New Words
definition n.
common a.
acceptable a.
settlement n.
debt n.
commodity n.
precious a.
base a.
bead n.
benefit n.
obtain vt.
circulation n.
range n.
available a.
considerably a.
reduce vt.
transaction n. 貨幣的定義
單詞
定義，解說
公共的，共有的
可接受的
清算，結(jié)賬
債；債務(wù)；欠款
日用品，商品
寶貴的，珍貴的
劣等的，低級的
（有孔可穿于線上的）小珠子
利益，好處
獲得，得到
流通，傳播
區(qū)域，范圍
有效的，可用的
相當(dāng)大的
減少，減小
（一筆）交易
Phrases & Expressions
common to
from hand to hand
a base metal（non-precious metal）
as well
at the time of
by oneself
in circulation
carry on 短語與詞組
對…共同，為…所共有（用）
傳遞，轉(zhuǎn)手
賤金屬
同樣,也
在…的時(shí)候
獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的
在傳播中,在流通中
進(jìn)行
Notes:
1. Money is a word common to all the basic functions of the bank.
貨幣是銀行在履行其基本職能中最常見的詞。
(1)money n. pl. mon.eys; or monies: ①a commodity, such as gold, or an officially issued coin or paper note that is legally established as an exchangeable equivalent of all other commodities, such as goods and services, and is used as a measure of their comparative values on the market. 錢，貨幣，紙幣一種商品，如金子或官方發(fā)行的鑄幣或紙幣，把這種貨幣或紙幣定為可與其他一切商品、如貨物和服務(wù)的等價(jià)交換物，并用作市場交換價(jià)值的尺度。②The official currency, coins, and negotiable paper notes issued by a government. 通貨由政府發(fā)行的官方貨幣、鑄幣和可轉(zhuǎn)讓紙幣
(2)function n. ①the action for which one is particularly fitted or employed. 作用，功能（特別適合某人或某人所從事的行為）②assigned duty or activity. 職務(wù)，職責(zé)分派的職責(zé)或指定的活動(dòng)
(3)common to all the basic functions of the bank: 此句是由形容詞common to(對…共同，為…所共用) 引導(dǎo)的形容詞短語，這類短語在修飾名詞時(shí)通常后置。
2. Money can be defined as anything which passes freely from hand to hand and is generally acceptable in the settlement of a debt.
貨幣可以定義為自由流通，并在清算債務(wù)時(shí)被普遍接受的任何商品。
(1)define v.tr. to state the precise meaning of (a word or sense of a word, for example).給…下定義給（例如，單詞或詞義）下精確的定義
(2)which passes freely…and is generally acceptable…為定語從句。
From hand to hand: 傳遞；轉(zhuǎn)手
(3)in the settlement of a debt: 在清算債務(wù)時(shí)
settlement: ①transfer of property to provide for the future needs of a person. 轉(zhuǎn)讓（轉(zhuǎn)讓財(cái)產(chǎn)以提供某人未來所需）②a payment of money清算，結(jié)賬
3. Although most countries now use a system of bank notes and coins, many different commodities have been used as money by people in various parts of the wold and various times in history.
雖然大多數(shù)國家目前實(shí)行一種鈔票和硬幣的貨幣體系，但在世界不同的地區(qū)和不同的歷史階段，許多各式各樣的商品也都充當(dāng)過貨幣。
(1)a system of bank notes and coins: 一種鈔票和硬幣的貨幣體系
system: n.①a group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole. 系統(tǒng)（組成一個(gè)復(fù)雜的整體的一組互相作用、互相聯(lián)系或互相依存的元素）②a social, economic, or political organizational form.制度社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)或政治組織形式
note: n.①A piece of paper currency. 紙幣一紙現(xiàn)金 ②a certificate issued by a government or a bank and sometimes negotiable as money. 票據(jù)政府或銀行確保的證據(jù)，有時(shí)可用作錢
coin: n.①a small piece of metal, usually flat and circular, authorized by a government for use as money. 硬幣一小塊金屬，常為平圓形，由政府批準(zhǔn)用作通貨 ②metal money considered as a whole. 金屬錢幣總稱
辯異：currency: n. pl. cur.ren.cies;abbr:cur. ①money in any form when in actual use as a medium of exchange, especially circulating paper money. 貨幣任一形式的錢幣，在實(shí)際使用時(shí)作為交換媒介，尤指流通紙幣 ②transmission from person to person as a medium of exchange; circulation: 流通作為交換媒介從一人傳送到另一人；流通
(2)commodity: pl.com.mod.i.ties;①something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage.日用品；商品能轉(zhuǎn)成商業(yè)或其他利益的有用的東西 ②an article of trade or commerce, especially an agricultural or mining product, that can be transported. 用品一種貿(mào)易或商業(yè)物品。尤指農(nóng)業(yè)或礦產(chǎn)品，能夠運(yùn)輸
(3)various times in history: 不同歷史(時(shí)期)階段
4. Money by itself gives us no benefit —— only by spending it can we obtain the thing we want.
貨幣本身不能給我們帶來任何好處 - 惟有將貨幣投入使用，我們才能獲得所需的物品。
(1)by itself: 獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地
(2) —— only by spending it can we obtain the thing we want.這是由only引出的倒裝句，起強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣的作用，其正常語序?yàn)椋骸?we can obtain the thing (that) we want only by spending it.
5. Without some form of money in circulation, the range of goods and services available to us would be considerably reduced and business transactions would be difficult to carry on.
如果沒有某種流通貨幣，可供我們使用的貨物和勞務(wù)的范圍將大大縮小，交易也難以進(jìn)行。
(1)本句運(yùn)用了與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，"without some form of money in circulation"是介詞短語，起假設(shè)條件從句的作用，相當(dāng)于："if there were not some form money in circulation"。
(2)"to carry on"是主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式雖然表示被動(dòng)的意思，用的卻是主動(dòng)形式。如：
He has no one to take care of.
We still have many difficulties to overcome.
definition n.
common a.
acceptable a.
settlement n.
debt n.
commodity n.
precious a.
base a.
bead n.
benefit n.
obtain vt.
circulation n.
range n.
available a.
considerably a.
reduce vt.
transaction n. 貨幣的定義
單詞
定義，解說
公共的，共有的
可接受的
清算，結(jié)賬
債；債務(wù)；欠款
日用品，商品
寶貴的，珍貴的
劣等的，低級的
（有孔可穿于線上的）小珠子
利益，好處
獲得，得到
流通，傳播
區(qū)域，范圍
有效的，可用的
相當(dāng)大的
減少，減小
（一筆）交易
Phrases & Expressions
common to
from hand to hand
a base metal（non-precious metal）
as well
at the time of
by oneself
in circulation
carry on 短語與詞組
對…共同，為…所共有（用）
傳遞，轉(zhuǎn)手
賤金屬
同樣,也
在…的時(shí)候
獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的
在傳播中,在流通中
進(jìn)行
Notes:
1. Money is a word common to all the basic functions of the bank.
貨幣是銀行在履行其基本職能中最常見的詞。
(1)money n. pl. mon.eys; or monies: ①a commodity, such as gold, or an officially issued coin or paper note that is legally established as an exchangeable equivalent of all other commodities, such as goods and services, and is used as a measure of their comparative values on the market. 錢，貨幣，紙幣一種商品，如金子或官方發(fā)行的鑄幣或紙幣，把這種貨幣或紙幣定為可與其他一切商品、如貨物和服務(wù)的等價(jià)交換物，并用作市場交換價(jià)值的尺度。②The official currency, coins, and negotiable paper notes issued by a government. 通貨由政府發(fā)行的官方貨幣、鑄幣和可轉(zhuǎn)讓紙幣
(2)function n. ①the action for which one is particularly fitted or employed. 作用，功能（特別適合某人或某人所從事的行為）②assigned duty or activity. 職務(wù)，職責(zé)分派的職責(zé)或指定的活動(dòng)
(3)common to all the basic functions of the bank: 此句是由形容詞common to(對…共同，為…所共用) 引導(dǎo)的形容詞短語，這類短語在修飾名詞時(shí)通常后置。
2. Money can be defined as anything which passes freely from hand to hand and is generally acceptable in the settlement of a debt.
貨幣可以定義為自由流通，并在清算債務(wù)時(shí)被普遍接受的任何商品。
(1)define v.tr. to state the precise meaning of (a word or sense of a word, for example).給…下定義給（例如，單詞或詞義）下精確的定義
(2)which passes freely…and is generally acceptable…為定語從句。
From hand to hand: 傳遞；轉(zhuǎn)手
(3)in the settlement of a debt: 在清算債務(wù)時(shí)
settlement: ①transfer of property to provide for the future needs of a person. 轉(zhuǎn)讓（轉(zhuǎn)讓財(cái)產(chǎn)以提供某人未來所需）②a payment of money清算，結(jié)賬
3. Although most countries now use a system of bank notes and coins, many different commodities have been used as money by people in various parts of the wold and various times in history.
雖然大多數(shù)國家目前實(shí)行一種鈔票和硬幣的貨幣體系，但在世界不同的地區(qū)和不同的歷史階段，許多各式各樣的商品也都充當(dāng)過貨幣。
(1)a system of bank notes and coins: 一種鈔票和硬幣的貨幣體系
system: n.①a group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole. 系統(tǒng)（組成一個(gè)復(fù)雜的整體的一組互相作用、互相聯(lián)系或互相依存的元素）②a social, economic, or political organizational form.制度社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)或政治組織形式
note: n.①A piece of paper currency. 紙幣一紙現(xiàn)金 ②a certificate issued by a government or a bank and sometimes negotiable as money. 票據(jù)政府或銀行確保的證據(jù)，有時(shí)可用作錢
coin: n.①a small piece of metal, usually flat and circular, authorized by a government for use as money. 硬幣一小塊金屬，常為平圓形，由政府批準(zhǔn)用作通貨 ②metal money considered as a whole. 金屬錢幣總稱
辯異：currency: n. pl. cur.ren.cies;abbr:cur. ①money in any form when in actual use as a medium of exchange, especially circulating paper money. 貨幣任一形式的錢幣，在實(shí)際使用時(shí)作為交換媒介，尤指流通紙幣 ②transmission from person to person as a medium of exchange; circulation: 流通作為交換媒介從一人傳送到另一人；流通
(2)commodity: pl.com.mod.i.ties;①something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage.日用品；商品能轉(zhuǎn)成商業(yè)或其他利益的有用的東西 ②an article of trade or commerce, especially an agricultural or mining product, that can be transported. 用品一種貿(mào)易或商業(yè)物品。尤指農(nóng)業(yè)或礦產(chǎn)品，能夠運(yùn)輸
(3)various times in history: 不同歷史(時(shí)期)階段
4. Money by itself gives us no benefit —— only by spending it can we obtain the thing we want.
貨幣本身不能給我們帶來任何好處 - 惟有將貨幣投入使用，我們才能獲得所需的物品。
(1)by itself: 獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地
(2) —— only by spending it can we obtain the thing we want.這是由only引出的倒裝句，起強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣的作用，其正常語序?yàn)椋骸?we can obtain the thing (that) we want only by spending it.
5. Without some form of money in circulation, the range of goods and services available to us would be considerably reduced and business transactions would be difficult to carry on.
如果沒有某種流通貨幣，可供我們使用的貨物和勞務(wù)的范圍將大大縮小，交易也難以進(jìn)行。
(1)本句運(yùn)用了與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，"without some form of money in circulation"是介詞短語，起假設(shè)條件從句的作用，相當(dāng)于："if there were not some form money in circulation"。
(2)"to carry on"是主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式雖然表示被動(dòng)的意思，用的卻是主動(dòng)形式。如：
He has no one to take care of.
We still have many difficulties to overcome.