上次我們和大家討論了GMAT語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)答案的特點(diǎn)——永遠(yuǎn)只有相對(duì)正確而不存在絕對(duì)正確，也就是需要我們善于運(yùn)用排除法，挑選出相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確而有效的那一個(gè)。并且我們舉了幾個(gè)例子，說(shuō)明題目中很有可能幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是錯(cuò)誤的，我們就需要找出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較輕微的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案。其實(shí)相對(duì)正確還有另外一種情況，也就是有可能幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是正確的，我們就需要找出一個(gè)最符合正確答案特征的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案。下面我們通過(guò)幾個(gè)例子深入體會(huì)一下這種思路。
1.The proposed urban development zones do not represent a new principle; it was employed in “Operation Bootstrap” in Puerto Rico.
(A) do not represent a new principle; it
(B) represent not a new principle, but one that
(C) are not a new principle; the same one
(D) are not a new principle, but one that（B）
(E) are not new in principle; it
首先這是一道考邏輯的題目，題目說(shuō)城市發(fā)展區(qū)并沒(méi)有代表一個(gè)新原則，但是C, D, E把represent改成了be動(dòng)詞，意思就變成城市發(fā)展區(qū)是一個(gè)新原則了，我們只能說(shuō)城市發(fā)展區(qū)代表一個(gè)原則，而不能說(shuō)城市發(fā)展區(qū)是一個(gè)原則，所以這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)邏輯都錯(cuò)了。A, B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)其實(shí)邏輯和語(yǔ)法都正確，但是選項(xiàng)B使用了not…but這個(gè)使句子更為對(duì)稱的結(jié)構(gòu)，而根據(jù)正確答案一般都是符合對(duì)稱性的選項(xiàng)的原則，所以答案選E。
我們?cè)倏匆坏婪浅ｎ愃频念}目：
2．For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788, England exiled some 160,000 criminals to Australia.
(A) For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788
(B) Beginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years
(C) Beginning a period of almost a hundred years, in 1788
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788
這道題目和剛才那道題目非常類似，A,B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)beginning用來(lái)修飾England，這樣就變成英格蘭建國(guó)于1788年了，雖然說(shuō)我們?cè)诳紙?chǎng)上可能不知道英格蘭建國(guó)于哪一年，但肯定不是1788年而應(yīng)該更早，所以A,B,C都錯(cuò)了。D選項(xiàng)和E選項(xiàng)其實(shí)語(yǔ)法和邏輯都正確，但是D選項(xiàng)犯了個(gè)很小的語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣上的錯(cuò)誤。一般同位語(yǔ)只用來(lái)修飾句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，而不能修飾句子的從屬部分。D中a period作為同位語(yǔ)，修飾了前面的狀語(yǔ)a hundred years, 所以錯(cuò)了。但這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤非常之小，脫離了這道題目一般不用考慮。
最后我們?cè)倏匆坏李}來(lái)說(shuō)明從幾個(gè)都是正確的選項(xiàng)中來(lái)找出一個(gè)相對(duì)正確答案的應(yīng)用。
3．At the time of the Mexican agrarian revolution, the most radical faction, that of Zapata and his followers, proposed a return to communal ownership of land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards.
(A) land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards
(B) land, a form of ownership of the pre-Columbians and respected by the Spaniards
(C) land, respected by the Spaniards and a pre-Columbian form of ownership
(D) land in which a pre-Columbian form of ownership was respected by the Spaniards（A）
(E) land that had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards
這道題目中A選項(xiàng)的what引導(dǎo)的從句是作為同位語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)的，而一般同位語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)都是正確答案的標(biāo)志，因?yàn)樗芎?jiǎn)潔，指代對(duì)象也很清楚。有些同學(xué)可能會(huì)疑惑為何加了個(gè)to，其實(shí)這個(gè)to正是一個(gè)正確答案的標(biāo)志，它符合了介詞盡量補(bǔ)出的原則。由于前面的結(jié)構(gòu)是to communal ownership of land，為了使what修飾communal ownership,所以前面補(bǔ)了個(gè)to ,這樣就消除了任何歧義，what只能修飾ownership了。B選項(xiàng)and前后不對(duì)稱，前面是一個(gè)名詞而后面是一個(gè)分詞，C選項(xiàng)前面是個(gè)分詞后面是個(gè)名詞也不對(duì)稱，所以都錯(cuò)了。D和E語(yǔ)法與邏輯沒(méi)有大問(wèn)題，但是考慮到它們都用了定語(yǔ)從句，而A中的同位語(yǔ)是優(yōu)于定語(yǔ)從句的，更何況A還用了介詞盡量補(bǔ)出的原則，所以答案選A。
由上面的分析可以看出，GMAT語(yǔ)法的相對(duì)正確不僅包括從幾個(gè)都是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)中去選出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較輕微的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案，還包括從幾個(gè)都是正確的選項(xiàng)中找出一個(gè)最符合正確答案特征的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案，這樣就體現(xiàn)了GMAT考試的能力性，增加了它的難度。但只要大家對(duì)真題進(jìn)行反復(fù)的練習(xí)，相信大家一定能夠?qū)ο鄬?duì)正確性有一個(gè)很好的理解和把握。
1.The proposed urban development zones do not represent a new principle; it was employed in “Operation Bootstrap” in Puerto Rico.
(A) do not represent a new principle; it
(B) represent not a new principle, but one that
(C) are not a new principle; the same one
(D) are not a new principle, but one that（B）
(E) are not new in principle; it
首先這是一道考邏輯的題目，題目說(shuō)城市發(fā)展區(qū)并沒(méi)有代表一個(gè)新原則，但是C, D, E把represent改成了be動(dòng)詞，意思就變成城市發(fā)展區(qū)是一個(gè)新原則了，我們只能說(shuō)城市發(fā)展區(qū)代表一個(gè)原則，而不能說(shuō)城市發(fā)展區(qū)是一個(gè)原則，所以這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)邏輯都錯(cuò)了。A, B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)其實(shí)邏輯和語(yǔ)法都正確，但是選項(xiàng)B使用了not…but這個(gè)使句子更為對(duì)稱的結(jié)構(gòu)，而根據(jù)正確答案一般都是符合對(duì)稱性的選項(xiàng)的原則，所以答案選E。
我們?cè)倏匆坏婪浅ｎ愃频念}目：
2．For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788, England exiled some 160,000 criminals to Australia.
(A) For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788
(B) Beginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years
(C) Beginning a period of almost a hundred years, in 1788
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788
這道題目和剛才那道題目非常類似，A,B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)beginning用來(lái)修飾England，這樣就變成英格蘭建國(guó)于1788年了，雖然說(shuō)我們?cè)诳紙?chǎng)上可能不知道英格蘭建國(guó)于哪一年，但肯定不是1788年而應(yīng)該更早，所以A,B,C都錯(cuò)了。D選項(xiàng)和E選項(xiàng)其實(shí)語(yǔ)法和邏輯都正確，但是D選項(xiàng)犯了個(gè)很小的語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣上的錯(cuò)誤。一般同位語(yǔ)只用來(lái)修飾句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，而不能修飾句子的從屬部分。D中a period作為同位語(yǔ)，修飾了前面的狀語(yǔ)a hundred years, 所以錯(cuò)了。但這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤非常之小，脫離了這道題目一般不用考慮。
最后我們?cè)倏匆坏李}來(lái)說(shuō)明從幾個(gè)都是正確的選項(xiàng)中來(lái)找出一個(gè)相對(duì)正確答案的應(yīng)用。
3．At the time of the Mexican agrarian revolution, the most radical faction, that of Zapata and his followers, proposed a return to communal ownership of land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards.
(A) land, to what had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards
(B) land, a form of ownership of the pre-Columbians and respected by the Spaniards
(C) land, respected by the Spaniards and a pre-Columbian form of ownership
(D) land in which a pre-Columbian form of ownership was respected by the Spaniards（A）
(E) land that had been a pre-Columbian form of ownership respected by the Spaniards
這道題目中A選項(xiàng)的what引導(dǎo)的從句是作為同位語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)的，而一般同位語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)都是正確答案的標(biāo)志，因?yàn)樗芎?jiǎn)潔，指代對(duì)象也很清楚。有些同學(xué)可能會(huì)疑惑為何加了個(gè)to，其實(shí)這個(gè)to正是一個(gè)正確答案的標(biāo)志，它符合了介詞盡量補(bǔ)出的原則。由于前面的結(jié)構(gòu)是to communal ownership of land，為了使what修飾communal ownership,所以前面補(bǔ)了個(gè)to ,這樣就消除了任何歧義，what只能修飾ownership了。B選項(xiàng)and前后不對(duì)稱，前面是一個(gè)名詞而后面是一個(gè)分詞，C選項(xiàng)前面是個(gè)分詞后面是個(gè)名詞也不對(duì)稱，所以都錯(cuò)了。D和E語(yǔ)法與邏輯沒(méi)有大問(wèn)題，但是考慮到它們都用了定語(yǔ)從句，而A中的同位語(yǔ)是優(yōu)于定語(yǔ)從句的，更何況A還用了介詞盡量補(bǔ)出的原則，所以答案選A。
由上面的分析可以看出，GMAT語(yǔ)法的相對(duì)正確不僅包括從幾個(gè)都是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)中去選出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較輕微的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案，還包括從幾個(gè)都是正確的選項(xiàng)中找出一個(gè)最符合正確答案特征的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案，這樣就體現(xiàn)了GMAT考試的能力性，增加了它的難度。但只要大家對(duì)真題進(jìn)行反復(fù)的練習(xí)，相信大家一定能夠?qū)ο鄬?duì)正確性有一個(gè)很好的理解和把握。