非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式。動(dòng)名詞和分詞。它們是高中所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法，也是高考必考內(nèi)容，既是高考的亮點(diǎn)又是高考的熱點(diǎn)。1995——2006年全國(guó)高考一共有23個(gè)（含全國(guó)卷1--3）。預(yù)測(cè)今年仍是高考考點(diǎn)。
【高考考點(diǎn)透視】
1．三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成、形式和語(yǔ)法功能及用法對(duì)比。
2．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式的用法和特點(diǎn)。
3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。
4．不定式與動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞，分詞作壯語(yǔ)與獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對(duì)比。
5．不定式和動(dòng)名詞在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目考查的熱點(diǎn)。
6．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。
7．不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。
8．帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有一些比較細(xì)的規(guī)則和特殊用法.如果運(yùn)用以下口訣,聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)中的一些,答案時(shí)思路就會(huì)清晰的多。
一、看句中作何用,形式時(shí)態(tài)慎選擇
例: European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most famous popular sport in the world .(NMET98)
此題答案為A.making 是現(xiàn)在分詞,在句中作壯語(yǔ),與主語(yǔ)European football 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, D 項(xiàng)是不定式的主動(dòng)形式,可作目的壯語(yǔ),但目的壯語(yǔ)前不用句號(hào),B、C項(xiàng)均屬語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤.
二、看動(dòng)詞作搭配,約定俗成是規(guī)則
例: (1) While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _______ into buying something they don’t really need (上海96)
A to persuade B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded
can’t help 是 “抑制不住,情不自禁”的意思,其后要接 doing 或 being done 的形式,屬固定搭配,故排除 A 、D兩項(xiàng),從句意來(lái)看,是人們“被說(shuō)服”,故答案為C。
(2) I can’t stand _______ with Jane in the same office, she just refuses ______ talking while she works.(北京2006)
A working stopping B to work stopping
C working to stop D to work to stop
can’t stand 后接 Ving 形式,表示難以忍受,refuse后用to do,表示拒絕做某事。故答案為C。
三、看句型與句意,特殊用法要記牢
例: 1 How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ? (MET93)
A to take B take C taking D to be taking
how / what about ＋doing (n/pron) 是固定句型,答案是C ,該句中的the two of us 是動(dòng)名詞taking 的邏輯主語(yǔ),the two of us taking 一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作介詞about 的賓語(yǔ).
2 The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002全國(guó)卷)
A begins B having begun C beginning D begun
解析: 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法,new events 與add“增加”該句中的once begun 是once it is begun 的省略句,意為一旦開始,所以答案為D.
3 ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers ?
---The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers?(NMET 2002 北京卷)
A to solving, making B to solving, made
C to solve, making D to solve, made
該題中的the key to sth./doing sth.意為“…的關(guān)鍵,… 的答案”, to 為介詞,其后要跟名詞和動(dòng)名詞,第二空有短語(yǔ)by the customers,很明顯要選過(guò)去分詞made,所以正確答案為B, 該句的意思是“解決這個(gè)難題的關(guān)鍵是滿足顧客所提出的要求?！?BR> 【高考真題點(diǎn)擊】
1．Paul doesn’t have to be made__B__.He always works hard.(MET91)
A.learn B. to learn C.learned D.learning
[點(diǎn)擊]感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,listen to,look at和使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，不定式前要加to。
2.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact,it is very comforable to_B___.(MET’88)
A. sit B. sit on C.be sat D.be sat on
[點(diǎn)擊]sit on與chair有邏輯關(guān)系上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，sit是不及物動(dòng)詞，故需要加介詞on.注意：heavy, pleasant, comfortable等一些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后用不定式的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。
3. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well.now I regret__ D__that.(NMET’95)
A.to do B.to be doing
C. to have done D.having done
[點(diǎn)擊]remember,forget和regret三詞后跟動(dòng)名詞，表示一個(gè)過(guò)去、完成的動(dòng)作；后給不定式表示一個(gè)將來(lái)是動(dòng)作。
4. Mother _C___ us stories when we were young.(MET88)
A was used to tell B is used to telling
C used to tell D used to telling
[點(diǎn)擊] 由when we were young 這一信息句判斷，應(yīng)用used to 表示過(guò)去常常。A 項(xiàng)意為“被用來(lái)去做…，B項(xiàng)意為現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于做…。D項(xiàng)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。
5．We agreed _C___ here but so far she hasn’t truned up yet .(NMET95)
A having met B meeting C to meet D to have met
[點(diǎn)擊] 由 pretend , agree , want , wish , hope , expect , decide , promise , manage, refuse 等動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如是不定式，應(yīng)將not 放在to不定式之前。
6. The first textbooks _D___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century .(NMET94)
A having written B to be written
C being written D written
[點(diǎn)擊] 此題是考查過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)被完成的動(dòng)作。
7. Tom kept silent about the accident __ B__ lose his job .(MET90)
A so not as to B so as not to
C so as to not D not so as to
[點(diǎn)擊] so as to 相當(dāng)于 in order to ，否定詞 not 應(yīng)放在不定式 to 之前。但 so as to 不可置于句首引導(dǎo)目的壯語(yǔ)。
【高考考點(diǎn)透視】
1．三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成、形式和語(yǔ)法功能及用法對(duì)比。
2．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式的用法和特點(diǎn)。
3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。
4．不定式與動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞，分詞作壯語(yǔ)與獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對(duì)比。
5．不定式和動(dòng)名詞在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目考查的熱點(diǎn)。
6．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。
7．不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。
8．帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有一些比較細(xì)的規(guī)則和特殊用法.如果運(yùn)用以下口訣,聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)中的一些,答案時(shí)思路就會(huì)清晰的多。
一、看句中作何用,形式時(shí)態(tài)慎選擇
例: European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most famous popular sport in the world .(NMET98)
此題答案為A.making 是現(xiàn)在分詞,在句中作壯語(yǔ),與主語(yǔ)European football 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, D 項(xiàng)是不定式的主動(dòng)形式,可作目的壯語(yǔ),但目的壯語(yǔ)前不用句號(hào),B、C項(xiàng)均屬語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤.
二、看動(dòng)詞作搭配,約定俗成是規(guī)則
例: (1) While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _______ into buying something they don’t really need (上海96)
A to persuade B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded
can’t help 是 “抑制不住,情不自禁”的意思,其后要接 doing 或 being done 的形式,屬固定搭配,故排除 A 、D兩項(xiàng),從句意來(lái)看,是人們“被說(shuō)服”,故答案為C。
(2) I can’t stand _______ with Jane in the same office, she just refuses ______ talking while she works.(北京2006)
A working stopping B to work stopping
C working to stop D to work to stop
can’t stand 后接 Ving 形式,表示難以忍受,refuse后用to do,表示拒絕做某事。故答案為C。
三、看句型與句意,特殊用法要記牢
例: 1 How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ? (MET93)
A to take B take C taking D to be taking
how / what about ＋doing (n/pron) 是固定句型,答案是C ,該句中的the two of us 是動(dòng)名詞taking 的邏輯主語(yǔ),the two of us taking 一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作介詞about 的賓語(yǔ).
2 The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002全國(guó)卷)
A begins B having begun C beginning D begun
解析: 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法,new events 與add“增加”該句中的once begun 是once it is begun 的省略句,意為一旦開始,所以答案為D.
3 ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers ?
---The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers?(NMET 2002 北京卷)
A to solving, making B to solving, made
C to solve, making D to solve, made
該題中的the key to sth./doing sth.意為“…的關(guān)鍵,… 的答案”, to 為介詞,其后要跟名詞和動(dòng)名詞,第二空有短語(yǔ)by the customers,很明顯要選過(guò)去分詞made,所以正確答案為B, 該句的意思是“解決這個(gè)難題的關(guān)鍵是滿足顧客所提出的要求?！?BR> 【高考真題點(diǎn)擊】
1．Paul doesn’t have to be made__B__.He always works hard.(MET91)
A.learn B. to learn C.learned D.learning
[點(diǎn)擊]感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,listen to,look at和使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，不定式前要加to。
2.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact,it is very comforable to_B___.(MET’88)
A. sit B. sit on C.be sat D.be sat on
[點(diǎn)擊]sit on與chair有邏輯關(guān)系上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，sit是不及物動(dòng)詞，故需要加介詞on.注意：heavy, pleasant, comfortable等一些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后用不定式的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。
3. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well.now I regret__ D__that.(NMET’95)
A.to do B.to be doing
C. to have done D.having done
[點(diǎn)擊]remember,forget和regret三詞后跟動(dòng)名詞，表示一個(gè)過(guò)去、完成的動(dòng)作；后給不定式表示一個(gè)將來(lái)是動(dòng)作。
4. Mother _C___ us stories when we were young.(MET88)
A was used to tell B is used to telling
C used to tell D used to telling
[點(diǎn)擊] 由when we were young 這一信息句判斷，應(yīng)用used to 表示過(guò)去常常。A 項(xiàng)意為“被用來(lái)去做…，B項(xiàng)意為現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于做…。D項(xiàng)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。
5．We agreed _C___ here but so far she hasn’t truned up yet .(NMET95)
A having met B meeting C to meet D to have met
[點(diǎn)擊] 由 pretend , agree , want , wish , hope , expect , decide , promise , manage, refuse 等動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如是不定式，應(yīng)將not 放在to不定式之前。
6. The first textbooks _D___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century .(NMET94)
A having written B to be written
C being written D written
[點(diǎn)擊] 此題是考查過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)被完成的動(dòng)作。
7. Tom kept silent about the accident __ B__ lose his job .(MET90)
A so not as to B so as not to
C so as to not D not so as to
[點(diǎn)擊] so as to 相當(dāng)于 in order to ，否定詞 not 應(yīng)放在不定式 to 之前。但 so as to 不可置于句首引導(dǎo)目的壯語(yǔ)。