本期重點： 平行結(jié)構(gòu)
平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤主要指在并列連接詞and前后語法結(jié)構(gòu)不對等、不平行。其它并列連詞還有but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also)等可連接兩個對等的詞和對等的結(jié)構(gòu)。
考點例析
1：Computeranalyzed marketing reports can help deciding
which products to emphasize now,which to develop for
the future, and which to be dropped. ____________
解析：本句中三個平行成份which products to emphasize now, which to develop和which to be dropped結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動語態(tài)，因而to be dropped應(yīng)改為to drop。(注：在四六級考試中，短文改錯只能修改、刪除或添加一個單詞，不能同時改動兩個。本例題旨在反映平行結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性質(zhì)。)
例2：At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief that our
democratic System depends on leaders who can think
critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. ___________
解析：can后面有三個并列的謂語動詞，因此writing應(yīng)改成與think, analyze并列的動詞原形write。
例3：Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body. _______
解析;：并列連詞or連接四項名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，其中cell 和organ皆為單數(shù)形式，故tissues應(yīng)改為單數(shù)tissue。
鞏固與拓展
1.A majority of the reports received from people claiming
to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have
proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or tricked. ___________
2. Your semester grade is based not only on how well you
do on each test, but also how you participate in class. ___________
3. Modern sience was born when Galileo began trying to explain
how things happen and thus originating the method of controlled __________
experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation
4. Restrict your self to one or two pages, and listing ___________
any publications or referees on a separate sheet.
5. The House proposal would have barred the federal
government from demanding library records, read lists, __________
book customer lists and other material in terrorism and
intelligence investigations.
綜合改錯
The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist
With a gun, than the man with the portable computer in business class. 1._____
In the last 15 years, pilots report well over 100 incidents tha could 2. _____
have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this
interference remains confirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the 3._____
blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and 4. _____
cassette players and mobile telephones.
RTCA, an organization advertises the aviation industry, has 5. ______
recommended that the airline bans such devices from 6.______
used during “critical” stages of lignt, particularly take-off and landing. 7._______
Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights.
Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.
And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment
during take-off and landing, most are willing to enforce a total ban, given 8. ______
that many pasengers want to work during flights.
The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields may affect an
aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation
which affect those wavelength which craft use for navigation and 9.______
communication. But , because they have not been able to reproduce
these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing
whether the interference might be danger or not. 10.______
參考答案及解析
鞏固與拓展
1. tricked -> tricks
并列連詞or連接三項成分。前兩項均為名詞，故tricked應(yīng)改為名詞tricks與前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
2. how前加on
3. originating -> originated
And后面的thus說明并列句的第二部分是和前面的began對應(yīng)，而非與trying對應(yīng)。
4. listing -> list
這句是祈使句，list與前面的restrict并列。
5. read -> reading
[決戰(zhàn)六級 短文改錯] [第廿期] [平行結(jié)構(gòu)] [已獎勵]
綜合練習(xí)
1. than -> but
此處為固定句式not…but…，此句大意為“的飛行隱患不是持槍的恐怖分子，而是商務(wù)艙中攜帶手提電腦的人?！?BR> 2. report-> reported
該句子的時間狀語是In the last 15 years表明其基本時態(tài)是一般過去時。
3. confirmed -> unconfirmed
根據(jù)上下文，電腦對飛機(jī)影響的原因還不大清楚，故使用unconfirmed。
4. radio -> radios
5. organization后加which
本句主語是RTCA，謂語是has recommended，中間的an organization advertises the aviation industry是RTCA的同位語，所以advertises the aviation industry應(yīng)該是做定語修飾organization。故在organization后加which。
6. bans -> ban
recommend后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣，形式為(should) + v，should可省略。
7. used前加being
From是介詞，后面不能直接使用過去分詞used，如果要表示相同的意思，要是用動名詞形式才行。又因為devices與use之間是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該加上being。
8. willing -> unwilling / reluctant或在willing前加not
此句的正確意思是：盡管一些航空公司禁止乘客在飛機(jī)起飛和著陸時使用那些電子產(chǎn)品，但由于許多乘客很想在飛行時繼續(xù)辦公，所以很多航空公司也不愿意徹底實施禁令。
9.affect -> affects
定語從句先行詞radiation是單數(shù)，從句的謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)。
10. danger -> dangerous
平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤主要指在并列連接詞and前后語法結(jié)構(gòu)不對等、不平行。其它并列連詞還有but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also)等可連接兩個對等的詞和對等的結(jié)構(gòu)。
考點例析
1：Computeranalyzed marketing reports can help deciding
which products to emphasize now,which to develop for
the future, and which to be dropped. ____________
解析：本句中三個平行成份which products to emphasize now, which to develop和which to be dropped結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動語態(tài)，因而to be dropped應(yīng)改為to drop。(注：在四六級考試中，短文改錯只能修改、刪除或添加一個單詞，不能同時改動兩個。本例題旨在反映平行結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性質(zhì)。)
例2：At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief that our
democratic System depends on leaders who can think
critically, analyze texts and writing clearly. ___________
解析：can后面有三個并列的謂語動詞，因此writing應(yīng)改成與think, analyze并列的動詞原形write。
例3：Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body. _______
解析;：并列連詞or連接四項名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，其中cell 和organ皆為單數(shù)形式，故tissues應(yīng)改為單數(shù)tissue。
鞏固與拓展
1.A majority of the reports received from people claiming
to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have
proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or tricked. ___________
2. Your semester grade is based not only on how well you
do on each test, but also how you participate in class. ___________
3. Modern sience was born when Galileo began trying to explain
how things happen and thus originating the method of controlled __________
experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation
4. Restrict your self to one or two pages, and listing ___________
any publications or referees on a separate sheet.
5. The House proposal would have barred the federal
government from demanding library records, read lists, __________
book customer lists and other material in terrorism and
intelligence investigations.
綜合改錯
The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist
With a gun, than the man with the portable computer in business class. 1._____
In the last 15 years, pilots report well over 100 incidents tha could 2. _____
have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this
interference remains confirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the 3._____
blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and 4. _____
cassette players and mobile telephones.
RTCA, an organization advertises the aviation industry, has 5. ______
recommended that the airline bans such devices from 6.______
used during “critical” stages of lignt, particularly take-off and landing. 7._______
Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights.
Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.
And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment
during take-off and landing, most are willing to enforce a total ban, given 8. ______
that many pasengers want to work during flights.
The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields may affect an
aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation
which affect those wavelength which craft use for navigation and 9.______
communication. But , because they have not been able to reproduce
these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing
whether the interference might be danger or not. 10.______
參考答案及解析
鞏固與拓展
1. tricked -> tricks
并列連詞or連接三項成分。前兩項均為名詞，故tricked應(yīng)改為名詞tricks與前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
2. how前加on
3. originating -> originated
And后面的thus說明并列句的第二部分是和前面的began對應(yīng)，而非與trying對應(yīng)。
4. listing -> list
這句是祈使句，list與前面的restrict并列。
5. read -> reading
[決戰(zhàn)六級 短文改錯] [第廿期] [平行結(jié)構(gòu)] [已獎勵]
綜合練習(xí)
1. than -> but
此處為固定句式not…but…，此句大意為“的飛行隱患不是持槍的恐怖分子，而是商務(wù)艙中攜帶手提電腦的人?！?BR> 2. report-> reported
該句子的時間狀語是In the last 15 years表明其基本時態(tài)是一般過去時。
3. confirmed -> unconfirmed
根據(jù)上下文，電腦對飛機(jī)影響的原因還不大清楚，故使用unconfirmed。
4. radio -> radios
5. organization后加which
本句主語是RTCA，謂語是has recommended，中間的an organization advertises the aviation industry是RTCA的同位語，所以advertises the aviation industry應(yīng)該是做定語修飾organization。故在organization后加which。
6. bans -> ban
recommend后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣，形式為(should) + v，should可省略。
7. used前加being
From是介詞，后面不能直接使用過去分詞used，如果要表示相同的意思，要是用動名詞形式才行。又因為devices與use之間是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該加上being。
8. willing -> unwilling / reluctant或在willing前加not
此句的正確意思是：盡管一些航空公司禁止乘客在飛機(jī)起飛和著陸時使用那些電子產(chǎn)品，但由于許多乘客很想在飛行時繼續(xù)辦公，所以很多航空公司也不愿意徹底實施禁令。
9.affect -> affects
定語從句先行詞radiation是單數(shù)，從句的謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)。
10. danger -> dangerous