一、不同類型文章的閱讀理解技巧
考試中閱讀理解的短文一般有書信、對話、記敘文、描寫文、說明文、論述文等多種體裁。不同體裁的短文有其不同的段落組織方式和脈絡(luò)層次，也就有不同的閱讀理解方式，了解短文的不同體裁及其相應(yīng)的文章脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于考生對短文進(jìn)行層次的分析從而加深對短文的理解，并能限度地讀懂較難的文章。六級考試的閱讀理解部分一般只有說明文和論述文兩種較難的文體，下面將具體討論處理這兩種體裁的文章及難文的閱讀理解技巧。
（1）說明文
說明文多見于人文、自然等科普讀物，常通過定義、比較、對照等寫作手法對事物的性狀、特征、演變、結(jié)果或其相互之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行解釋或揭示。說明文的第一句通常為主題句，開宗明義、點明全文要說明的對象，行文方式主要有比較、對照和分類幾種格式，每篇短文以一種為主，有時幾種兼用。閱讀說明文要抓住文章的主題，弄清短文的段落組織方式與行文格式，同時還要把握各層次（或自然段）的要點及其與短文主題的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。
（2）論述文
論述文是所有文體中比較難理解的一種，主要因為這類文章往往滲透著作者的個人觀點和態(tài)度，觀點和事實相互混雜，讀者難以分辨。作者的觀點態(tài)度有時通過旗幟鮮明的論點明述，有時則通過論證或駁論喑示。閱讀論述文要從該文體的寫作和結(jié)構(gòu)特點入手，注意以下四個方面:
1）抓住短文的論點，論據(jù)并明確作者用以論證的是歸納、類推還是演繹;2）論述文通常立中有駁、駁中有立，閱讀中要特別注意其中的反駁內(nèi)容; 3）抓住論證中表示因果（because，as a result，therefore等）、遞進(jìn)（moreover，in addition等）和轉(zhuǎn)折（but，however等）的意流轉(zhuǎn)換信號詞;4）注意作者使用的表達(dá)自己贊同、反對等感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或句型。
（3）難文的閱讀理解
六級考試的閱讀短文中，我們經(jīng)常碰到特別難懂的文章，能在閱讀這類短文時通過運用技巧限度地發(fā)揮出自己的閱讀水平，無疑會提高我們的閱讀成績及六級考試的成功率。
碰到難讀的短文，首先要確立自信，冷靜地讀下去，要充分利用短文中上下句的互釋作用，不必為個別晦澀的難詞、難句或概念所束縛，可通過對上下文（特別是下文）的理解來領(lǐng)悟個別難詞、難句的大意從而獲得對有關(guān)概念的理解。同時要充分運用閱讀理解的技能和層次分析等技巧，在閱讀中積極預(yù)測、及時歸納、分析層次、各個擊破。其次，了解難文的類型，也有助于我們對癥下藥攻克難關(guān)，短文難讀不外乎以下幾種原因：
1）短文涉及的題材專業(yè)性強，話題生疏;
2）短文的話題涉及比較虛玄的人文科學(xué)，讀來費解;
3）短文的體裁較難，結(jié)構(gòu)錯綜，層次復(fù)雜;
4）短文中多為結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句，理不清句子基本結(jié)構(gòu);
5）短文中有許多生僻詞和成語，等等。
例: No formula for box-office success in a movie is more certain than to have a cocky heroine enter some field which is generally regarded as a masculine preserve，achieve some initial superficial successes，and then become so entangled in difficulties that she has to be extricated by the hero，who，smirking forgiveness，offers her his brain
for salvation and his lapel for penitence，submission，and tears.
Women in our society are still almost completely dependent upon men for their livelihood，and most of them demonstrate their intelligence by taking care not to seem more intelligent than their escort thinks they ought to be.According to a study of 153 coeds，reported by Mirra Komarovsky in the American Journal of Sociology，many college girls deliberately play dumb to please their dates.Forty percent admitted that they lied about their grades，making them out to be lower than they were，gave up arguments when they saw they might win，lost card games，begged for explanations of what they already knew，knowingly misspelled words in their letters and“jigged，lisped，and ambled”in the manner which so annoyed Prince Hamlet.
1.The subject of this passage is ____.
A.how women adjust to their ependence on men
B.the inferiority of women
C.a formula for box-office success
D.the intelligence of women in our society
2.The author suggests that women's wisest course of action is to ____.
A.develop their brain power through education
B.organize to change existing morals
C.choose men possessed of less intelligence than their own
D.cultivate the art of pleasing men
3.The author feels that movies which show women as inferior to men are successful because such inferiority is ____.
A.wishful thinking on the part of men
B.what women really want
C.typical of the unreality of movie-land
D.an accepted social pattern
4.If the concurred with the thesis of this passage，a legislator attempting to frame a law regulating divorce would probably include provisions to ____.
A.award custody of the children to the women in all cases
B.make it difficult for incompatible couples to separate
C.ensure payment of alimony to the divorced wife
D.ensure that the court determine the guilty party
5.The author mentions that coeds“gave up arguments when they saw they might win，lost card games”，etc.，to show that women are .
A.cowardly B.false C.realistic D.unintelligent
本文包容了上述2）、3）、4）、5）四類難點，困難的焦點又集中在第一段:難詞、長句又加上借喻等修辭手法。但我們可以先不看第一段，只要往第二段讀下去，自然能抓住全文的主題，從而求得對第一段大意的理解。第一段的難點主要是句子，簡化后的句子主干成份是:No formula...is more certain than to have...，接著是動詞have的句型:have a heroine enter...，achieve...and then become，而后又是so...that的程度結(jié)果句;句中還有兩個定語從句，分別由which和who引導(dǎo)，修飾field和hero;由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中brain和lael（西服前翻領(lǐng)）為借喻，分別表示affection和comfort，即為他“出謀劃策”并讓她“靠在他懷里懺悔、屈服并流淚”。句子主干部分為否定比較級表示級，相當(dāng)于It is most certain for box-office success to have...。
（答案:1.A，2.D，3.D，4.C，5.C）
考試中閱讀理解的短文一般有書信、對話、記敘文、描寫文、說明文、論述文等多種體裁。不同體裁的短文有其不同的段落組織方式和脈絡(luò)層次，也就有不同的閱讀理解方式，了解短文的不同體裁及其相應(yīng)的文章脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于考生對短文進(jìn)行層次的分析從而加深對短文的理解，并能限度地讀懂較難的文章。六級考試的閱讀理解部分一般只有說明文和論述文兩種較難的文體，下面將具體討論處理這兩種體裁的文章及難文的閱讀理解技巧。
（1）說明文
說明文多見于人文、自然等科普讀物，常通過定義、比較、對照等寫作手法對事物的性狀、特征、演變、結(jié)果或其相互之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行解釋或揭示。說明文的第一句通常為主題句，開宗明義、點明全文要說明的對象，行文方式主要有比較、對照和分類幾種格式，每篇短文以一種為主，有時幾種兼用。閱讀說明文要抓住文章的主題，弄清短文的段落組織方式與行文格式，同時還要把握各層次（或自然段）的要點及其與短文主題的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。
（2）論述文
論述文是所有文體中比較難理解的一種，主要因為這類文章往往滲透著作者的個人觀點和態(tài)度，觀點和事實相互混雜，讀者難以分辨。作者的觀點態(tài)度有時通過旗幟鮮明的論點明述，有時則通過論證或駁論喑示。閱讀論述文要從該文體的寫作和結(jié)構(gòu)特點入手，注意以下四個方面:
1）抓住短文的論點，論據(jù)并明確作者用以論證的是歸納、類推還是演繹;2）論述文通常立中有駁、駁中有立，閱讀中要特別注意其中的反駁內(nèi)容; 3）抓住論證中表示因果（because，as a result，therefore等）、遞進(jìn)（moreover，in addition等）和轉(zhuǎn)折（but，however等）的意流轉(zhuǎn)換信號詞;4）注意作者使用的表達(dá)自己贊同、反對等感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或句型。
（3）難文的閱讀理解
六級考試的閱讀短文中，我們經(jīng)常碰到特別難懂的文章，能在閱讀這類短文時通過運用技巧限度地發(fā)揮出自己的閱讀水平，無疑會提高我們的閱讀成績及六級考試的成功率。
碰到難讀的短文，首先要確立自信，冷靜地讀下去，要充分利用短文中上下句的互釋作用，不必為個別晦澀的難詞、難句或概念所束縛，可通過對上下文（特別是下文）的理解來領(lǐng)悟個別難詞、難句的大意從而獲得對有關(guān)概念的理解。同時要充分運用閱讀理解的技能和層次分析等技巧，在閱讀中積極預(yù)測、及時歸納、分析層次、各個擊破。其次，了解難文的類型，也有助于我們對癥下藥攻克難關(guān)，短文難讀不外乎以下幾種原因：
1）短文涉及的題材專業(yè)性強，話題生疏;
2）短文的話題涉及比較虛玄的人文科學(xué)，讀來費解;
3）短文的體裁較難，結(jié)構(gòu)錯綜，層次復(fù)雜;
4）短文中多為結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句，理不清句子基本結(jié)構(gòu);
5）短文中有許多生僻詞和成語，等等。
例: No formula for box-office success in a movie is more certain than to have a cocky heroine enter some field which is generally regarded as a masculine preserve，achieve some initial superficial successes，and then become so entangled in difficulties that she has to be extricated by the hero，who，smirking forgiveness，offers her his brain
for salvation and his lapel for penitence，submission，and tears.
Women in our society are still almost completely dependent upon men for their livelihood，and most of them demonstrate their intelligence by taking care not to seem more intelligent than their escort thinks they ought to be.According to a study of 153 coeds，reported by Mirra Komarovsky in the American Journal of Sociology，many college girls deliberately play dumb to please their dates.Forty percent admitted that they lied about their grades，making them out to be lower than they were，gave up arguments when they saw they might win，lost card games，begged for explanations of what they already knew，knowingly misspelled words in their letters and“jigged，lisped，and ambled”in the manner which so annoyed Prince Hamlet.
1.The subject of this passage is ____.
A.how women adjust to their ependence on men
B.the inferiority of women
C.a formula for box-office success
D.the intelligence of women in our society
2.The author suggests that women's wisest course of action is to ____.
A.develop their brain power through education
B.organize to change existing morals
C.choose men possessed of less intelligence than their own
D.cultivate the art of pleasing men
3.The author feels that movies which show women as inferior to men are successful because such inferiority is ____.
A.wishful thinking on the part of men
B.what women really want
C.typical of the unreality of movie-land
D.an accepted social pattern
4.If the concurred with the thesis of this passage，a legislator attempting to frame a law regulating divorce would probably include provisions to ____.
A.award custody of the children to the women in all cases
B.make it difficult for incompatible couples to separate
C.ensure payment of alimony to the divorced wife
D.ensure that the court determine the guilty party
5.The author mentions that coeds“gave up arguments when they saw they might win，lost card games”，etc.，to show that women are .
A.cowardly B.false C.realistic D.unintelligent
本文包容了上述2）、3）、4）、5）四類難點，困難的焦點又集中在第一段:難詞、長句又加上借喻等修辭手法。但我們可以先不看第一段，只要往第二段讀下去，自然能抓住全文的主題，從而求得對第一段大意的理解。第一段的難點主要是句子，簡化后的句子主干成份是:No formula...is more certain than to have...，接著是動詞have的句型:have a heroine enter...，achieve...and then become，而后又是so...that的程度結(jié)果句;句中還有兩個定語從句，分別由which和who引導(dǎo)，修飾field和hero;由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中brain和lael（西服前翻領(lǐng)）為借喻，分別表示affection和comfort，即為他“出謀劃策”并讓她“靠在他懷里懺悔、屈服并流淚”。句子主干部分為否定比較級表示級，相當(dāng)于It is most certain for box-office success to have...。
（答案:1.A，2.D，3.D，4.C，5.C）