而通讀整段文字可發(fā)現(xiàn)，這句話的主謂不一致。錯(cuò)在 progress 上， progress 作進(jìn)步講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)將 progresses 改為 progress 。
練習(xí)題
1 I told her not to use the office phone for personal call. 1.__________
2 He left words with my mother that he would come
to help me in the afternoon and kept his words. 2.__________
3 Father went to his doctor for advices about his heart 3.__________
trouble.
4 Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? There’s not
enough rooms for you here. 4.__________
5 If by chance someone comes to see me, ask them to
leave a notice. 5.__________
6 In order to buy a nice pair of shoes, he went to two
shoes stores. 6.__________
7 Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend 7.__________
and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection
and respect in this way without being aware of their
methods.
8 But we must keep in head the billions of dollars 8.__________
we might spend in carrying out the project.
9 I turned into the first sock shop that caught my
eyes, and a clerk who could not have been more 9.__________
than seventeen years old came forward.
10 In many shops the customer has to wait for
someone to wait upon him. And when finally some
clerks does design to notice you, you are made to 10.__________
fell as if you were interrupting him.
答案解析：
1.call→calls。因?yàn)閏all為可數(shù)名詞。
2.第二個(gè)words→word?！発eep one’s word”為固頂短語，意為“遵守諾言”。
3.advices→advice。因?yàn)閍dvice不可數(shù)。
4.rooms→room。因?yàn)楫?dāng)room表示“空間”的意思時(shí)，room為不可數(shù)名詞。
5.notice→note。根據(jù)語境，這里表達(dá)的是“留便條”，應(yīng)該用“l(fā)eave a note or message”，而notice的意思是“通知”，不符合題意要求。
6.shoes→shoe。當(dāng)名詞作定語表類別，一般用名詞的單數(shù)形式。
7.friend→friends。
8.head→mind?！発eep sth. In mind”為固定搭配，表示“記住，牢記”的意思。
9.eyes→eye?！癱atch one’s eye”是固定短語，表示“引起某人注意”的意思。
10.clerks→clerk。此句中，由后面的him可知“some clerk”并不是指“一些店員”，而是不定指，表示某個(gè)“店員”的意思。