考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析--1995年part2

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Part Two
    There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
    By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courge, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process ,the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept .
    In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see our-selves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we're slow to adapt to change or that we' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
    These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .
    5 . A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth then__.
    (A)he has given up his smoking habit
    (B)he has made great efforts in his work
    (C)he is keen on learnning anything new
    (D)he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
    6. In the author' s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would__.
    (A)succeed in climbing up the social ladder
    (B)judge his ability to glow from his own achievements
    (C)face difficulties and take up challenges
    (D)aim high and reach his goal each time
    7. When the author says "a new way of being" (line 3, para. 3)he is referring to__.
    (A)a new approach to experiencing the world
    (B)a new way of taking risks
    (C)a new method of perceiving ourselves
    (D)a new system of adaptation to change
    8. For personal growth ,the author advocates all of the following except_.
    (A)curiosity about more chances
    (B)promptness in self-adaptation
    (C)open-mindedness to new experiences
    (D)avoidance of internal fears and doubts
    Unit 2(1995)Part 2
    重點詞匯:
    external(外部的),反義詞為internal(內(nèi)部的)。
    signpost ?(路標(biāo))←sign+post。
    landmark (界標(biāo))←land+mark。
    obstacle(障礙)即ob+st+acle,ob-前綴“阻礙”,st詞根=stand,-acle后綴表物,“站在那里阻礙的東西”→障礙。
    難句解析:
    ① The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language — all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.
    本句破折號前面是三個并列的名詞詞組,其核心詞是the workers,the student和the foreigner,它們后面都有一個定語從句,而破折號后面的部分是一個簡單的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
    注意破折號前面的只是一些例子,在看不懂的情況下可以跳過,當(dāng)然如果能夠精確理解它們的意思對理解作者把成長視為一種過程也有幫助。
    ② The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.
    本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)就是not... but,注意but后面的成分較復(fù)雜,有四個并列的成分attitudes,feelings,caution,courage,在它們的后面有一個時間狀語從句。
    注意抓not... but結(jié)構(gòu)中but后面的部分,這里是閱讀的重點。
    ③ In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
    可以用分號把句子一分為二,后面一半的表語比較復(fù)雜,有三個new的東西:new ways,new ideas,new challenges。
    在此句和此句的上下文中,字面意思的理解可能不成問題,但考生應(yīng)該真正理解作者在這里把人生的成長視為一種過程而不是一個簡單的結(jié)果這一事實。
    ④ In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first.
    本句開始的兩個不定式是目的狀語,主句結(jié)構(gòu)是people need to have a willingness to do sth.,后面又是三個并列的不定式。
    在讀到這一句時我們就應(yīng)該對此文作者的文風(fēng)有一個大致把握,本文的作者比較喜歡使用排比結(jié)構(gòu)來使其論述顯得更加強有力。
    ⑤ If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
    第一個句子以兩個if引導(dǎo)的條件從句開始,核心在then的后面,后面的句子中注意become后面的過去分詞作表語。
    開始也是排比,比較容易理解,后半句里有一個比喻,shell指的是“自我封閉”,大家理解起來也沒有什么問題。
    試題解析:
    5.【正確答案】[A]
    第一段指出,人們對成長有兩種基本看法:有人將之視為結(jié)果(product),有人將之視為一個過程(process)。一般來講,人傾向于將個人的成長(或發(fā)展)看作是一個易于識別和測量的外在的結(jié)果,如:工人晉職,學(xué)生成績(grades)好,學(xué)會一門外語。這都是他們做出努力(efforts)之后所取得的可衡量的結(jié)果。
    [A]表達的內(nèi)容原文雖未提到,但我們可以做一個簡單的類推。一旦形成習(xí)慣,戒煙是很不易的,是需要決心與毅力的,正像一個學(xué)生要取得好成績必須做出努力一樣。B意為:他對工作盡了巨大的心力。但是,這里卻未提到盡心盡力后帶來什么樣的結(jié)果,也許是徒勞無益呢?C意為:他熱衷于學(xué)習(xí)新東西。be keen on意為:熱衷于,想要。與[B]一樣,這里也未提及結(jié)果:他是否學(xué)會新東西?D意為:他想看看(或確立一下)自己在發(fā)展的道路(journey)上走到哪兒了。這更沒道理了。
    6.【正確答案】 [C]
    意為:面對困難,接受挑戰(zhàn)。在第二段,作者指出,將發(fā)展看作是一個過程的人關(guān)心的不是結(jié)果,他們更多地是注重人面對新的體驗(experiences)與不期而至的障礙時所表現(xiàn)出的態(tài)度與感受:是謹(jǐn)慎還是表示出勇氣。發(fā)展永無止境,對外部世界的體驗不止一種,總是有新的思路需要檢驗,新的挑戰(zhàn)(challenges)去接受。另請參閱第三段第一句。
    A意為:成功地爬上了社會階梯(即:成功地進入社會上層)。這是一個結(jié)果,而不是一個過程,因此,是不正確的,而且,原文并未提到這一點。B意為:從他自己的成就來判斷其發(fā)展(潛)力。這顯然是從結(jié)果的角度來看待人的發(fā)展。D意為:確立高的(發(fā)展)目標(biāo)(aim high),而且每次都實現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。原文并未提及“目標(biāo)”的確立,而且該選擇項的后半部分(reach his goal each time)顯然又是在談結(jié)果。
    7.【正確答案】[A]
    在該句中,being在此意為:生存,存在,第三段第二句指出,當(dāng)我們用新的方式生存(或體驗世界)時,我們對自己的看法對我們能否發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。下文舉了幾個例子來闡述這一觀點。如果我們認(rèn)為自己行動敏捷,喜歡刨根問底,在實際的行動上,我們就會傾向于冒險(take more chances),更歡迎(be more open to)新的體驗。如果我們自認(rèn)為天生怯懦并優(yōu)柔寡斷,我們就會遇事猶豫不前,行動遲緩,只有感到安全可靠時才會挪動一步。如果我們自認(rèn)為適應(yīng)變化很慢或不夠精明,無法對付新的挑戰(zhàn),那么,我們很可能做事被動或干脆不做。可見,我們的態(tài)度決定了我們的生活方式。
    A意為:體驗世界(即:生活)的新方式(或方法)。B意為:新的冒險(take risk)方法。這有些片面。C意為:認(rèn)識自我的新方法。這是指態(tài)度方面,而不是指實際行為方面。D意為:適應(yīng)變化的新方法(system)。這也失之片面。
    8. 【正確答案】[D]
    意為:避免內(nèi)心的恐懼感與(自我)懷疑。在最后一段,作者指出,不安全感與自我懷疑不僅是無法避免的(unavoidable),而且是必要的,否則,我們就無法變化、發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵是要敢于面對(confront)并克服這種心理,如果我們一味地求安全,就不會有所長進,就等于是作繭自縛(We become trapped inside a shell of our own making)。
    A意為:對更多的冒險(指:做新的事情)持好奇態(tài)度。即:總希望嘗試新的事情?! 意為:自我調(diào)節(jié)快。即:適應(yīng)新事物快。C意為:對新的體驗持歡迎態(tài)度。對選擇項[A]、[C]、[D]的理解請參閱第7題題解。
    全文翻譯:
    人們對成長有兩種基本看法:一是將其視作結(jié)果;一是將其視為過程。人們通常把個人成長看做是易于識別和測量的外在結(jié)果。工人得到升遷,學(xué)生成績提高,外國人學(xué)會了一門新的語言——這些都可表明人們付出努力之后,取得了可衡量的成績。
    相比之下,對成長過程的測定就難多了,因為從定義上講,它是一次旅行,不是沿途上的某個路標(biāo)或界標(biāo)。成長過程不是道路本身,而是當(dāng)遭遇新的情況或未曾預(yù)料的坎坷時所持的態(tài)度和情感,是慎重行事還是勇往直前。在這個過程中,旅行永遠不會真的結(jié)束;總會有新的方法去體驗世界,新的思想去嘗試,新的挑戰(zhàn)去面對。
    要想成長,要想探索新的道路,人們就得樂于冒險,樂于面對未知世界,并敢于接受初次嘗試便失敗的可能性。我們在嘗試新的生存方式時如何看待自己對我們能力的培養(yǎng)是至關(guān)重要的。自以為行動敏捷而又好奇嗎?如果這樣,我們就會去抓住更多機會,更加勇于面對陌生的體驗。自以為害羞而優(yōu)柔寡斷嗎?那么這種恐懼感便會使我們猶豫不決,行動遲緩,而且在確保安全無虞后才前進一步。自以為適應(yīng)變化的速度很慢,不夠精明,無法應(yīng)付新挑戰(zhàn)嗎?那么我們就可能采取消極姿態(tài),或根本不去嘗試。
    如果我們要變化、要成長,那么這種不安全感、自我懷疑則是不可避免的,而且也是必要的。如果我們不能去正視并克服這些內(nèi)在的恐懼和疑慮,如果我們過于自我保護,那么我們就會停止成長,陷進自己營造的殼里面。