非謂語動詞作賓語補足語的用法及區(qū)別 - 六級語法

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??英語中有些及物動詞后除了要求跟有賓語外,還要求跟有賓語補足語(簡稱為賓補),句子的意思才能完整。賓語和賓補一起構(gòu)成復合賓語,它們之間的關(guān)系是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。英語中的三種非謂語動詞(即V-ing形式、V-ed形式和不定式)都可以充當賓補。但它們的形式不同,表示的意義不同。在大學英語四級考試中出現(xiàn)了很多非謂語動詞作賓補的試題。本文結(jié)合這些試題講一下這三種非謂語動詞作賓補的用法及區(qū)別。
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    ??一、V-ing形式作賓補
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    ??V-ing形式作賓補,表示動作的過程,即動作正在進行,尚未結(jié)束。賓語與賓補之間是主動的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。它主要是用在下列兩類動詞之后。
    ??1.感覺動詞,主要有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel,find,catch,look at,listen to等。如:
    ??◇Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
    ?忽然他聽見有人輕輕敲窗子。
    ??◇On the top of the hill,he could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
    ??站在山頂上,他可以看到村里升起了縷縷炊煙。
    如果賓語與賓補之間是被動的邏輯主謂關(guān)系,則要用V-ing形式的被動語態(tài)being done。如:
    ??◇(?A?)Corn originated in the New World andthus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _____ in Cuba.(CET-4,2000. 1-45)
    ??A)being cultivated
    ??B)been cultivated
    ??C)having cultivated
    ??D)cultivating
    ??◇(?D?)The children went there to watch the iron tower _____ .(CET-4,1990.1-55)
    ??A)to erect
    ??B)erecting
    ??C)be erected
    ??D)being erected
    ??◇You will find the matter being talked about all over the town.
    ?你會發(fā)現(xiàn)城里到處都在談?wù)撨@件事。
    ??◇The boy liked to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded.
    ?這男孩愛看輪船裝卸貨物。
    ??2.使役動詞,主要有have,get,leave, keep,start,send,set等。如:
    ??◇(?D?)His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.(CET-4,1999.6-45)
    ??A)wondered
    ??B)wonder
    ??C)to wonder
    ??D)wondering
    ??◇We'd better keep the fire burning.讓爐火繼續(xù)著下去。
    ??◇His letter left me feeling pretty bad.他的信使我感到相當難受。
    ??◇What she said set me thinking.她說的話使我深思。
    ??二、V-ed形式作賓補
    ??V-ed形式作賓補,著重動作完成,表明動作的結(jié)果,它與賓語之間是被動的邏輯主謂
    關(guān)系。它主要是用在下列兩類動詞之后。
    ??1.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞,主要有 hear,see,find,notice,feel,watch,like,think等。如:
    ??◇(?A?)You will see this product _____ wherever you go.(CET-4,2000.6-30)
    ??A)advertised
    ??B)advertise
    ??C)advertising
    ??D)to be advertised
    ? ◇When they got there,they found the house burnt down.
    ?他們到那兒時,發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已全部燒毀。
    ? ◇If you asked some Americans how they liked their steak cooked,you would get a variety of answers.
    ??如果你問一些美國人他們愿意怎么烹調(diào)牛排,你會得到種種回答。
    ? 2.表示"致使"意義的使役動詞,主要有 get,have,make,keep,leave等。如:
    ? ◇(?C )Don't get your schedule_____?;stay with us in this class.(CET-4,1996.1-42)
    ??A)to change
    ??B)changing
    ??C)changed
    ??D)change
    ??◇(?C )In Australia the Asians make their influence _____ in businesses large and small.(CET-4,1990.1-67)
    ??A)feeling
    ??B)feel
    ??C)felt
    ??D)to be felt
    ??◇(?C )The manager promised to keep me_____ of how our business was going on.(CET- 4,1990.1-57)
    ??A)to be informed
    ??B)on informing
    ??C)?informed
    ??D)informing
    ??◇(?B )If you want_____?,you have to get the fund somewhere.(CET-4,1989,1-46)
    ?? A)that the job is done
    ?? B) the job done
    ?? C)to have done the job
    ?? D)the job that is done
    ??◇(?A )Operations which left patients _____ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.(CET-4,2001.1-67)
    ?? A) exhausted
    ?? B)abandoned
    ?? C)injured
    ?? D)deserted
    ??三、不定式作賓補
    ??不定式作賓補,它與賓語的關(guān)系是主動的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。這又可以分為以下幾種情況。
    ??1.不帶to的不定式作賓補
    這種不定式主要跟在兩類動詞之后:
    ??1)感覺動詞,主要有see,watch,notice, observe,hear,listen to,feel等。不定式(短語)表示的動作發(fā)生在感覺動詞之前,事情的全部過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。如:
    ??◇(?D )I have heard both teachers and students _____ well of him.(CET-4,1999.6-46)
    ??A)to speak
    ??B)spoken
    ??C)to have spoken
    ??D) speak
    ??◇Did you see anyone go out of the room?(=Did you see that anyone went out of the
    room ?)你看到有人離開了這房間嗎?
    ??◇She felt someone pat her on the shoulder.她感到有人拍了拍她的肩膀。
    ??2)使役動詞,主要有make, have,let等。這時賓補表示的動作
    發(fā)生在使役動詞之后。如:
    ??◇(?A )They are going to have the serviceman _____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(CET-4,1998.1-44)
    ??A) install
    ??B)to install
    ??C)to be installed
    ??D)installed
    ??◇(?C )My sister's professor had her _____?her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.(CET-4,1989. 1-53)
    ??A)rewritten
    ??B)to rewrite
    ??C) rewrite
    ??D)rewriting
    ??◇(?C )With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers _____ before their time.(CET-4,2001. 6-36)
    ??A)be bloomed
    ??B)blooming
    ??C) bloom
    ??D)bloomed
    ??2.帶to的不定式作賓補
    ??常見的要求帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有:force, tell,require,teach,warn,allow,ask,beg,expect,invite,order,permit,promise,instruct, urge,remind,want,advise,persuade,cause,forbid,like,challenge,request,get,need,oblige,encourage,enable,compel
    等,作賓補的動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在這些動詞之后。如:
    ??◇His conscience compelled him to confess.他的良心迫使他承認。
    ??◇They urged the committee to make the decision soon.他們極力主張委員會盡快做出決定。
    ??◇Don't force yourself to write when you have nothing to say.寫不出的時候不要硬寫。
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    ??3.在help,bid,know后可帶to也可不帶 to
    ??◇ I've never known her(to)tell lies.我從沒聽說她說謊。
    ??◇Will you help me wash the clothes?你能幫我洗衣服嗎?
    ??◇He bade the soldiers shoot.他命令士兵開槍。