本次考試試題來(lái)源于Mayo W. Hazeltine所寫(xiě)的一篇學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)論，主題是關(guān)于達(dá)爾文在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)中的地位。
In his autobiography，Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but 46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. 47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. 48 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree."49 He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry; I have tried lately to read Shakspeare, and found it so intolerably dull that it nauseated me. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. Music generally sets me thinking too energetically of what I have been at work on, instead of giving me pleasure. I retain some taste for fine scenery, but it does not cause me the exquisite delight which it formerly did." 50 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
46． he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations,
參考答案：他相信，或許這種困難也有其好處，正是這種困難促使他能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間專(zhuān)注地思考每一個(gè)句子；從而能夠在推理和自己的觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。
47． He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
參考答案：達(dá)爾文還聲稱(chēng)，對(duì)于冗長(zhǎng)且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，他確信自己在數(shù)學(xué)方面或許根本不會(huì)成功。
48． On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
參考答案：另一方面，有些評(píng)論認(rèn)為盡管達(dá)爾文善于觀察，卻并不善于推理。達(dá)爾文并不接受此種言論，認(rèn)為這是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。
此句解析： 本句篇幅最短，但是難度。許多同學(xué)在第一遍閱讀過(guò)這個(gè)句子的時(shí)候，將as well 理解為一個(gè)整體詞組，用于引導(dǎo)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。但是并列結(jié)構(gòu)具備一個(gè)非常明顯的特點(diǎn)，就是并列成分的時(shí)態(tài)形式統(tǒng)一。而本句中，accept使用原型，founded 則是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(還有將founded 混淆為find的過(guò)去式的，這是比較低級(jí)的錯(cuò)誤）。正確拆分本題的句法結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后如果跟了篇幅較長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中往往會(huì)將賓語(yǔ)后置，而將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前提。本句就是典型的將“as well founded”，而正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是 accept sth. as . 即he did not accept the charge made by some of his critics as well founded 。而critics之后的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明charge的內(nèi)容。理解了這個(gè)最難的部分，其他的結(jié)構(gòu)就相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單很多了。
49．He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
參考答案：他謙遜地補(bǔ)充道，或許他“比普通人更能夠注意到那些容易忽視的細(xì)節(jié)，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的觀察”。
50． Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
參考答案：達(dá)爾文堅(jiān)信，失去這些(對(duì)音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)的)興趣，不僅會(huì)失去幸福，而且還可能損害智力發(fā)展，甚至可能損害道德。
此句解析 單詞injurious是超綱詞，超綱詞的處理方法之一是拆分并尋找熟悉的部分。大部分同學(xué)可以通過(guò)觀察迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)詞同injury和injure等大綱單詞是同根詞。
In his autobiography，Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but 46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. 47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. 48 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree."49 He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry; I have tried lately to read Shakspeare, and found it so intolerably dull that it nauseated me. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. Music generally sets me thinking too energetically of what I have been at work on, instead of giving me pleasure. I retain some taste for fine scenery, but it does not cause me the exquisite delight which it formerly did." 50 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
46． he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations,
參考答案：他相信，或許這種困難也有其好處，正是這種困難促使他能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間專(zhuān)注地思考每一個(gè)句子；從而能夠在推理和自己的觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。
47． He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.
參考答案：達(dá)爾文還聲稱(chēng)，對(duì)于冗長(zhǎng)且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，他確信自己在數(shù)學(xué)方面或許根本不會(huì)成功。
48． On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.
參考答案：另一方面，有些評(píng)論認(rèn)為盡管達(dá)爾文善于觀察，卻并不善于推理。達(dá)爾文并不接受此種言論，認(rèn)為這是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。
此句解析： 本句篇幅最短，但是難度。許多同學(xué)在第一遍閱讀過(guò)這個(gè)句子的時(shí)候，將as well 理解為一個(gè)整體詞組，用于引導(dǎo)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。但是并列結(jié)構(gòu)具備一個(gè)非常明顯的特點(diǎn)，就是并列成分的時(shí)態(tài)形式統(tǒng)一。而本句中，accept使用原型，founded 則是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(還有將founded 混淆為find的過(guò)去式的，這是比較低級(jí)的錯(cuò)誤）。正確拆分本題的句法結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后如果跟了篇幅較長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中往往會(huì)將賓語(yǔ)后置，而將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前提。本句就是典型的將“as well founded”，而正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是 accept sth. as . 即he did not accept the charge made by some of his critics as well founded 。而critics之后的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明charge的內(nèi)容。理解了這個(gè)最難的部分，其他的結(jié)構(gòu)就相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單很多了。
49．He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
參考答案：他謙遜地補(bǔ)充道，或許他“比普通人更能夠注意到那些容易忽視的細(xì)節(jié)，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的觀察”。
50． Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
參考答案：達(dá)爾文堅(jiān)信，失去這些(對(duì)音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)的)興趣，不僅會(huì)失去幸福，而且還可能損害智力發(fā)展，甚至可能損害道德。
此句解析 單詞injurious是超綱詞，超綱詞的處理方法之一是拆分并尋找熟悉的部分。大部分同學(xué)可以通過(guò)觀察迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)詞同injury和injure等大綱單詞是同根詞。