詞義的引申：指翻譯時不光注意詞的本義，應(yīng)該在該詞原意的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合語篇意思，加以引申，選擇最為貼切的漢語詞語來表達。
例一：It is all very well, again ,to have a tiger in the tank ,but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.
分析：本句中tiger原義為“老虎”，但在此處意指“標(biāo)號高的優(yōu)質(zhì)汽油”。本文是講司機在馬路上開車時的行文舉止，故第二個不定式中的one（tiger），從上下文的邏輯意思看，無疑是指“橫沖直撞的（或者粗魯亂開車的）司機”，相當(dāng)于英語中的reckless driver。
順便提下，It is all very well （for sb. to do sth.）, but……意為“……當(dāng)然可以……但……”,例如，It’s all very well for you to suggest a holiday in Italy, but how am I to fin the money?
譯文：當(dāng)然油箱里裝滿優(yōu)質(zhì)汽油倒是好事，但是駕駛室里要是坐著橫沖直撞的司機就完全是另一回事了。
例二：There will be television chat shows hosted by robots , and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
這句話頭一次出現(xiàn)在popo眼前時，翻譯它著實費了一番功夫，結(jié)果還翻錯了，仔細看看，你翻譯對了呢？
分析：disable （=make sb . unable to do sth .）使某人喪失做某事的能力。本句中的disable的賓語是汽車，故將其引申為“使汽車停駛”或“使汽車無法行使”。Offend（=cause sb. To feel upset or angry ; hurt the feeling of ; do wrong to sb ./sth）觸怒，冒犯（某人）；傷某人情感。從本句的上下文看，they 指汽車，故此處offend意為“（汽車）違反排污標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，即“排污超標(biāo)”或“排污違規(guī)”。
譯文：解釋，將出現(xiàn)由機器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目以及裝有污染控制器的汽車，一旦這些汽車排污超標(biāo)（違規(guī)），監(jiān)控器就會將使其停駛。
【作業(yè)】 （別急，慢慢思考后動筆,生命在于點滴之間）
1、請用四步翻譯法（忘記了的同學(xué)參考）對下面句子進行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和句子劃分.( 黑體處為上下文，來自1995年真題)
The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books ,magazines, the daily press, and even in congress.
The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools ,with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.
2、請將上面的句子推敲詞義并翻譯成中文。
3、請把下面句子翻譯成中文。（來自1991年真題)
New sources of energy must be found ,and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.
例一：It is all very well, again ,to have a tiger in the tank ,but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.
分析：本句中tiger原義為“老虎”，但在此處意指“標(biāo)號高的優(yōu)質(zhì)汽油”。本文是講司機在馬路上開車時的行文舉止，故第二個不定式中的one（tiger），從上下文的邏輯意思看，無疑是指“橫沖直撞的（或者粗魯亂開車的）司機”，相當(dāng)于英語中的reckless driver。
順便提下，It is all very well （for sb. to do sth.）, but……意為“……當(dāng)然可以……但……”,例如，It’s all very well for you to suggest a holiday in Italy, but how am I to fin the money?
譯文：當(dāng)然油箱里裝滿優(yōu)質(zhì)汽油倒是好事，但是駕駛室里要是坐著橫沖直撞的司機就完全是另一回事了。
例二：There will be television chat shows hosted by robots , and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
這句話頭一次出現(xiàn)在popo眼前時，翻譯它著實費了一番功夫，結(jié)果還翻錯了，仔細看看，你翻譯對了呢？
分析：disable （=make sb . unable to do sth .）使某人喪失做某事的能力。本句中的disable的賓語是汽車，故將其引申為“使汽車停駛”或“使汽車無法行使”。Offend（=cause sb. To feel upset or angry ; hurt the feeling of ; do wrong to sb ./sth）觸怒，冒犯（某人）；傷某人情感。從本句的上下文看，they 指汽車，故此處offend意為“（汽車）違反排污標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，即“排污超標(biāo)”或“排污違規(guī)”。
譯文：解釋，將出現(xiàn)由機器人主持的電視談話節(jié)目以及裝有污染控制器的汽車，一旦這些汽車排污超標(biāo)（違規(guī)），監(jiān)控器就會將使其停駛。
【作業(yè)】 （別急，慢慢思考后動筆,生命在于點滴之間）
1、請用四步翻譯法（忘記了的同學(xué)參考）對下面句子進行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和句子劃分.( 黑體處為上下文，來自1995年真題)
The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books ,magazines, the daily press, and even in congress.
The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools ,with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.
2、請將上面的句子推敲詞義并翻譯成中文。
3、請把下面句子翻譯成中文。（來自1991年真題)
New sources of energy must be found ,and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.