第十三章 形容詞的比較級
如果我們要翻譯“他比較老”，我們不能說
＊ He is more old.
而一定要說
He is older.
為什么呢？這是因為英文里面的形容詞有所謂的比較級規(guī)則。在下一節(jié)，我們講一些最基本的規(guī)則。
13§1 最基本的規(guī)則
首先，我們要說明英文形容詞有三個等級：原級、比較級和級，最基本的規(guī)則是根據(jù)音節(jié)的多少來分的。一般來說，單音節(jié)的形容詞在字后面加er，就變成了比較級，加est就變成了級，而雙音節(jié)，或雙音節(jié)以上的形容詞，比較級是在字前面加more，級則是在字前面加most，舉例來說，old， smart， strong， weak， high， low等等都是單音節(jié)的形容詞，他們的變化如下：
原級
比較級
級
old older oldest
smart smarter smartest
strong stronger strongest
weak weaker weakest
high higher highest
low lower lowest
以上的形容詞，都是單音節(jié)的，以下的例子都有關(guān)雙音節(jié)的形容詞：
原級
比較級
級
difficult more difficult most difficult
delicious more delicious most delicious
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
correct more correct most correct
stupid more stupid most stupid
significant more significant most significant
有一個規(guī)則必須注意，我們不能將more和er混在一齊用，以下的例子都是錯的：
He is more older than I.
He is more taller than his brother.
正確的句子是：
He is older than I.
He is taller than his brother.
「練習(xí)六十二」
寫出以下形容詞的比較級：
small
slow
intelligent
expensive
tall
short
important
cheap
famous
cold
fast
careful
colorful
long
dark
bright
13§2 特殊的比較級規(guī)則
在上一節(jié)，我們說明了最基本的規(guī)則，那就是單音節(jié)形容詞加er或est，雙音節(jié)的形容詞前面加more或most。但以下就是這些基本規(guī)則的例外。
單音節(jié)形容詞的字是e，就直接加r或st：
原級
比較級
級
large larger largest
late later latest
nice nicer nicest
wise wiser wisest
形容詞的字尾是y，而前一個子母是一個子音，則除掉y，加上ier，或iest：
原級
比較級
級
lucky luckier luckiest
happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest
dry drier driest
easy easier easiest
單音節(jié)形容詞的字尾是子音，前一音是一個元音，則字尾必須重復(fù)一次，再加er或est：
原級
比較級
級
fat fatter fattest
hot hotter hottest
wet wetter wettest
big bigger biggest
完全不規(guī)則的變化：
英文中，有幾個特殊的字，他們的比較級完全沒有規(guī)則，以下是一些例子，讀者必須記住：
原級
比較級
級
good/ well better best
bad worse worst
many/much more most
「練習(xí)六十三」
寫下以下形容詞的比較級：
cute
wide
early
happy
heavy
thin
easy
hot
wise
large
good
bad
many
13§3 比較形的用法
大多數(shù)比較級句子里會有than，以下是一些例子：
I am older than he.
His English is better than mine.
San Francisco is more beautiful than New York.
His car is cheaper than your car.
He is the most diligent student in his class.
I like apples more than oranges.
He has more money than his brother.
He is stronger than his brother.
必須注意的是以下的句子是錯的：
I am older than him.
She is smarter than me.
為什么錯了呢？因為原來句子應(yīng)該是：
I am older than he （is）。
She is more smart than I （am）。
習(xí)慣上的is和am都省略掉的，由以上的解釋可以看出，than后面的句詞應(yīng)該是主詞，而非受詞。
以下的錯誤，也請?zhí)貏e注意：
My head is larger than your.
正確的句子是：
My head is larger than your head.
或者 My head is larger than yours.
請看以下幾個錯誤的句子：
My house is larger than your.
The temperature of this city is higher than San Francisco.
The height of Himalayas is greater than Mt. Fuji.
My bicycle is older than his.
正確的句子應(yīng)該是：
My house is larger than your house.
或者 My house is larger than yours.
The temperature of this city is higher than the temperature of San Francisco.
或者 The Temperature of this city is higher than that of San Francisco.
The height of Himalayas is greater than the height of Mt. Fuji.
或者 The height of Himalayas is greater than that of Mt. Fuji.
請注意以下的例子，句子中沒有than，但仍有比較級：
Among all the teachers who have taught me， he is the best.
This is the best movie I have ever seen.
This food is the worst one which I have ever eaten.
John is the stronger one.
Do we have a better choice？
Mary is the more diligent one.
He is the older of the two.
He is one of the best movie actors.
This area is one of the hottest areas in the world.
He is one of the fastest swimmers of America.
This is a book which I like most.
「練習(xí)六十四」
改錯：
＊He is more old than I.
＊She is younger than me.
＊This university is more larger than that university.
＊He is more older than my brother.
＊His house is older than my.
＊The size of this city is larger than San Francisco.
＊She is taller than him.
＊The height of this boy is greater than his brother.
＊He is the most good student in my class.
＊He is the more bad one.
「練習(xí)六十五」
將下列句子譯成英文句子：
你比他強壯。
他的英文比我的好。
他比他的弟弟更富有。
他是世界上最富有的人。
這支筆比你的貴得多。
喜馬拉雅山是世界上的山。
亞馬孫河是世界上最長的河。
他比他的爸爸高。
他是班上的學(xué)生。
在我遇到的人中，他是的。
「練習(xí)六十六」
填充：
1. He is （old）than John.
2. This problem is one of the （difficult）problems that I have ever seen.
3. This is one of the （good）movies that I have ever seen.
4. Do we have a （good）choice？
5. This place is （hot）than San Francisco.
6. He is （famous）than his sister.
7. She is getting （bad）now.
8. He is feeling （well）now.
9. He has （much）money than his father.
10. Mary is one of （beautiful）student in her class.
11. He is （happy）than before.
12. Peter is getting （thin）。
13. This summer is （hot）than last summer.
14. You have a （bright）future now.
15. He has （many）students than I.
16. I feel much （well）now.
17. He is （careful）than you.
18. Time is （important）than money.
如果我們要翻譯“他比較老”，我們不能說
＊ He is more old.
而一定要說
He is older.
為什么呢？這是因為英文里面的形容詞有所謂的比較級規(guī)則。在下一節(jié)，我們講一些最基本的規(guī)則。
13§1 最基本的規(guī)則
首先，我們要說明英文形容詞有三個等級：原級、比較級和級，最基本的規(guī)則是根據(jù)音節(jié)的多少來分的。一般來說，單音節(jié)的形容詞在字后面加er，就變成了比較級，加est就變成了級，而雙音節(jié)，或雙音節(jié)以上的形容詞，比較級是在字前面加more，級則是在字前面加most，舉例來說，old， smart， strong， weak， high， low等等都是單音節(jié)的形容詞，他們的變化如下：
原級
比較級
級
old older oldest
smart smarter smartest
strong stronger strongest
weak weaker weakest
high higher highest
low lower lowest
以上的形容詞，都是單音節(jié)的，以下的例子都有關(guān)雙音節(jié)的形容詞：
原級
比較級
級
difficult more difficult most difficult
delicious more delicious most delicious
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
correct more correct most correct
stupid more stupid most stupid
significant more significant most significant
有一個規(guī)則必須注意，我們不能將more和er混在一齊用，以下的例子都是錯的：
He is more older than I.
He is more taller than his brother.
正確的句子是：
He is older than I.
He is taller than his brother.
「練習(xí)六十二」
寫出以下形容詞的比較級：
small
slow
intelligent
expensive
tall
short
important
cheap
famous
cold
fast
careful
colorful
long
dark
bright
13§2 特殊的比較級規(guī)則
在上一節(jié)，我們說明了最基本的規(guī)則，那就是單音節(jié)形容詞加er或est，雙音節(jié)的形容詞前面加more或most。但以下就是這些基本規(guī)則的例外。
單音節(jié)形容詞的字是e，就直接加r或st：
原級
比較級
級
large larger largest
late later latest
nice nicer nicest
wise wiser wisest
形容詞的字尾是y，而前一個子母是一個子音，則除掉y，加上ier，或iest：
原級
比較級
級
lucky luckier luckiest
happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest
dry drier driest
easy easier easiest
單音節(jié)形容詞的字尾是子音，前一音是一個元音，則字尾必須重復(fù)一次，再加er或est：
原級
比較級
級
fat fatter fattest
hot hotter hottest
wet wetter wettest
big bigger biggest
完全不規(guī)則的變化：
英文中，有幾個特殊的字，他們的比較級完全沒有規(guī)則，以下是一些例子，讀者必須記住：
原級
比較級
級
good/ well better best
bad worse worst
many/much more most
「練習(xí)六十三」
寫下以下形容詞的比較級：
cute
wide
early
happy
heavy
thin
easy
hot
wise
large
good
bad
many
13§3 比較形的用法
大多數(shù)比較級句子里會有than，以下是一些例子：
I am older than he.
His English is better than mine.
San Francisco is more beautiful than New York.
His car is cheaper than your car.
He is the most diligent student in his class.
I like apples more than oranges.
He has more money than his brother.
He is stronger than his brother.
必須注意的是以下的句子是錯的：
I am older than him.
She is smarter than me.
為什么錯了呢？因為原來句子應(yīng)該是：
I am older than he （is）。
She is more smart than I （am）。
習(xí)慣上的is和am都省略掉的，由以上的解釋可以看出，than后面的句詞應(yīng)該是主詞，而非受詞。
以下的錯誤，也請?zhí)貏e注意：
My head is larger than your.
正確的句子是：
My head is larger than your head.
或者 My head is larger than yours.
請看以下幾個錯誤的句子：
My house is larger than your.
The temperature of this city is higher than San Francisco.
The height of Himalayas is greater than Mt. Fuji.
My bicycle is older than his.
正確的句子應(yīng)該是：
My house is larger than your house.
或者 My house is larger than yours.
The temperature of this city is higher than the temperature of San Francisco.
或者 The Temperature of this city is higher than that of San Francisco.
The height of Himalayas is greater than the height of Mt. Fuji.
或者 The height of Himalayas is greater than that of Mt. Fuji.
請注意以下的例子，句子中沒有than，但仍有比較級：
Among all the teachers who have taught me， he is the best.
This is the best movie I have ever seen.
This food is the worst one which I have ever eaten.
John is the stronger one.
Do we have a better choice？
Mary is the more diligent one.
He is the older of the two.
He is one of the best movie actors.
This area is one of the hottest areas in the world.
He is one of the fastest swimmers of America.
This is a book which I like most.
「練習(xí)六十四」
改錯：
＊He is more old than I.
＊She is younger than me.
＊This university is more larger than that university.
＊He is more older than my brother.
＊His house is older than my.
＊The size of this city is larger than San Francisco.
＊She is taller than him.
＊The height of this boy is greater than his brother.
＊He is the most good student in my class.
＊He is the more bad one.
「練習(xí)六十五」
將下列句子譯成英文句子：
你比他強壯。
他的英文比我的好。
他比他的弟弟更富有。
他是世界上最富有的人。
這支筆比你的貴得多。
喜馬拉雅山是世界上的山。
亞馬孫河是世界上最長的河。
他比他的爸爸高。
他是班上的學(xué)生。
在我遇到的人中，他是的。
「練習(xí)六十六」
填充：
1. He is （old）than John.
2. This problem is one of the （difficult）problems that I have ever seen.
3. This is one of the （good）movies that I have ever seen.
4. Do we have a （good）choice？
5. This place is （hot）than San Francisco.
6. He is （famous）than his sister.
7. She is getting （bad）now.
8. He is feeling （well）now.
9. He has （much）money than his father.
10. Mary is one of （beautiful）student in her class.
11. He is （happy）than before.
12. Peter is getting （thin）。
13. This summer is （hot）than last summer.
14. You have a （bright）future now.
15. He has （many）students than I.
16. I feel much （well）now.
17. He is （careful）than you.
18. Time is （important）than money.