6. The First Class 第一堂課
A: Today I had my first English class
B: How was it?
A: It was interesting. The teacher gave us three ways to help ourselves learn the language. First, stop talking anything except English. Then learn many complete sentences by heart. Finally, have American friends tell us how they say things we have trouble with, and always imitate them.
Notes:
by heart 默記
how they say things we have trouble with 我們感到難以表達(dá)的那些事物他們是如何表述的
imitate 模仿
譯文：
A：今天我上了第一堂英語(yǔ)課。
B：課上得怎樣？
A：很在意思。老師告訴我們有三種方法可幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。首先,除英語(yǔ)外不要用其他語(yǔ)言談話(huà)。其次.背下大量完整的句子。后請(qǐng)美國(guó)朋友告訴我們，我們?cè)诳谡Z(yǔ)中感到困難的那些句子，他們是怎樣表達(dá)的,并且要一直模仿他們。
7. Hearing and Writing 聽(tīng)和寫(xiě)
A: Tell me about your English class, Mary.
B: Well, yesterday the teacher wro-te some sentences on the board. The first was "if you can't produce the sounds of a langua-ge acceptable, then you can't really hear them when other people make them". Next he worte, "if you can't hear the sounds of a language then you probably can't write the language well. Your inadequate pronunciation contributes to making your writing substandard."
A: Do you think that's right?
B: I don't know, Bob. I'll tell you when the course is over.
Notes
Substandasd--unacceptable, inferior
譯文：
A：瑪麗，給我說(shuō)說(shuō)你們英語(yǔ)課。
B：好吧，昨天老師在黑板上寫(xiě)了一些句子。第一句話(huà)是"對(duì)于一種語(yǔ)言如果你不能正確地發(fā)音,那么當(dāng)別人發(fā)這些音時(shí)你實(shí)際上不可能聽(tīng)懂。"然后他又寫(xiě)道“如果你聽(tīng)不懂一種語(yǔ)言的發(fā)音，你大概也不可能很好地書(shū)寫(xiě)這種語(yǔ)言。你的不合格的發(fā)音將導(dǎo)致你的書(shū)寫(xiě)也不能令人滿(mǎn)意?！?BR> A：你認(rèn)為這對(duì)嗎？
B：我不知道，鮑勃。等這門(mén)課結(jié)束時(shí)我會(huì)告訴你的。
8. Learning English 學(xué)英語(yǔ)
A: Ralph, do me a favor, will you?
B: That all depends on what it is.
A: This is the proble, I'm still having trouble with my English. The instructor suggests that I ask an American to help me by telling me how he says the things I say which just aren't English. I wanted you to be the American.
B: What good'll it do? You never speak English unless you absolutely have to. I'll help you if you promise to speak noting but English all the time.
A: All right. Maybe I'll do that. It's the only way I'll be able to learn English fast enough, I guess.
Notes
What good'll it do? - it will be useless
Unless you absolutely have to… 除了你非…不可
Make a bargain with sb. 同…約定
A：拉爾夫，幫我一個(gè)忙，好嗎？
B：這要看幫什么忙。
A：我有個(gè)困難。我的英語(yǔ)仍然遇到麻煩。老師建議我請(qǐng)一位美國(guó)人幫助，要他告訴我，我說(shuō)的那些根本不像英語(yǔ)的話(huà)應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣說(shuō)。我想要你做這個(gè)美國(guó)人。
B：這有什么用？你除了非說(shuō)不可的時(shí)候，你從來(lái)不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。好吧！我跟你達(dá)成一個(gè)協(xié)議：如果你保證在任何時(shí)候除了英語(yǔ)外什么也不說(shuō)，我就幫助你。
A：好吧，也許我能辦得到。我想這是我能迅速學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)的方法。
9. Learning Vocabulary 學(xué)習(xí)詞匯
A: I don't understand why we have to memorize conversations. We need more vocabulary, not pronunciation.
B: Don't you think memorizing conversations is a part of learning vocabulary? Every time we memorize a conversation, we're memorizing a whole series of contexts. Each context tells us one way a word can be used, I know from my own language that I can't always use words by simply looking them up in a dictionary and then putting them into sentences. Some words have many meanings. We have to know which meanings go where.
Notes
Context (文章或講話(huà)中的)前后文(根據(jù)前后文的邏輯可以確定某一個(gè)具有多種解釋的詞或短語(yǔ)的含義)
Which meanings go where 哪一種解釋講得通
A：我弄不懂為什么我們一定要記住會(huì)話(huà)。我們需要的是詞匯，而不是發(fā)音。
B：你不認(rèn)為記住會(huì)話(huà)是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的一個(gè)組成部分嗎？每當(dāng)我們記住一句會(huì)話(huà)，我們就記住了全部的上下文。而這上下文可以供我們了解一個(gè)單詞的一種用法。我從自己的語(yǔ)言中意識(shí)到，光靠查詞典然后把這些詞匯拼成句子，并不意味著會(huì)正確使用這些詞。有些意識(shí)有很多解釋。我們必須弄清楚在哪種情況下適用哪一種解釋。
10.Spelling 拼寫(xiě)
A: You know, Ralph, since I started speaking English all the time my pronunciation's getting better and even the grammar's beginning to make some sense. But I don't think I'll ever be able to spell.
B: You're not alone there. I have trouble with spelling too. When I was in grade school, I learned which words were the most frequently misspelled, but I never did learn how to spell them.
A: Since it's so difficult, why is it so important to learn how to spell properly?
B: Because if you spell satisfactorily, you're considered educated. If you don't, you're not.
Notes
Make sense - to become understandable
Grade school (美國(guó)的)小學(xué)
A：拉爾夫，你知道，自從我開(kāi)始所有時(shí)間都講英語(yǔ)以來(lái)，我的發(fā)音有了進(jìn)步，而且語(yǔ)法也開(kāi)始理順了。不過(guò)我不認(rèn)為我能把字拼出來(lái)。
B：不是你一個(gè)人如此。我在拼音方面也有困難。當(dāng)我上小學(xué)的時(shí)候，我知道哪些詞是經(jīng)常拼錯(cuò)的，但我沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)如何拼這些詞。
A：既然這么難，為什么學(xué)會(huì)準(zhǔn)確拼音又如此重要呢？
B：因?yàn)槿绻隳軠?zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地拼音，人家就會(huì)把你看作受到教育的人。否則，在別人眼里你是個(gè)缺乏教育的人。
A: Today I had my first English class
B: How was it?
A: It was interesting. The teacher gave us three ways to help ourselves learn the language. First, stop talking anything except English. Then learn many complete sentences by heart. Finally, have American friends tell us how they say things we have trouble with, and always imitate them.
Notes:
by heart 默記
how they say things we have trouble with 我們感到難以表達(dá)的那些事物他們是如何表述的
imitate 模仿
譯文：
A：今天我上了第一堂英語(yǔ)課。
B：課上得怎樣？
A：很在意思。老師告訴我們有三種方法可幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。首先,除英語(yǔ)外不要用其他語(yǔ)言談話(huà)。其次.背下大量完整的句子。后請(qǐng)美國(guó)朋友告訴我們，我們?cè)诳谡Z(yǔ)中感到困難的那些句子，他們是怎樣表達(dá)的,并且要一直模仿他們。
7. Hearing and Writing 聽(tīng)和寫(xiě)
A: Tell me about your English class, Mary.
B: Well, yesterday the teacher wro-te some sentences on the board. The first was "if you can't produce the sounds of a langua-ge acceptable, then you can't really hear them when other people make them". Next he worte, "if you can't hear the sounds of a language then you probably can't write the language well. Your inadequate pronunciation contributes to making your writing substandard."
A: Do you think that's right?
B: I don't know, Bob. I'll tell you when the course is over.
Notes
Substandasd--unacceptable, inferior
譯文：
A：瑪麗，給我說(shuō)說(shuō)你們英語(yǔ)課。
B：好吧，昨天老師在黑板上寫(xiě)了一些句子。第一句話(huà)是"對(duì)于一種語(yǔ)言如果你不能正確地發(fā)音,那么當(dāng)別人發(fā)這些音時(shí)你實(shí)際上不可能聽(tīng)懂。"然后他又寫(xiě)道“如果你聽(tīng)不懂一種語(yǔ)言的發(fā)音，你大概也不可能很好地書(shū)寫(xiě)這種語(yǔ)言。你的不合格的發(fā)音將導(dǎo)致你的書(shū)寫(xiě)也不能令人滿(mǎn)意?！?BR> A：你認(rèn)為這對(duì)嗎？
B：我不知道，鮑勃。等這門(mén)課結(jié)束時(shí)我會(huì)告訴你的。
8. Learning English 學(xué)英語(yǔ)
A: Ralph, do me a favor, will you?
B: That all depends on what it is.
A: This is the proble, I'm still having trouble with my English. The instructor suggests that I ask an American to help me by telling me how he says the things I say which just aren't English. I wanted you to be the American.
B: What good'll it do? You never speak English unless you absolutely have to. I'll help you if you promise to speak noting but English all the time.
A: All right. Maybe I'll do that. It's the only way I'll be able to learn English fast enough, I guess.
Notes
What good'll it do? - it will be useless
Unless you absolutely have to… 除了你非…不可
Make a bargain with sb. 同…約定
A：拉爾夫，幫我一個(gè)忙，好嗎？
B：這要看幫什么忙。
A：我有個(gè)困難。我的英語(yǔ)仍然遇到麻煩。老師建議我請(qǐng)一位美國(guó)人幫助，要他告訴我，我說(shuō)的那些根本不像英語(yǔ)的話(huà)應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣說(shuō)。我想要你做這個(gè)美國(guó)人。
B：這有什么用？你除了非說(shuō)不可的時(shí)候，你從來(lái)不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。好吧！我跟你達(dá)成一個(gè)協(xié)議：如果你保證在任何時(shí)候除了英語(yǔ)外什么也不說(shuō)，我就幫助你。
A：好吧，也許我能辦得到。我想這是我能迅速學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)的方法。
9. Learning Vocabulary 學(xué)習(xí)詞匯
A: I don't understand why we have to memorize conversations. We need more vocabulary, not pronunciation.
B: Don't you think memorizing conversations is a part of learning vocabulary? Every time we memorize a conversation, we're memorizing a whole series of contexts. Each context tells us one way a word can be used, I know from my own language that I can't always use words by simply looking them up in a dictionary and then putting them into sentences. Some words have many meanings. We have to know which meanings go where.
Notes
Context (文章或講話(huà)中的)前后文(根據(jù)前后文的邏輯可以確定某一個(gè)具有多種解釋的詞或短語(yǔ)的含義)
Which meanings go where 哪一種解釋講得通
A：我弄不懂為什么我們一定要記住會(huì)話(huà)。我們需要的是詞匯，而不是發(fā)音。
B：你不認(rèn)為記住會(huì)話(huà)是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的一個(gè)組成部分嗎？每當(dāng)我們記住一句會(huì)話(huà)，我們就記住了全部的上下文。而這上下文可以供我們了解一個(gè)單詞的一種用法。我從自己的語(yǔ)言中意識(shí)到，光靠查詞典然后把這些詞匯拼成句子，并不意味著會(huì)正確使用這些詞。有些意識(shí)有很多解釋。我們必須弄清楚在哪種情況下適用哪一種解釋。
10.Spelling 拼寫(xiě)
A: You know, Ralph, since I started speaking English all the time my pronunciation's getting better and even the grammar's beginning to make some sense. But I don't think I'll ever be able to spell.
B: You're not alone there. I have trouble with spelling too. When I was in grade school, I learned which words were the most frequently misspelled, but I never did learn how to spell them.
A: Since it's so difficult, why is it so important to learn how to spell properly?
B: Because if you spell satisfactorily, you're considered educated. If you don't, you're not.
Notes
Make sense - to become understandable
Grade school (美國(guó)的)小學(xué)
A：拉爾夫，你知道，自從我開(kāi)始所有時(shí)間都講英語(yǔ)以來(lái)，我的發(fā)音有了進(jìn)步，而且語(yǔ)法也開(kāi)始理順了。不過(guò)我不認(rèn)為我能把字拼出來(lái)。
B：不是你一個(gè)人如此。我在拼音方面也有困難。當(dāng)我上小學(xué)的時(shí)候，我知道哪些詞是經(jīng)常拼錯(cuò)的，但我沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)如何拼這些詞。
A：既然這么難，為什么學(xué)會(huì)準(zhǔn)確拼音又如此重要呢？
B：因?yàn)槿绻隳軠?zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地拼音，人家就會(huì)把你看作受到教育的人。否則，在別人眼里你是個(gè)缺乏教育的人。