GRE考試:閱讀各類型難句深度剖析之信息題

字號(hào):

(一) 信息題概念
    所謂信息題,也可以稱之為推斷題,即:根據(jù)文中的信息,可以推論出什么。可分為兩小類別。有定位信息題和無(wú)定位信息題。常見的標(biāo)志性信息題句式:
    1. It can be inferred from the passage that.。.
    2. The author/passage suggests that.。.
    3. Which of the following statements concerning/regarding/about.。.
    (二) 解題策略
    1. 有定位信息題:回文中定位標(biāo)記并找到選項(xiàng)中的原文改寫。也就是,先閱讀題干,找出標(biāo)志性的詞來(lái),;然后閱讀原文相關(guān)段落的文章和各個(gè)題枝,判斷由文中的關(guān)系可以推斷出題枝中的哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái),最后選出正確答案。
    2. 無(wú)定位信息題:用選項(xiàng)定位標(biāo)記后按有定位方法進(jìn)行。也就是,先閱讀各選項(xiàng),找出標(biāo)志性的詞來(lái);然后閱讀原文相關(guān)段落的文章和各個(gè)題枝,判斷由文中的關(guān)系可以推斷出題枝中的哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái),最后選出正確答案。
    (三) 作標(biāo)記知識(shí)點(diǎn)總覽
    作標(biāo)記在GRE閱讀答題中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,其直接目的就是為了定位。有的考生也許會(huì)認(rèn)為做標(biāo)記會(huì)浪費(fèi)答題的時(shí)間,但事實(shí)并非如此,在沒(méi)有任何標(biāo)記的情況下重復(fù)地回到原文中定位會(huì)浪費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間。尤其在面對(duì)那些信息量較大的文章,如:專有名詞繁多,觀點(diǎn)繁多,事物之間關(guān)系復(fù)雜。不做標(biāo)記很容易讓自己混亂。
    1. 宗旨:只要能夠簡(jiǎn)潔,明了地標(biāo)出信息即可
    2. 需要作標(biāo)記的知識(shí)點(diǎn):
    A. 強(qiáng)對(duì)比(while)
    B. 性(the most, only, unique)
    C. 年代或者時(shí)期(the industrial revolution)
    D. 態(tài)度詞(分為正態(tài)度和負(fù)態(tài)度,如:oppose,misunderstanding),
    E. 事物之間的聯(lián)系(like; unlike)
    F. 人名、地名等專有名詞
    G. 數(shù)字,序數(shù)詞(first, second)
    3. 簡(jiǎn)單符號(hào)的說(shuō)明
    A. ⊙表示性
    B. ﹌用來(lái)對(duì)年代、時(shí)期等信息進(jìn)行標(biāo)示
    C. 表示比較級(jí)或者級(jí)
    D. +-表示文中人物的正負(fù)態(tài)度
    E. =或者不等號(hào)用來(lái)表示人物之間的觀點(diǎn)一致性或者相悖
    (四) 例題與深度剖析
    例題1:
    The transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air above it depends on a disequilibrium at the interface of the water and the air. Within about a mil-limeter of the water, air temperature is close to that of (5)the surface water, and the air is nearly saturated with water vapor. But the differences, however small, are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water-vapor content. (10) The air is mixed by means of turbulence that depends on the wind for its energy. As wind speed increases, so does turbulence, and thus the rate of heat and moisture transfer. Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study. An interacting—and complicating—(15)phenomenon is wind-to-water transfer of momen-tum that occurs when waves are formed. When the wind makes waves, it transfers important amounts of energy—energy that is therefore not available to provide turbulence.(NO.5-1)section2
    譯文
    熱量和水蒸氣自海洋往著海洋上方的空中進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)移,有賴于在水和空氣界面處的一種不平衡。在水面上不超出約一毫米的范圍內(nèi),氣溫接近于表層水 (surface water)的溫度,而空氣中的水蒸氣亦趨于飽和。但是,這兩方面的差異,無(wú)論微弱到什么地步仍是至關(guān)重要的,而那種不平衡亦得以維持,這是由于貼近水面的空氣與較高處的空氣不斷地混合,普遍而言,較高處的空氣溫度要低得多,水蒸氣含量也低得多。兩種空氣的混合靠的是湍流(turbulence),則湍流又是依賴風(fēng)為其提供能源。隨著風(fēng)速的加快,湍流的速度亦加快,因此熱量和濕度的轉(zhuǎn)移比率也加快。對(duì)此現(xiàn)象的詳盡理解尚有待于進(jìn)一步的研究。一種發(fā)生交互作用——并使問(wèn)題趨于復(fù)雜化——的現(xiàn)象是在波浪形成之時(shí)所發(fā)生的由風(fēng)至水的動(dòng)量轉(zhuǎn)移(wind-to-water transfer of momentum)。當(dāng)風(fēng)形成
    波浪時(shí),它將相當(dāng)一部分能量轉(zhuǎn)移掉,因此,所轉(zhuǎn)移掉的那部分能量就不再能用來(lái)提供湍流。
    題目:
    It can be inferred from the passage that the author
    regards current knowledge about heat and moisture
    transfer from the ocean to air as
    (A) revolutionary
    (B) inconsequential
    (C) outdated
    (D) derivative
    (E) incomplete
    答案:(E)
    解析:
    通常我們說(shuō)海洋生物類的文章對(duì)于我們考生來(lái)說(shuō)都是一個(gè)不小的挑戰(zhàn),可能讀了幾遍依然很迷糊,不能理出一條清晰的思路來(lái),拿本題來(lái)說(shuō),主要圍繞著兩方面的差異而展開。其實(shí)長(zhǎng)閱讀和短閱讀的解題思路都是一致的,讀原文—讀題—帶著問(wèn)題回去定位,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中著重理解其段TS和段尾,或者是文章 however thus等關(guān)鍵詞匯引領(lǐng)的一些信息,那么在我們這篇短閱讀中總結(jié)性的表達(dá)是“thus the rate of heat and moisture transfer. Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study.”即“對(duì)此現(xiàn)象的詳盡理解尚有待于
    進(jìn)一步的研究?!蹦敲次覀兺耆梢該Q個(gè)角度來(lái)理解,就是the current knowledge about heat and moisture is incomplete,因?yàn)閕ncomplete而需要進(jìn)一步的研究,而絕非A B CD 所表達(dá)的意思!故正確答案為E!
    例題2
    According to the passage, wind over the ocean generally does which of the following?
    I. Causes relatively cool, dry air to come into proximity with the ocean surface.
    II. Maintains a steady rate of heat and moisture transfer between the ocean and the air.
    III. Causes frequent changes in the temperature of the water at the ocean‘s surface.
    A.I only
    B.II only
    C.I and II only
    D.II and III only
    E.I, II, and III
    答案:(A)
    解析:
    According to the passage, wind over the ocean generally does which of the following? 首先分析題干我們可以明顯看出題目的要求是According to the passage,也就是要縱觀全文。其次,分析“wind over the ocean generally does which of the following.。.”可以看出題干的要求已經(jīng)細(xì)化到“wind over the ocean”了,所以通過(guò)分析題干確立解題步驟:全文把握---細(xì)節(jié)定位---解題