本期重點(diǎn)：主謂一致
當(dāng)句子本身較長(zhǎng)，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間有其他插入成分時(shí)，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)主謂不一致的情況；另一情況就是如果主語(yǔ)不是通常的代詞和名詞，而是從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或者是一些特殊的短語(yǔ)等，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)主謂不一致的問題.
考點(diǎn)例析：
例1：There is therefore a need for resources and methods of
teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in ________
an enjoyable way. （2006 .12）
解析：這句話that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，在找錯(cuò)誤前首先要了解先行詞究竟是哪個(gè)（teaching，resources and methods還是need？）。根據(jù)意思，應(yīng)該是“教學(xué)資源和教學(xué)方法使得對(duì)科學(xué)的深刻了解變得更容易”，所以這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞應(yīng)該是resources and methods，of teaching只是作resources and methods的定語(yǔ)。先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)，從句的謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以將facilitates改為facilitate。
例2：Whether women who have started a career will attain
pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. _________ （1996. 1）
解析：這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men，謂語(yǔ)是rest，單個(gè)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，所以將rest改為rests。
例3：The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but
behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a promised _________
land and the myth of the country as a Garden of Eden. （2002 . 6）
解析：behind it lies two myths這個(gè)句子是倒裝句，真正的主語(yǔ)是two myths，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lies改為lie。
例4：Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies
make to their first spoken words lead to considerable difficulties. _________
解析：這樣的長(zhǎng)句子首先要找出主謂部分。Any attempt是主語(yǔ)，to trace the development from the noises是attempt的定語(yǔ)，babies make to their first spoken words則是做定語(yǔ)從句修飾noises，那么這個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)就是lead了。主語(yǔ)any attempt是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)也要改成單數(shù)leads。
綜合訓(xùn)練
The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth
day of the eighth moon, around the time of the autumn equinox（秋分）.
Many refer it simply as the "Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon". This day ___1____
is also considered a harvest festival because that fruits, vegetables and ___2____
grain have been harvested by this time and food is unabundant. With ___3____
delinquent accounts settled prior to the festival , it is a time for relax ___4___
and celebration. Together with the celebration there appears some ___5___
special customs in different parts. However, the custom of playing under
the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, and it is not less ___6___
popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in,
people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate
their happy life or thinking of their relative and friends far from home. ____7___
The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and
one and a half inches in thickness, resembles Western fruitcakes in taste ____8____
and consistency. But nowadays, there are hundreds varieties of moon cakes __9___
on sale a month before the arrival of Moon Festival. For generations, moon
cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red beans,
lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates（棗子）, wrapped in a pastry.
Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle of the rich tasting
dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes ___10___
are served in the English holiday seasons .
參考答案及解析:
1. refer后加to
固定搭配refer to…as…，意為“把…稱作…”。
2. that -> /
Because表示原因后接從句時(shí)不需加that。
3. unabundant -> abundant
根據(jù)上文已經(jīng)說了中秋節(jié)也被認(rèn)為是豐收節(jié)，所以食物應(yīng)該是很豐富的，故將unabundant改為abundant。
4. relax -> relaxation
relax是動(dòng)詞，此處需要名詞作for的賓語(yǔ)，所以將relax改成相應(yīng)的名詞relaxation。
5. appears -> appear
這句話是倒裝句，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的some special customs，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
6. and -> but
7. relative -> relatives
8. resembles -> resemble
這句話的主語(yǔ)是the round moon cakes，所以將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞resembles改為resemble。
9. hundreds后加of
固定搭配hundreds of“成百上千的”。
10. cakes后加which或that
這句話出現(xiàn)了compare和are served兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句子的意思compare才是真正的謂語(yǔ)，而are served….則應(yīng)該是修飾cakes的定語(yǔ)從句，又因?yàn)閺木淙鄙僦髡Z(yǔ)，所以加上that或which。
當(dāng)句子本身較長(zhǎng)，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間有其他插入成分時(shí)，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)主謂不一致的情況；另一情況就是如果主語(yǔ)不是通常的代詞和名詞，而是從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或者是一些特殊的短語(yǔ)等，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)主謂不一致的問題.
考點(diǎn)例析：
例1：There is therefore a need for resources and methods of
teaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in ________
an enjoyable way. （2006 .12）
解析：這句話that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，在找錯(cuò)誤前首先要了解先行詞究竟是哪個(gè)（teaching，resources and methods還是need？）。根據(jù)意思，應(yīng)該是“教學(xué)資源和教學(xué)方法使得對(duì)科學(xué)的深刻了解變得更容易”，所以這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞應(yīng)該是resources and methods，of teaching只是作resources and methods的定語(yǔ)。先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)，從句的謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以將facilitates改為facilitate。
例2：Whether women who have started a career will attain
pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. _________ （1996. 1）
解析：這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men，謂語(yǔ)是rest，單個(gè)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，所以將rest改為rests。
例3：The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but
behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a promised _________
land and the myth of the country as a Garden of Eden. （2002 . 6）
解析：behind it lies two myths這個(gè)句子是倒裝句，真正的主語(yǔ)是two myths，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lies改為lie。
例4：Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies
make to their first spoken words lead to considerable difficulties. _________
解析：這樣的長(zhǎng)句子首先要找出主謂部分。Any attempt是主語(yǔ)，to trace the development from the noises是attempt的定語(yǔ)，babies make to their first spoken words則是做定語(yǔ)從句修飾noises，那么這個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)就是lead了。主語(yǔ)any attempt是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)也要改成單數(shù)leads。
綜合訓(xùn)練
The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth
day of the eighth moon, around the time of the autumn equinox（秋分）.
Many refer it simply as the "Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon". This day ___1____
is also considered a harvest festival because that fruits, vegetables and ___2____
grain have been harvested by this time and food is unabundant. With ___3____
delinquent accounts settled prior to the festival , it is a time for relax ___4___
and celebration. Together with the celebration there appears some ___5___
special customs in different parts. However, the custom of playing under
the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, and it is not less ___6___
popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in,
people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate
their happy life or thinking of their relative and friends far from home. ____7___
The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and
one and a half inches in thickness, resembles Western fruitcakes in taste ____8____
and consistency. But nowadays, there are hundreds varieties of moon cakes __9___
on sale a month before the arrival of Moon Festival. For generations, moon
cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red beans,
lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates（棗子）, wrapped in a pastry.
Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle of the rich tasting
dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes ___10___
are served in the English holiday seasons .
參考答案及解析:
1. refer后加to
固定搭配refer to…as…，意為“把…稱作…”。
2. that -> /
Because表示原因后接從句時(shí)不需加that。
3. unabundant -> abundant
根據(jù)上文已經(jīng)說了中秋節(jié)也被認(rèn)為是豐收節(jié)，所以食物應(yīng)該是很豐富的，故將unabundant改為abundant。
4. relax -> relaxation
relax是動(dòng)詞，此處需要名詞作for的賓語(yǔ)，所以將relax改成相應(yīng)的名詞relaxation。
5. appears -> appear
這句話是倒裝句，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的some special customs，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
6. and -> but
7. relative -> relatives
8. resembles -> resemble
這句話的主語(yǔ)是the round moon cakes，所以將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞resembles改為resemble。
9. hundreds后加of
固定搭配hundreds of“成百上千的”。
10. cakes后加which或that
這句話出現(xiàn)了compare和are served兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句子的意思compare才是真正的謂語(yǔ)，而are served….則應(yīng)該是修飾cakes的定語(yǔ)從句，又因?yàn)閺木淙鄙僦髡Z(yǔ)，所以加上that或which。