3月22日以色列暗殺巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭抵抗運動（哈馬斯）精神領(lǐng)袖
亞辛，引起了國際社會的廣泛譴責。英語之聲網(wǎng)站專門列出了一份中
東問題術(shù)語表和以巴關(guān)系常用新聞詞匯，讓讀者自己來分析以巴間的
恩恩怨怨和收聽相關(guān)新聞廣播。
---巴勒斯坦民族"災難日"--Al-Naqba
Al-Naqba是巴勒斯坦人一年一度的"災難日"。1948年5月14日晚，以色
列宣布建國。次日，第一次中東戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，７０萬巴勒斯坦人無家可
歸，淪為難民。于是巴勒斯坦人把每年的5月15日命名為 "災難日"，
紀念巴民眾的悲慘命運。
The annual "day of catastrophe" marked by Palestinians on the
anniversary of Israel's declaration of independence on May
14, 1948. Palestinian demonstrations, combining mourning and
anger, come a day later.
---戴維營--Camp David
為打破長期敵對的局面，1977年11月，埃及總統(tǒng)薩達特訪問以色列。
1978年9月，埃、以、美三方在美國的戴維營達成和解協(xié)議，戴維營也
因此出名。2000年夏天，美國前總統(tǒng)克林頓、以色列總理巴拉克和巴
勒斯坦民族權(quán)力機構(gòu)主席阿拉法特又一次聚首戴維營，希望能達成類
似的歷史性協(xié)議，卻以失敗告終。
The US presidential retreat outside Washington where numerous
Middle East negotiations have been held. The location became
famous for the 1978 Camp David peace accords, brokered by
President Jimmy Carter, between Israel and Egypt. In the
context of the current conflict, Camp David is commonly a
reference to last summer's failed attempt by President Bill
Clinton to achieve a similarly historic final settlement
between Israel and the Palestinians.
---加沙地帶--Gaza Strip
也稱加沙走廊。1967年,以色列和埃及打起了"六日戰(zhàn)爭"，并從埃及手
中把這塊地中海海岸人口密集的長條形地帶奪走?，F(xiàn)在,這周圍住有
100萬人，其中有大約6500名*人，但他們卻控制了加沙地帶30％的
土地。
The densely populated sliver of Mediterranean coast which
Israel seized from Egypt in the Six Day War of 1967. Now home
to around 1m people, including some 6,500 Jewish settlers who
control 30% of the land.
---哈馬斯--Hamas
伊斯蘭抵抗運動的簡稱，是巴勒斯坦地區(qū)反以的伊斯蘭軍事組織
。他們渴望以暴力手段結(jié)束以色列對巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)土的控制，建立一個
巴勒斯坦國。
The biggest of the militant Islamist groups which aspire to
the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic
state of Palestine.
---"高貴的避難所"--Haram al－Sharif
這是耶路撒冷中心地帶一個清真寺的名字，意指"高貴的避難所"。穆
斯林將它視作第三圣地，而*教將其稱作"圣殿山"（Temple Mount
），認為這里是公元1世紀被羅馬人毀滅的第二圣殿遺址所在。
The Arab name for the mosque complex in the heart of
Jerusalem which is generally reckoned to be the third most
holy site in Islam. It is also the most holy site in Judaism.
It is known to Jews as the Temple Mount, where the Second
Temple was destroyed by the Romans in the first century AD.
---起義--Intifada
Intifada一詞最通用的譯法就是"起義"。 1987年12月9日，一輛*
人的卡車闖入加沙地帶"加伯利亞難民營"，壓死4名巴勒斯坦人。加沙
的巴勒斯坦人憤怒地走上街頭，展開與以色列*持續(xù)6年
的"Intifada"，迫使以色列*不得不重新審視其擴張政策，并開始
和巴解組織領(lǐng)導人阿拉法特進行談判。
Most commonly, and very loosely, translated as "uprising".
The word first gained common currency during bloody
disturbances which erupted in the occupied territories
towards the end of 1987, and continued for nearly six years.
That intifada is widely credited with forcing the Israelis to
re-think their occupation strategy, and to enter negotiations
with Yasser Arafat's Palestine Liberation Organisation.
---"被占領(lǐng)土"--Occupied Territories
指約旦河西岸地區(qū)和加沙地帶。這兩各地區(qū)是以色列從約旦和埃及手
里搶來的。此外還包括耶路撒冷東部和舊城在內(nèi)的地方，這些地區(qū)在"
六日戰(zhàn)爭"時被以色列接管，隨后被吞并為以色列領(lǐng)土。
The West Bank and Gaza Strip, seized from Jordan and Egypt
respectively in the Six Day War of 1967. Also, the eastern
part of Jerusalem, including the Old City, which was taken
over at the same time and subsequently illegally annexed by
Israel.
---奧斯陸協(xié)議--Oslo agreement
巴勒斯坦解放組織和以色列方面經(jīng)過多輪艱苦談判而達成的和平協(xié)議
綱領(lǐng)，1993年9月在美國白宮草坪由阿拉法特和以色列前總理拉賓共同
簽署。
The outline peace deal worked out in negotiations between
Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organizations, secretly
conducted in Norway. The agreement was sealed with the famous
handshake between Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin on the
White House lawn in September 1993.
---巴勒斯坦民族權(quán)力機構(gòu)--Palestine National Authority
巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)土的臨時政府，由阿拉法特領(lǐng)導。由于以色列方面不承認
巴勒斯坦國，他們在稱呼這個詞時經(jīng)常把"National"給省略掉。
Palestine National Authority
The interim government of the Palestinian territories, headed
by Yasser Arafat. Israelis, who do not recognize a
Palestinian state, always drop the word 'National'.
---巴解組織--PLO
全稱是巴勒斯坦解放組織，阿拉法特領(lǐng)導的政治和軍事組織。其下屬
的法塔赫是巴解組織的軍事組織，而法塔赫旗下又有多個不同的
小組。
Palestine Liberation Organization. The umbrella group of
political and militant groups headed by Yasser Arafat, whose
Fatah faction is the biggest single component. Fatah in turn
is subdivided into various groups. One of the most recent to
emerge is the semi-autonomous Tanzim movement of young street
fighters.
---"六日戰(zhàn)爭"--Six Day War
1967年6月，以色列向其鄰國發(fā)動了大規(guī)模的突襲，重創(chuàng)了阿拉伯國家
的軍事實力。在短短的一個星期內(nèi)，以軍控制了耶路撒冷和約旦河西
岸，戈蘭高地，以及加沙地帶和西奈半島。這場持續(xù)了6天的戰(zhàn)爭被稱
為"六日戰(zhàn)爭"，西奈半島是以色列的戰(zhàn)利品。在1978年簽訂了"戴
維營協(xié)議"后，以色列將其歸還給了埃及。
In June 1967, Israel mounted a dazzling series of pre-emptive
strikes against the Arab armies massing on its borders. In
less than a week, the triumphant Israeli forces seized
Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan, the Golan Heights
from Syria, and the Gaza Strip and Sinai peninsula from
Egypt. Sinai, the biggest conquest in land area, was returned
to Egypt in the wake of the Camp David agreement of 1978.
---約旦河西岸--West Bank
約旦河以西的約旦領(lǐng)土，1967年被以色列占領(lǐng)。更早時為英屬巴勒斯
坦所有，1950年以色列在獨立戰(zhàn)爭中擊敗了阿拉伯聯(lián)軍，被約旦趁機
吞并。
The Jordanian territory west of the river Jordan which Israel
captured in 1967. Originally part of British-mandated
Palestine, but annexed by Jordan in 1950 after Israel's
defeat of the joint Arab armies in the war of independence.
---"贖罪日之戰(zhàn)"--Yom Kippur War
Yom Kippur是*人的贖罪日。這一天，以色列全國，包括軍隊在內(nèi)
都會休息一天，頌經(jīng)禱告。1973年的贖罪日，埃及和敘利亞軍隊對以
色列發(fā)動了突然襲擊，以軍措手不及，損失慘重。但以軍隨后利用其
空中優(yōu)勢進行反擊，迅速奪回了所失領(lǐng)土，最后甚至直逼埃及首都開
羅。
Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and
strictly observed day in the Jewish calendar. On that day in
1973, the armies of Egypt and Syria launched a surprise joint
attack on the Jewish state. After initial reverses, the
Israeli forces struck back and recaptured all the territory
that they lost in the early days. The war effectively crushed
the old Arab ambition of destroying Israel by force.
亞辛，引起了國際社會的廣泛譴責。英語之聲網(wǎng)站專門列出了一份中
東問題術(shù)語表和以巴關(guān)系常用新聞詞匯，讓讀者自己來分析以巴間的
恩恩怨怨和收聽相關(guān)新聞廣播。
---巴勒斯坦民族"災難日"--Al-Naqba
Al-Naqba是巴勒斯坦人一年一度的"災難日"。1948年5月14日晚，以色
列宣布建國。次日，第一次中東戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，７０萬巴勒斯坦人無家可
歸，淪為難民。于是巴勒斯坦人把每年的5月15日命名為 "災難日"，
紀念巴民眾的悲慘命運。
The annual "day of catastrophe" marked by Palestinians on the
anniversary of Israel's declaration of independence on May
14, 1948. Palestinian demonstrations, combining mourning and
anger, come a day later.
---戴維營--Camp David
為打破長期敵對的局面，1977年11月，埃及總統(tǒng)薩達特訪問以色列。
1978年9月，埃、以、美三方在美國的戴維營達成和解協(xié)議，戴維營也
因此出名。2000年夏天，美國前總統(tǒng)克林頓、以色列總理巴拉克和巴
勒斯坦民族權(quán)力機構(gòu)主席阿拉法特又一次聚首戴維營，希望能達成類
似的歷史性協(xié)議，卻以失敗告終。
The US presidential retreat outside Washington where numerous
Middle East negotiations have been held. The location became
famous for the 1978 Camp David peace accords, brokered by
President Jimmy Carter, between Israel and Egypt. In the
context of the current conflict, Camp David is commonly a
reference to last summer's failed attempt by President Bill
Clinton to achieve a similarly historic final settlement
between Israel and the Palestinians.
---加沙地帶--Gaza Strip
也稱加沙走廊。1967年,以色列和埃及打起了"六日戰(zhàn)爭"，并從埃及手
中把這塊地中海海岸人口密集的長條形地帶奪走?，F(xiàn)在,這周圍住有
100萬人，其中有大約6500名*人，但他們卻控制了加沙地帶30％的
土地。
The densely populated sliver of Mediterranean coast which
Israel seized from Egypt in the Six Day War of 1967. Now home
to around 1m people, including some 6,500 Jewish settlers who
control 30% of the land.
---哈馬斯--Hamas
伊斯蘭抵抗運動的簡稱，是巴勒斯坦地區(qū)反以的伊斯蘭軍事組織
。他們渴望以暴力手段結(jié)束以色列對巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)土的控制，建立一個
巴勒斯坦國。
The biggest of the militant Islamist groups which aspire to
the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic
state of Palestine.
---"高貴的避難所"--Haram al－Sharif
這是耶路撒冷中心地帶一個清真寺的名字，意指"高貴的避難所"。穆
斯林將它視作第三圣地，而*教將其稱作"圣殿山"（Temple Mount
），認為這里是公元1世紀被羅馬人毀滅的第二圣殿遺址所在。
The Arab name for the mosque complex in the heart of
Jerusalem which is generally reckoned to be the third most
holy site in Islam. It is also the most holy site in Judaism.
It is known to Jews as the Temple Mount, where the Second
Temple was destroyed by the Romans in the first century AD.
---起義--Intifada
Intifada一詞最通用的譯法就是"起義"。 1987年12月9日，一輛*
人的卡車闖入加沙地帶"加伯利亞難民營"，壓死4名巴勒斯坦人。加沙
的巴勒斯坦人憤怒地走上街頭，展開與以色列*持續(xù)6年
的"Intifada"，迫使以色列*不得不重新審視其擴張政策，并開始
和巴解組織領(lǐng)導人阿拉法特進行談判。
Most commonly, and very loosely, translated as "uprising".
The word first gained common currency during bloody
disturbances which erupted in the occupied territories
towards the end of 1987, and continued for nearly six years.
That intifada is widely credited with forcing the Israelis to
re-think their occupation strategy, and to enter negotiations
with Yasser Arafat's Palestine Liberation Organisation.
---"被占領(lǐng)土"--Occupied Territories
指約旦河西岸地區(qū)和加沙地帶。這兩各地區(qū)是以色列從約旦和埃及手
里搶來的。此外還包括耶路撒冷東部和舊城在內(nèi)的地方，這些地區(qū)在"
六日戰(zhàn)爭"時被以色列接管，隨后被吞并為以色列領(lǐng)土。
The West Bank and Gaza Strip, seized from Jordan and Egypt
respectively in the Six Day War of 1967. Also, the eastern
part of Jerusalem, including the Old City, which was taken
over at the same time and subsequently illegally annexed by
Israel.
---奧斯陸協(xié)議--Oslo agreement
巴勒斯坦解放組織和以色列方面經(jīng)過多輪艱苦談判而達成的和平協(xié)議
綱領(lǐng)，1993年9月在美國白宮草坪由阿拉法特和以色列前總理拉賓共同
簽署。
The outline peace deal worked out in negotiations between
Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organizations, secretly
conducted in Norway. The agreement was sealed with the famous
handshake between Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin on the
White House lawn in September 1993.
---巴勒斯坦民族權(quán)力機構(gòu)--Palestine National Authority
巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)土的臨時政府，由阿拉法特領(lǐng)導。由于以色列方面不承認
巴勒斯坦國，他們在稱呼這個詞時經(jīng)常把"National"給省略掉。
Palestine National Authority
The interim government of the Palestinian territories, headed
by Yasser Arafat. Israelis, who do not recognize a
Palestinian state, always drop the word 'National'.
---巴解組織--PLO
全稱是巴勒斯坦解放組織，阿拉法特領(lǐng)導的政治和軍事組織。其下屬
的法塔赫是巴解組織的軍事組織，而法塔赫旗下又有多個不同的
小組。
Palestine Liberation Organization. The umbrella group of
political and militant groups headed by Yasser Arafat, whose
Fatah faction is the biggest single component. Fatah in turn
is subdivided into various groups. One of the most recent to
emerge is the semi-autonomous Tanzim movement of young street
fighters.
---"六日戰(zhàn)爭"--Six Day War
1967年6月，以色列向其鄰國發(fā)動了大規(guī)模的突襲，重創(chuàng)了阿拉伯國家
的軍事實力。在短短的一個星期內(nèi)，以軍控制了耶路撒冷和約旦河西
岸，戈蘭高地，以及加沙地帶和西奈半島。這場持續(xù)了6天的戰(zhàn)爭被稱
為"六日戰(zhàn)爭"，西奈半島是以色列的戰(zhàn)利品。在1978年簽訂了"戴
維營協(xié)議"后，以色列將其歸還給了埃及。
In June 1967, Israel mounted a dazzling series of pre-emptive
strikes against the Arab armies massing on its borders. In
less than a week, the triumphant Israeli forces seized
Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan, the Golan Heights
from Syria, and the Gaza Strip and Sinai peninsula from
Egypt. Sinai, the biggest conquest in land area, was returned
to Egypt in the wake of the Camp David agreement of 1978.
---約旦河西岸--West Bank
約旦河以西的約旦領(lǐng)土，1967年被以色列占領(lǐng)。更早時為英屬巴勒斯
坦所有，1950年以色列在獨立戰(zhàn)爭中擊敗了阿拉伯聯(lián)軍，被約旦趁機
吞并。
The Jordanian territory west of the river Jordan which Israel
captured in 1967. Originally part of British-mandated
Palestine, but annexed by Jordan in 1950 after Israel's
defeat of the joint Arab armies in the war of independence.
---"贖罪日之戰(zhàn)"--Yom Kippur War
Yom Kippur是*人的贖罪日。這一天，以色列全國，包括軍隊在內(nèi)
都會休息一天，頌經(jīng)禱告。1973年的贖罪日，埃及和敘利亞軍隊對以
色列發(fā)動了突然襲擊，以軍措手不及，損失慘重。但以軍隨后利用其
空中優(yōu)勢進行反擊，迅速奪回了所失領(lǐng)土，最后甚至直逼埃及首都開
羅。
Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and
strictly observed day in the Jewish calendar. On that day in
1973, the armies of Egypt and Syria launched a surprise joint
attack on the Jewish state. After initial reverses, the
Israeli forces struck back and recaptured all the territory
that they lost in the early days. The war effectively crushed
the old Arab ambition of destroying Israel by force.