2005年4月23日，博鰲亞洲論壇2005年年會在海南博鰲開幕。中國全國政協(xié)主席賈慶林出席年會開幕式上。來自40多個國家和地區(qū)的1200多名政界、工商界人士和專家學(xué)者將就亞洲的新角色和亞歐合作的未來、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的挑戰(zhàn)、世界貿(mào)易組織新一輪談判展望、匯率政策和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長等議題展開討論。
這是澳大利亞總理霍華德在會上發(fā)表演講。
Chairman Jia Qinglin, Your Excellencies, my fellow Heads of Government, ladies and gentlemen,
I am really delighted to be able to participate in this Forum. I do so as the leader of a nation whose commitment to and involvement in this part of the world, the affairs, the hopes, the aspirations, and the future of the Asian region is unqualified. Perhaps to illustrate that I should point out to you that I attend this Forum having just completed two very important bilateral visits to China and Japan. When in Beijing I witnessed the signing of an agreement to commence negotiations for a bilateral Free Trade Agreement between Australia and China. When in Tokyo we reached an understanding for a feasibility study into the possibility of a Free Trade Agreement between Australia and Japan.
It also comes, this visit of mine, at the end of a period of very intense exchange and activity between Australia and the member nations of the Asian family. We hosted recently a visit to Australia, the first in 20 years, by a Malaysian Prime Minister from the speaker, the Malaysian Prime Minister who has just so eloquently addressed you. And a few days prior to that we hosted a visit from President Yudhoyono of Indonesia. I mention these things to emphasise the naturalness of the association and the exchange between Australia and the nations of this region.
It is common ground to this conference, ladies and gentlemen, that Asia has experienced extraordinary economic growth over the last decades, particularly over the last 10 years. Australia herself has been a great beneficiary of Asia‘s economic strength and Asia’s economic growth. Japan has been Australia‘s best customer since 1969 and in the context of the answer given by the Prime Minister of Malaysia to the last question, can I point out that the foundations of that relationship between Australia and Japan were laid as far back as 1957 when a landmark Commerce Agreement was signed between the governments of Australia and Japan, only 12 years after the end of World War II. And it indicated a far sightedness on the part of the leadership of those two nations.
Bilateral trade between Australia and China has quadrupled over the last 10 years. And a Korean company, POSCO, remains the single best customer for Australians goods and services anywhere in the world. I mention these things to emphasise the benefits that Australia has derived from the growth of the Asian economy. But it‘s been a complementary process. There has been, as you all know, a huge growth in demand for Australian resources. And that will be the subject of a special session this afternoon. But it has been a two-way process, imports accounted for 30 per cent of the Australian textile, clothing and footwear market in 1991, by 2001 that had grown to 53 per cent. And can I also point out that Chinese clothing accounts for 73 per cent of all of Australian clothing imports. So it has not been a one-way process and there has been great complementarity to the exchanges.
There is of course immense optimism amongst all of us, and no doubt it will pervade this conference, that the momentum of economic growth in the Asian region will continue. And we have good reason to have that optimism. But I think we should also, amidst that optimism, remind ourselves that the experience of the past suggests that it should not be taken for granted, that it has to be nurtured and worked upon in order to be guaranteed. The Asian economic downturn of 1997 and 1998 was abrupt and brutal in its impact, and unfair in many respects in its impact on a number of the nations of the ASEAN region in particular. But it was nonetheless a reminder to all of us of how external shocks of that kind can come along and disrupt the flow and the momentum of seemingly inevitable growth. So drawing on that past experience, can I suggest to this Forum that there are some guiding principles which all of us need to adhere to to guarantee a continuation of the economic growth and prosperity that we regard as so important to the future of our peoples.
Firstly, I believe that the nations of the region must maintain strong and unwavering commitment to the principles of open trade and investment policies. There is plenty of evidence from the IMF and elsewhere that the most successful nations of the past 30 or 40 years have been those that have pursued open trade and investment policies. Those that have gone most quickly from being underdeveloped to rapidly developing countries have been those that have embraced open trade and investment policies. China‘s own growth, the extraordinary five times increase in GDP over the last 25 years dates from the decision taken by the Chinese leadership in the late 1970s to embrace more open policies. The same has been the case with India. And the spread of Free Trade Agreements in which Australia has been an active participant is an illustration of the desirability of continuing to embrace open trade and investment policies. Australia herself has signed Free Trade Agreements with Singapore and Thailand, we have commenced negotiations with China and also with Malaysia. All of these measures of course are consistent with our World Trade Organisation obligations, provided free trade agreements on a bilateral basis are consistent with the principles of free world trade there is no inconsistency at all with the goals of the WTO. And on the subject of the WTO, can I emphasise how important the gathering in Hong Kong will be later this year. We have not had a genuine world trade round successful concluded for a quarter of a century. And the future of the Doha trade round hangs critically in the balance. In the interests of the least developed countries of the world, who depend for 70 per cent of their income from exports from the agricultural sector, significant reductions in high agricultural tariffs, particularly from those areas of the world that maintain them at very high levels, will be necessary if a successful Doha round is to be completed.
Secondly, could I argue that there is a constant need for domestic economic reform within the individual member states of the Asian region. This applies just as much to highly developed countries such as Australia as it does to less well developed countries. And the reforms that different governments in Australia have undertaken over the last 20 years stood our country in remarkably good stead when the Asian economic downturn hit in 1997 and enabled us to go through that downturn with little apparent damage.
Thirdly, I think we should remind ourselves that despite all the multilateral cooperation that exists we still live in a world of nation states. And in times of crisis, and this was no better illustrated at the time of the tragic tsunami a few months ago, it was the capacity of individual nation states to respond, and Australia included, Singapore and the United States, the three of us rendering particular and immediate assistance to our friends in Indonesia who were so heavily hit. It is the capacity of nation states to act quickly and decisively that is still very important. And this means that individual nation states should constantly look to the transparency of their governance arrangements, that world wide investment flows will always go to nations which have transparent legal and accounting systems, that have a transparent banking system, and have strong clear rules of governance that affect the business community. And those rules can only be made and improved and altered and reformed by the actions of individual nation states.
Fourthly, we must remind ourselves for all our natural focus on the interaction of nations within this region that Asia should not become in any way inward looking. That we live in a global economic environment, and that is our future forever, whether we live in Asia, Europe or in North America. The United States will remain the most powerful economy in the world indefinitely. And the linkages between this region and the rest of the world are many. Once again let me illustrate by reference to my own country – Japan as I mentioned is our best customer, the European Union as an entity is our largest trading partner, the United States is our largest source of foreign investment, and we have recently signed, and it came into operation at the beginning of this year, a Free Trade Agreement with the United States.
Fifthly, let us also remind ourselves that threats of a non-economic kind and events of a non-economic kind can exact a fearful economic price. The tsunami hit hard many of the economies of the Indian Ocean area. The terrorist attacks that took place in Bali in 2002 had a terrible impact on the tourist industry of that lovely island. And the constant threat of terrorism exists as a danger in a very disturbing and disruptive way of the continued economic progress of so many of our member countries. And that of course reminds us of the need not only for the maximum cooperation amongst the nations of the region in a friendly, harmonious way of which the Malaysian Prime Minister spoke so eloquently. But it also means continued cooperation and association with other nations from outside the region in the worldwide fight against the scourge of terrorism.
Ladies and gentlemen, this is the first occasion that I‘ve been able to attend this Forum. I think the concept of this Forum is quite outstanding, it has deservedly grown in prestige and esteem in the few years that it’s been in operation. It‘s a chance for me at a very wide and prestigious forum to restate the unending commitment of my country to the prosperity of the region. We are forever together in this part of the world. We will forever need to work with each other, to respect each other, to help each other, to invest in each other’s economies, to buy and exchange each other‘s goods and services. Australia has must to offer the region. The region has much to offer my country. Not least of course the resource of its people and one of the realities and one of the outstanding characteristics of modern Australia is the contribution that people from different parts of our region are making to the shaping of our national life.
My friends, I‘ve enjoyed very much the privilege of being part of this Forum. I wish it well and I congratulate those who have conceived the idea of the Boao Forum only four or five years ago, they truly had the future of the region at heart.
Thank you.
賈慶林主席 各位貴賓 各國政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人 女士們、先生們，
能夠出席此次論壇，我感到很高興。我是以一個無條件地致力和參與亞洲地區(qū)的事務(wù)、它的希望、期待以及未來的國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人身份出席此次論壇的。為了說明這一點，也許我應(yīng)該先向大家介紹一下，在出席此次年會之前，我剛剛結(jié)束了兩次十分重要的雙邊訪問-中國和日本。在北京，我們簽署了一項關(guān)于就澳中雙邊自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議開展談判的協(xié)議。在東京，我們就開展澳日自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議可行性研究達(dá)成諒解。
在我此訪之前，澳大利亞與亞洲大家庭其他成員的交往和互動也十分頻繁。不久前，我們迎來了馬來西亞總理20年對澳大利亞的首次訪問，就是剛剛發(fā)表精彩演講的這位馬來西亞總理。而再往前幾天，印尼總統(tǒng)剛剛結(jié)束對澳大利亞的訪問。我提到這些，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)澳大利亞與本地區(qū)各國之間存在著天然的聯(lián)系和交往。
女士們、先生們，亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)幾十年來，尤其是過去10年來的突飛猛進(jìn)是博鰲論壇存在的基礎(chǔ)。澳大利亞就是亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)實力和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的一大受益者。日本自1969年以來就一直是澳大利亞的客戶。我想接著馬來西亞總理對最后一個提問的回答談一點看法。早在1957年，澳日兩國政府簽署了一項具有標(biāo)志性意義的商務(wù)協(xié)議，為澳日關(guān)系打下了基礎(chǔ)，而這距離二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束才不過12年。它顯示了兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的遠(yuǎn)見卓識。
過去10年，澳中雙邊貿(mào)易翻了兩番。而韓國浦項制鐵則一直是澳大利亞商品和服務(wù)的全球客戶。我提到這些，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)：澳大利亞從亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中獲益匪淺。但這是一個互補(bǔ)的過程。大家都知道，對澳大利亞資源的需求一直在增加。今天下午的專題會將專門討論這一問題。但這也是一個雙向的過程。1991年，澳大利亞紡織品、服裝和鞋類市場上，進(jìn)口占到30%。到2001年，這一比例已增至53%。我想指出的是，來自中國的服裝占澳大利亞服裝進(jìn)口總量的73%。所以，這不是一種單向的過程，貿(mào)易往來存在著很大的互補(bǔ)性。
我們普遍有一種樂觀的情緒，這一情緒無疑會影響到整個年會，即：亞洲地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的勢頭將保持下去。我們有理由這樣樂觀。但我認(rèn)為，在樂觀的同時，也應(yīng)該警示自己：以往的經(jīng)歷表明，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不能視為理所當(dāng)然。它需要細(xì)心呵護(hù)、努力奮斗，才能確保實現(xiàn)。1997、98年亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的滑坡，其后果是突如其來、殘酷無情的，給東盟許多國家?guī)淼闹T多后果是不公平的。但它對我們所有人都是一種警示：類似的外來的沖擊是如何產(chǎn)生、又是如何破壞一種看起來勢不可擋的增長勢頭的。鑒于以往的這種教訓(xùn)，我對大會有如下建議：有些指導(dǎo)性原則，我們每個人都需要遵守，以確保對我們的人民的未來如此重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠持續(xù)增長和繁榮。
首先，我認(rèn)為，本地區(qū)各國必須不遺余力、始終不渝地致力于開放貿(mào)易和投資政策。IMF等的事例足以說明，過去30、 40年來，最成功的國家是那些奉行開放貿(mào)易和投資政策的國家。能從不發(fā)達(dá)國家迅速轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻?jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展國家的，也都奉行了開放貿(mào)易和投資政策。中國自己的發(fā)展(GDP在過去25年中增長了五倍)源于七十年代末中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做出的開放決定。印度也是如此。澳大利亞一直積極參與的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議的浪潮，表明繼續(xù)奉行開放貿(mào)易和投資政策是人心所向。澳大利亞已與新加坡和泰國簽署了自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議。與中國和馬來西亞的談判也已啟動。當(dāng)然，所有這些舉措與我們的世貿(mào)組織義務(wù)是一致的。雙邊的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議只要與世界自由貿(mào)易的原則是一致的，就不會與世貿(mào)組織的目標(biāo)相悖。談到世貿(mào)組織，請允許我強(qiáng)調(diào)一下今年晚些時候在香港舉行的談判的重要性。多哈回合的成敗在此一舉?？紤]到那些收入的70%來源于農(nóng)業(yè)出口的世界最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的利益，要為多哈回合畫上一個圓滿的句號，必須大幅度降低農(nóng)業(yè)關(guān)稅，尤其是世界上那些稅率較高的地區(qū)。
其次，我認(rèn)為，亞洲地區(qū)各成員國需要不斷地進(jìn)行內(nèi)部改革。這一點對高度發(fā)達(dá)的國家如澳大利亞和不太發(fā)達(dá)的國家同樣適用。過去20年來澳大利亞歷屆政府進(jìn)行的改革，使我國在1997年亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡來臨之時已處于十分有利的態(tài)勢，幾乎毫發(fā)無損地渡過了那一困難時期。
第三，我認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該告誡自己：盡管存在著各種形式的多邊合作，我們?nèi)陨钤谝粋€民族國家主導(dǎo)的世界里。當(dāng)危機(jī)來臨之時(幾個月前海嘯的悲劇就是的例證)，民族國家能夠做出反應(yīng)。包括澳大利亞在內(nèi)的新加坡、美國等三個國家對遭受沉重打擊的印尼的朋友提供了特別和及時的援助。民族國家快速和決定性的反應(yīng)能力仍是十分重要的。這意味著各個民族國家應(yīng)該時時監(jiān)查其治理架構(gòu)的透明性。在全球范圍內(nèi)，投資總是流向那些有著透明的法律和會計制度、透明的銀行體系、強(qiáng)有力和明確的經(jīng)濟(jì)治理規(guī)則的國家。這些規(guī)則只有通過民族國家的行動才能得到制定、改進(jìn)、改變和改革。
第四，我們必須提醒自己：盡管我們的注意力會很自然地集中于本地區(qū)內(nèi)部各國間的往來，但亞洲絕不應(yīng)成為一個向內(nèi)看的地區(qū)。我們生活在一個全球化的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下。無論我們生活在亞洲、歐洲還是北美，我們的未來永遠(yuǎn)都會是這個樣子。美國將無限期地保持世界經(jīng)濟(jì)第一的地位。本地區(qū)和世界其他地區(qū)的聯(lián)系是廣泛的。請允許我再一次以我自己的國家為例加以說明-日本，我剛才說過，是我們的客戶。歐盟，作為一個整體，是我們的貿(mào)易伙伴。美國是我們的投資來源地。我們與美國最近簽署了一個自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議，已于年初正式實施。
最后，我們還要提醒自己：非經(jīng)濟(jì)性威脅和非經(jīng)濟(jì)性事件也會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果。海嘯使印度洋地區(qū)許多經(jīng)濟(jì)體遭受重創(chuàng)。2002年巴厘島發(fā)生的恐怖襲擊給這個美麗島嶼的旅游業(yè)帶來嚴(yán)重影響。令人不安和破壞力極大的恐怖主義的陰影，時時威脅著眾多成員國經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展。這當(dāng)然警示我們，本地區(qū)各國之間不僅需要以馬來西亞總理所雄辯地闡述的“友好、和諧的方式”盡可能進(jìn)行合作，還要同地區(qū)外其他國家不斷進(jìn)行合作、加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，在全球范圍內(nèi)打擊恐怖主義這一禍端。
女士們、先生們，這是我第一次得以出席論壇年會。我認(rèn)為，博鰲論壇是一個十分出色的創(chuàng)意。經(jīng)過數(shù)年的發(fā)展，論壇當(dāng)之無愧地享有了今天的威望和聲譽(yù)。對我來說，這是一次機(jī)會，可以在一個影響廣泛、聲名顯赫的論壇上重申，我國將永遠(yuǎn)致力于本地區(qū)的繁榮。在這一地區(qū)，我們永遠(yuǎn)站在一起。我們永遠(yuǎn)都需要相互合作、彼此尊重、互幫互助、相互投資、互通有無。澳大利亞可貢獻(xiàn)于本地區(qū)者甚多，本地區(qū)可提供給我國者甚多。人力資源無疑是其中重要的一部分。來自本地區(qū)不同國家的人民為創(chuàng)造澳大利亞今日生活做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，這是事實，也是今日澳大利亞的一大特點。
朋友們，非常高興有幸參加此次論壇。我謹(jǐn)向論壇表示良好的祝愿，并向那些在4、5年前提出博鰲論壇這一創(chuàng)意的人們表示祝賀。他們是真正關(guān)心這一地區(qū)未來的人。
謝謝。
這是澳大利亞總理霍華德在會上發(fā)表演講。
Chairman Jia Qinglin, Your Excellencies, my fellow Heads of Government, ladies and gentlemen,
I am really delighted to be able to participate in this Forum. I do so as the leader of a nation whose commitment to and involvement in this part of the world, the affairs, the hopes, the aspirations, and the future of the Asian region is unqualified. Perhaps to illustrate that I should point out to you that I attend this Forum having just completed two very important bilateral visits to China and Japan. When in Beijing I witnessed the signing of an agreement to commence negotiations for a bilateral Free Trade Agreement between Australia and China. When in Tokyo we reached an understanding for a feasibility study into the possibility of a Free Trade Agreement between Australia and Japan.
It also comes, this visit of mine, at the end of a period of very intense exchange and activity between Australia and the member nations of the Asian family. We hosted recently a visit to Australia, the first in 20 years, by a Malaysian Prime Minister from the speaker, the Malaysian Prime Minister who has just so eloquently addressed you. And a few days prior to that we hosted a visit from President Yudhoyono of Indonesia. I mention these things to emphasise the naturalness of the association and the exchange between Australia and the nations of this region.
It is common ground to this conference, ladies and gentlemen, that Asia has experienced extraordinary economic growth over the last decades, particularly over the last 10 years. Australia herself has been a great beneficiary of Asia‘s economic strength and Asia’s economic growth. Japan has been Australia‘s best customer since 1969 and in the context of the answer given by the Prime Minister of Malaysia to the last question, can I point out that the foundations of that relationship between Australia and Japan were laid as far back as 1957 when a landmark Commerce Agreement was signed between the governments of Australia and Japan, only 12 years after the end of World War II. And it indicated a far sightedness on the part of the leadership of those two nations.
Bilateral trade between Australia and China has quadrupled over the last 10 years. And a Korean company, POSCO, remains the single best customer for Australians goods and services anywhere in the world. I mention these things to emphasise the benefits that Australia has derived from the growth of the Asian economy. But it‘s been a complementary process. There has been, as you all know, a huge growth in demand for Australian resources. And that will be the subject of a special session this afternoon. But it has been a two-way process, imports accounted for 30 per cent of the Australian textile, clothing and footwear market in 1991, by 2001 that had grown to 53 per cent. And can I also point out that Chinese clothing accounts for 73 per cent of all of Australian clothing imports. So it has not been a one-way process and there has been great complementarity to the exchanges.
There is of course immense optimism amongst all of us, and no doubt it will pervade this conference, that the momentum of economic growth in the Asian region will continue. And we have good reason to have that optimism. But I think we should also, amidst that optimism, remind ourselves that the experience of the past suggests that it should not be taken for granted, that it has to be nurtured and worked upon in order to be guaranteed. The Asian economic downturn of 1997 and 1998 was abrupt and brutal in its impact, and unfair in many respects in its impact on a number of the nations of the ASEAN region in particular. But it was nonetheless a reminder to all of us of how external shocks of that kind can come along and disrupt the flow and the momentum of seemingly inevitable growth. So drawing on that past experience, can I suggest to this Forum that there are some guiding principles which all of us need to adhere to to guarantee a continuation of the economic growth and prosperity that we regard as so important to the future of our peoples.
Firstly, I believe that the nations of the region must maintain strong and unwavering commitment to the principles of open trade and investment policies. There is plenty of evidence from the IMF and elsewhere that the most successful nations of the past 30 or 40 years have been those that have pursued open trade and investment policies. Those that have gone most quickly from being underdeveloped to rapidly developing countries have been those that have embraced open trade and investment policies. China‘s own growth, the extraordinary five times increase in GDP over the last 25 years dates from the decision taken by the Chinese leadership in the late 1970s to embrace more open policies. The same has been the case with India. And the spread of Free Trade Agreements in which Australia has been an active participant is an illustration of the desirability of continuing to embrace open trade and investment policies. Australia herself has signed Free Trade Agreements with Singapore and Thailand, we have commenced negotiations with China and also with Malaysia. All of these measures of course are consistent with our World Trade Organisation obligations, provided free trade agreements on a bilateral basis are consistent with the principles of free world trade there is no inconsistency at all with the goals of the WTO. And on the subject of the WTO, can I emphasise how important the gathering in Hong Kong will be later this year. We have not had a genuine world trade round successful concluded for a quarter of a century. And the future of the Doha trade round hangs critically in the balance. In the interests of the least developed countries of the world, who depend for 70 per cent of their income from exports from the agricultural sector, significant reductions in high agricultural tariffs, particularly from those areas of the world that maintain them at very high levels, will be necessary if a successful Doha round is to be completed.
Secondly, could I argue that there is a constant need for domestic economic reform within the individual member states of the Asian region. This applies just as much to highly developed countries such as Australia as it does to less well developed countries. And the reforms that different governments in Australia have undertaken over the last 20 years stood our country in remarkably good stead when the Asian economic downturn hit in 1997 and enabled us to go through that downturn with little apparent damage.
Thirdly, I think we should remind ourselves that despite all the multilateral cooperation that exists we still live in a world of nation states. And in times of crisis, and this was no better illustrated at the time of the tragic tsunami a few months ago, it was the capacity of individual nation states to respond, and Australia included, Singapore and the United States, the three of us rendering particular and immediate assistance to our friends in Indonesia who were so heavily hit. It is the capacity of nation states to act quickly and decisively that is still very important. And this means that individual nation states should constantly look to the transparency of their governance arrangements, that world wide investment flows will always go to nations which have transparent legal and accounting systems, that have a transparent banking system, and have strong clear rules of governance that affect the business community. And those rules can only be made and improved and altered and reformed by the actions of individual nation states.
Fourthly, we must remind ourselves for all our natural focus on the interaction of nations within this region that Asia should not become in any way inward looking. That we live in a global economic environment, and that is our future forever, whether we live in Asia, Europe or in North America. The United States will remain the most powerful economy in the world indefinitely. And the linkages between this region and the rest of the world are many. Once again let me illustrate by reference to my own country – Japan as I mentioned is our best customer, the European Union as an entity is our largest trading partner, the United States is our largest source of foreign investment, and we have recently signed, and it came into operation at the beginning of this year, a Free Trade Agreement with the United States.
Fifthly, let us also remind ourselves that threats of a non-economic kind and events of a non-economic kind can exact a fearful economic price. The tsunami hit hard many of the economies of the Indian Ocean area. The terrorist attacks that took place in Bali in 2002 had a terrible impact on the tourist industry of that lovely island. And the constant threat of terrorism exists as a danger in a very disturbing and disruptive way of the continued economic progress of so many of our member countries. And that of course reminds us of the need not only for the maximum cooperation amongst the nations of the region in a friendly, harmonious way of which the Malaysian Prime Minister spoke so eloquently. But it also means continued cooperation and association with other nations from outside the region in the worldwide fight against the scourge of terrorism.
Ladies and gentlemen, this is the first occasion that I‘ve been able to attend this Forum. I think the concept of this Forum is quite outstanding, it has deservedly grown in prestige and esteem in the few years that it’s been in operation. It‘s a chance for me at a very wide and prestigious forum to restate the unending commitment of my country to the prosperity of the region. We are forever together in this part of the world. We will forever need to work with each other, to respect each other, to help each other, to invest in each other’s economies, to buy and exchange each other‘s goods and services. Australia has must to offer the region. The region has much to offer my country. Not least of course the resource of its people and one of the realities and one of the outstanding characteristics of modern Australia is the contribution that people from different parts of our region are making to the shaping of our national life.
My friends, I‘ve enjoyed very much the privilege of being part of this Forum. I wish it well and I congratulate those who have conceived the idea of the Boao Forum only four or five years ago, they truly had the future of the region at heart.
Thank you.
賈慶林主席 各位貴賓 各國政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人 女士們、先生們，
能夠出席此次論壇，我感到很高興。我是以一個無條件地致力和參與亞洲地區(qū)的事務(wù)、它的希望、期待以及未來的國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人身份出席此次論壇的。為了說明這一點，也許我應(yīng)該先向大家介紹一下，在出席此次年會之前，我剛剛結(jié)束了兩次十分重要的雙邊訪問-中國和日本。在北京，我們簽署了一項關(guān)于就澳中雙邊自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議開展談判的協(xié)議。在東京，我們就開展澳日自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議可行性研究達(dá)成諒解。
在我此訪之前，澳大利亞與亞洲大家庭其他成員的交往和互動也十分頻繁。不久前，我們迎來了馬來西亞總理20年對澳大利亞的首次訪問，就是剛剛發(fā)表精彩演講的這位馬來西亞總理。而再往前幾天，印尼總統(tǒng)剛剛結(jié)束對澳大利亞的訪問。我提到這些，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)澳大利亞與本地區(qū)各國之間存在著天然的聯(lián)系和交往。
女士們、先生們，亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)幾十年來，尤其是過去10年來的突飛猛進(jìn)是博鰲論壇存在的基礎(chǔ)。澳大利亞就是亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)實力和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的一大受益者。日本自1969年以來就一直是澳大利亞的客戶。我想接著馬來西亞總理對最后一個提問的回答談一點看法。早在1957年，澳日兩國政府簽署了一項具有標(biāo)志性意義的商務(wù)協(xié)議，為澳日關(guān)系打下了基礎(chǔ)，而這距離二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束才不過12年。它顯示了兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的遠(yuǎn)見卓識。
過去10年，澳中雙邊貿(mào)易翻了兩番。而韓國浦項制鐵則一直是澳大利亞商品和服務(wù)的全球客戶。我提到這些，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)：澳大利亞從亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中獲益匪淺。但這是一個互補(bǔ)的過程。大家都知道，對澳大利亞資源的需求一直在增加。今天下午的專題會將專門討論這一問題。但這也是一個雙向的過程。1991年，澳大利亞紡織品、服裝和鞋類市場上，進(jìn)口占到30%。到2001年，這一比例已增至53%。我想指出的是，來自中國的服裝占澳大利亞服裝進(jìn)口總量的73%。所以，這不是一種單向的過程，貿(mào)易往來存在著很大的互補(bǔ)性。
我們普遍有一種樂觀的情緒，這一情緒無疑會影響到整個年會，即：亞洲地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的勢頭將保持下去。我們有理由這樣樂觀。但我認(rèn)為，在樂觀的同時，也應(yīng)該警示自己：以往的經(jīng)歷表明，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不能視為理所當(dāng)然。它需要細(xì)心呵護(hù)、努力奮斗，才能確保實現(xiàn)。1997、98年亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的滑坡，其后果是突如其來、殘酷無情的，給東盟許多國家?guī)淼闹T多后果是不公平的。但它對我們所有人都是一種警示：類似的外來的沖擊是如何產(chǎn)生、又是如何破壞一種看起來勢不可擋的增長勢頭的。鑒于以往的這種教訓(xùn)，我對大會有如下建議：有些指導(dǎo)性原則，我們每個人都需要遵守，以確保對我們的人民的未來如此重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠持續(xù)增長和繁榮。
首先，我認(rèn)為，本地區(qū)各國必須不遺余力、始終不渝地致力于開放貿(mào)易和投資政策。IMF等的事例足以說明，過去30、 40年來，最成功的國家是那些奉行開放貿(mào)易和投資政策的國家。能從不發(fā)達(dá)國家迅速轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻?jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展國家的，也都奉行了開放貿(mào)易和投資政策。中國自己的發(fā)展(GDP在過去25年中增長了五倍)源于七十年代末中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做出的開放決定。印度也是如此。澳大利亞一直積極參與的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議的浪潮，表明繼續(xù)奉行開放貿(mào)易和投資政策是人心所向。澳大利亞已與新加坡和泰國簽署了自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議。與中國和馬來西亞的談判也已啟動。當(dāng)然，所有這些舉措與我們的世貿(mào)組織義務(wù)是一致的。雙邊的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議只要與世界自由貿(mào)易的原則是一致的，就不會與世貿(mào)組織的目標(biāo)相悖。談到世貿(mào)組織，請允許我強(qiáng)調(diào)一下今年晚些時候在香港舉行的談判的重要性。多哈回合的成敗在此一舉?？紤]到那些收入的70%來源于農(nóng)業(yè)出口的世界最不發(fā)達(dá)國家的利益，要為多哈回合畫上一個圓滿的句號，必須大幅度降低農(nóng)業(yè)關(guān)稅，尤其是世界上那些稅率較高的地區(qū)。
其次，我認(rèn)為，亞洲地區(qū)各成員國需要不斷地進(jìn)行內(nèi)部改革。這一點對高度發(fā)達(dá)的國家如澳大利亞和不太發(fā)達(dá)的國家同樣適用。過去20年來澳大利亞歷屆政府進(jìn)行的改革，使我國在1997年亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡來臨之時已處于十分有利的態(tài)勢，幾乎毫發(fā)無損地渡過了那一困難時期。
第三，我認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該告誡自己：盡管存在著各種形式的多邊合作，我們?nèi)陨钤谝粋€民族國家主導(dǎo)的世界里。當(dāng)危機(jī)來臨之時(幾個月前海嘯的悲劇就是的例證)，民族國家能夠做出反應(yīng)。包括澳大利亞在內(nèi)的新加坡、美國等三個國家對遭受沉重打擊的印尼的朋友提供了特別和及時的援助。民族國家快速和決定性的反應(yīng)能力仍是十分重要的。這意味著各個民族國家應(yīng)該時時監(jiān)查其治理架構(gòu)的透明性。在全球范圍內(nèi)，投資總是流向那些有著透明的法律和會計制度、透明的銀行體系、強(qiáng)有力和明確的經(jīng)濟(jì)治理規(guī)則的國家。這些規(guī)則只有通過民族國家的行動才能得到制定、改進(jìn)、改變和改革。
第四，我們必須提醒自己：盡管我們的注意力會很自然地集中于本地區(qū)內(nèi)部各國間的往來，但亞洲絕不應(yīng)成為一個向內(nèi)看的地區(qū)。我們生活在一個全球化的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下。無論我們生活在亞洲、歐洲還是北美，我們的未來永遠(yuǎn)都會是這個樣子。美國將無限期地保持世界經(jīng)濟(jì)第一的地位。本地區(qū)和世界其他地區(qū)的聯(lián)系是廣泛的。請允許我再一次以我自己的國家為例加以說明-日本，我剛才說過，是我們的客戶。歐盟，作為一個整體，是我們的貿(mào)易伙伴。美國是我們的投資來源地。我們與美國最近簽署了一個自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議，已于年初正式實施。
最后，我們還要提醒自己：非經(jīng)濟(jì)性威脅和非經(jīng)濟(jì)性事件也會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果。海嘯使印度洋地區(qū)許多經(jīng)濟(jì)體遭受重創(chuàng)。2002年巴厘島發(fā)生的恐怖襲擊給這個美麗島嶼的旅游業(yè)帶來嚴(yán)重影響。令人不安和破壞力極大的恐怖主義的陰影，時時威脅著眾多成員國經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展。這當(dāng)然警示我們，本地區(qū)各國之間不僅需要以馬來西亞總理所雄辯地闡述的“友好、和諧的方式”盡可能進(jìn)行合作，還要同地區(qū)外其他國家不斷進(jìn)行合作、加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，在全球范圍內(nèi)打擊恐怖主義這一禍端。
女士們、先生們，這是我第一次得以出席論壇年會。我認(rèn)為，博鰲論壇是一個十分出色的創(chuàng)意。經(jīng)過數(shù)年的發(fā)展，論壇當(dāng)之無愧地享有了今天的威望和聲譽(yù)。對我來說，這是一次機(jī)會，可以在一個影響廣泛、聲名顯赫的論壇上重申，我國將永遠(yuǎn)致力于本地區(qū)的繁榮。在這一地區(qū)，我們永遠(yuǎn)站在一起。我們永遠(yuǎn)都需要相互合作、彼此尊重、互幫互助、相互投資、互通有無。澳大利亞可貢獻(xiàn)于本地區(qū)者甚多，本地區(qū)可提供給我國者甚多。人力資源無疑是其中重要的一部分。來自本地區(qū)不同國家的人民為創(chuàng)造澳大利亞今日生活做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，這是事實，也是今日澳大利亞的一大特點。
朋友們，非常高興有幸參加此次論壇。我謹(jǐn)向論壇表示良好的祝愿，并向那些在4、5年前提出博鰲論壇這一創(chuàng)意的人們表示祝賀。他們是真正關(guān)心這一地區(qū)未來的人。
謝謝。